COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay
The COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to Paraguay on 7 March 2020 in a 32-year-old man from Guayaquil, Ecuador, living in San Lorenzo, Central department.
| COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay | |
|---|---|
_(49987599432).jpg) Equipment for responding to the pandemic, donated to Paraguay by the International Atomic Energy Agency | |
 Map of departments with confirmed coronavirus cases:[1]
No confirmed cases. 1–9 confirmed 10–49 confirmed 50–49 confirmed ≥100 confirmed | |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Paraguay |
| First outbreak | Guayaquil, Ecuador (local) Wuhan, China (global) |
| Index case | Central department |
| Arrival date | 7 March 2020 (5 months and 9 days) |
| Confirmed cases | 9,381 |
| Recovered | 5,841 |
Deaths | 127 |
| Fatality rate | 1.35% |
| Government website | |
| www.mspbs.gov.py/covid-19 | |
On 10 March 2020, the Paraguayan government suspended classes and all activities that involve groups of people, as well as public and private events, with the goal of avoiding the spread of the virus, in accordance with Decree no. 3442/2020.[2] Other preventive measures have been adopted as time has gone by, such as restrictions on commerce and movement, suspends flights, closure of borders, restricting entry of foreigners, curfews, and strengthening controls to ensure compliance with the measures.[3]
On 20 March 2020, the first death and the first case of community transmission were confirmed. The government declared a total quarantine until 3 May, with free movement restricted completely. Public movement was restricted to buying food, medicine and other essential items.[4][5][6]
Paraguay has implement from May 4 the so-called “Intelligent/Smart” Quarantine, gradual return to work and social activities with social distancing and hygiene measures. However, the government decided to maintain the closure of borders, implement distance education classes, and the night-time curfew indefinitely.[7]
Background
On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[8][9]
Unlike SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 [10][11] has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[12][10]
Timeline
March 2020
- 7 March: the first case was confirmed in Asunción. The patient is a 32-year-old man who arrived from Guayaquil, Ecuador.[13][14]
- 10 March: Paraguay suspended public school sessions and large-scale public and private events for 15 days.[15][16]
- 13 March: Paraguay suspended flights coming from Europe.[17]
- 15 March: Paraguay confirmed partial closures of its borders, restricted crowds and imposed a night time curfew.[18]
- 20 March: Paraguay confirmed the first death in the country due to coronavirus, and extended a previously announced quarantine through 12 April, and called for a social isolation policy (total lockdown). Public movement is restricted to buying food, medicine and other essential items.[19]
April 2020
- 8 April: Nationwide quarantine (total lockdown) extended through April 19.[20]
- 17 April: Nationwide quarantine (total lockdown) extended through April 26.
- 20 April: For the first time in 29 days, no new cases were found.[21]
- 24 April: Nationwide quarantine (total lockdown) extended through May 3. Paraguay will implement from May 4 the so-called “Smart/Intelligent Quarantine”, gradual return to work and social activities with social distancing and hygiene measures. However, The government decided to maintain the closure of borders and implement distance education classes until December.[22]
May 2020
June 2020
- 9 Jun: The Paraguayan government has announced the total closure of the city of San Roque González de Santa Cruz for a period of 15 days, starting on 9 June, and the city will return to the total lockdown phase.[24]
- 15 Jun: Starts the Phase 3 of the "Smart/Intelligent" Quarantine, with the exception of the Paraguarí and Concepción Departments, which will remain in Phase 2, with the local government controlling circulation at main access points to those Departments for 14 days.[25]
- 25 Jun: Phase 3 (Intelligent Quarantine) extended through July 19. The city of San Roque González de Santa Cruz return to Phase 2.
- 27 Jun: Community cases outnumber shelter cases for the first time, already reaching 56% of total confirmed cases.
July 2020
- 13 July: Paraguarí and Concepción Departments starts the Phase 3 of the "Smart/Intelligent" Quarantine.
- 17 July: Paraguay has passed 100,000 tests (PCR)
- 20 July: Starts the Phase 4 of the "Smart/Intelligent" Quarantine, with the exception of Asunción (D.C), Central and Alto Paraná Departments.
- 29 July: Due to the increase in cases, the department of Alto Paraná returned to lockdown on July 29 for two weeks, with some authorizations of Phase 1 and commerce enabled between 5:00am to 5:00pm.[26]
August 2020
- 8 August: Phase 3 (Intelligent Quarantine) extended through August 30 in Asunción and Central department. [27]
- 14 August: Lockdown extended through August 23 in Alto Paraná department.
- 15 August: Phase 4 (Intelligent Quarantine) extended through August 30 in the rest of the country.
Government responses
First measures
On 10 March 2020, the Paraguayan government suspended classes and all activities that involve groups of people, as well as public and private events, with the goal of avoiding the spread of the virus, in accordance with Decree no. 3442/2020.[2]
Other preventive measures have been adopted as time has gone by, such as restrictions on commerce and movement, suspends flights, closure of borders, restricting entry of foreigners, curfews, and strengthening controls to ensure compliance with the measures.[3]
Lockdown
On 20 March 2020, the first death and the first case of community transmission were confirmed. The government declared a total quarantine (lockdown) until 3 May, with free movement restricted completely. Public movement was restricted to buying food, medicine and other essential items.[4][5][6]
The city of San Roque González de Santacruz (department of Paraguarí) returned to lockdown on June 9 through June 24, due to the uncontrolled increase in the number of contaminations.
Due to the increase in cases, the department of Alto Paraná returned to lockdown on July 29 for three weeks, with some authorizations of Phase 1 and commerce enabled between 5:00am to 5:00pm.[26]
Easing of restrictions: de-escalation
Paraguay has implement from May 4 the so-called “Intelligent/Smart” Quarantine, gradual return to work and social activities with social distancing and hygiene measures in 4 phases. However, The government decided to maintain the closure of borders, implement distance education classes, and the night-time curfew indefinitely.[7]
- Phase 1: consists of the reopening of industries, small businesses with up to 3 people inside, and all delivery services. Outdoor individual physical activity, such as walking, can occur within 500 meters of a person's home. Access to public and private parks for walking/running trails only is permitted but observing the following: From 5:00am to 10:00am access for people, age 65 and older. From 10:30am to 8:00pm access for people between the ages of 10 and 64. The use of common areas such as playgrounds, exercise machines, courts and benches are not allowed. Vehicle traffic restriction by license plate.
- Phase 2 consists of the reopening of corporate buildings with up to 50% of the workforce present and under a rotation schedule. This includes, civil construction, shopping centres and medium-sized businesses, hairdressers (up to 30 minutes per appointment), religious services (such as weddings and baptisms) with no more than ten people present, and moving services. This is to be carried out in compliance with strict health and safety measures, including the washing of hands coming in and out of venues/sites, mandatory physical distancing and the wearing of face masks at all times.
- Phase 3: consists of the limited reopening of restaurants, religious activities in groups of up to 20 persons, higher school (only exams, thesis presentation, practical and laboratory classes; not include classroom classes), indoor gyms by appointment only, outdoor exercise for up to two people, drive-in cinema and other cultural activities with social distancing measures. This also includes individual physical activity in sports clubs and private parks.
- Phase 4: consists of opening the hotel and cultural sector under a strict health protocol. Religious activities in groups of up to 50 persons (a distance of two meters between each person and the registration of participants), in addition to concerts / music festivals, suitable cinemas and other activities in the cultural sector. Social events are allowed up to 20 people and private social gatherings (preferably family) of up to 10 people. As for sports activities, up to 4 people are allowed in any non-contact sport.[24]
In Phase 1 and 2, the ban on all non-essential movement was in place from 9pm to 5am. In Phase 3 and 4, the ban on all non-essential movement is in place from 11pm to 5am (Sundays to Thursdays) and from 12am to 5am (Friday to Saturday).
| # | Name | Measure | Quarantine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | |||
| Partial Quarantine | First measures | 11 March | 19 March | |
| Total Quarantine (Phase 0) | Lockdown | 20 March | 3 May | |
| Intelligent Quarantine (Phase 1) | De-escalation | 4 May | 24 May | |
| Intelligent Quarantine (Phase 2) | De-escalation | 25 May | 14 June (12 July in Paraguarí and Concepción) | |
| Intelligent Quarantine (Phase 3) | De-escalation | 15 June | 19 July (30 August in Asunción and Central) | |
| Intelligent Quarantine (Phase 4) | De-escalation | 20 July | 30 August | |
| Department/City | Phase |
|---|---|
| Rest of Paraguay | 4 |
| Asunción (D.C), and Central department | 3 |
| Alto Paraná department | 0 (lockdown with some exceptions) |
Shelters
Since end of March 2020, the government has adapted existing infrastructure of military bases, warehouses, police stations, and even indoor sports complexes called "shelters" (albergues, in Spanish) to accommodate large groups of individuals -who return from abroad (mainly from Brazil and neighboring countries)- including pregnant women, underage children, and the elderly. The government, however, has been unable to quickly accommodate the hundreds of migrants arriving at its borders.
Returnees undergo a mandatory minimum quarantine of 14 days, which can be extended if required. Likewise, they have the alternative of quarantining in certain hotels or lodgings (called Hotel Salud) in the event that they can afford it. From April to much of June, the majority of confirmed cases came from shelters, however at the end of the same month the panorama changed, with community (local) cases prevailing over those detected in shelters.
The advisory minister for International Affairs of the Presidency of the Republic, reported that by the end of June more than 8,000 returnees had already passed through shelters (at least 10% of them testing positive for coronavirus). According to the Inter-institutional Coordination Center (CCI), by then, about 70 shelters and 40 'Salud' hotels were located in different parts of the country.[29]
Most of these facilities do not comply with the MSPBS's public health protocols of ensuring social distancing and access to medical attention. Groups of up to 160 people are housed in rooms of closely placed bunk beds, and shared spaces do not allow for adequate physical distance.
Impacts
Economy
Paraguay's economy will contract 2.5% until 5% in 2020 due to the halt in economic activities brought on by social isolation measures to contain the coronavirus. The projection is a stark turnaround from the Central Bank of Paraguay in December 2019 estimate of 4.1% growth in the year. The bank's new estimate also goes further than the International Monetary Fund, which projected in mid-April a contraction of 1.0%.
But the government of President Mario Abdo Benítez has been heavily criticised for failing to support people left without income during the total quarantine. Sixty-five per cent of Paraguay's workers earn their living in the informal economy and have no access to benefits during the coronavirus crisis.
Event cancellations
As social distancing entered the public lexicon, emergency management leaders encouraged the cancellation of large gatherings to slow the rate of infection, these are a few cancelled or postponed events:
| Event | Original Date | Venue | Status | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chayanne concert | March 14, 2020 | SND Arena | Postponed | [30] |
| Karol G concert | March 14, 2020 | Jockey Club | Postponed | |
| Soda Stereo concert | March 18, 2020 | Jockey Club | Postponed | |
| Asunciónico | March 31 and April 7, 2020 | Jockey Club | Postponed to late 2020 | [31] |
| Kiss concert | May 7, 2020 | Jockey Club | Postponed |
Statistics
The tables and graphs show the development of the pandemic starting from 7 March 2020.
Table
| Day | News (per day) | Total | Active | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Deaths | Recov. | Cases | Deaths | Recov. | Total | Change | |
| 7 Mar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |  |
| 8 Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |  |
| 9 Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 10 Mar | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
| 11 Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
| 12 Mar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
| 13 Mar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
| 14 Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
| 15 Mar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | |
| 16 Mar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
| 17 Mar | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | |
| 18 Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | |
| 19 Mar | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 13 | |
| 20 Mar | 5 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 17 | |
| 21 Mar | 4 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 21 | |
| 22 Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 21 | |
| 23 Mar | 5 | 1 | 0 | 27 | 2 | 0 | 25 | |
| 24 Mar | 10 | 1 | 0 | 37 | 3 | 0 | 34 | |
| 25 Mar | 4 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 3 | 0 | 38 | |
| 26 Mar | 11 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 3 | 1 | 48 | |
| 27 Mar | 4 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 3 | 1 | 52 | |
| 28 Mar | 3 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 3 | 1 | 55 | |
| 29 Mar | 5 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 3 | 1 | 60 | |
| 30 Mar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 3 | 1 | 61 | |
| 31 Mar | 4 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 3 | 1 | 65 | |
| 1 Apr | 8 | 0 | 2 | 77 | 3 | 3 | 71 | |
| 2 Apr | 15 | 0 | 3 | 92 | 3 | 6 | 83 | |
| 3 Apr | 4 | 0 | 6 | 96 | 3 | 12 | 81 |  |
| 4 Apr | 8 | 0 | 0 | 104 | 3 | 12 | 89 | |
| 5 Apr | 9 | 0 | 0 | 113 | 5 | 12 | 96 | |
| 6 Apr | 2 | 0 | 3 | 115 | 5 | 15 | 95 | |
| 7 Apr | 4 | 0 | 0 | 119 | 5 | 15 | 99 | |
| 8 Apr | 5 | 0 | 0 | 124 | 5 | 18 | 101 | |
| 9 Apr | 5 | 1 | 0 | 129 | 6 | 18 | 105 | |
| 10 Apr | 4 | 0 | 0 | 133 | 6 | 18 | 109 | |
| 11 Apr | 1 | 0 | 4 | 134 | 6 | 22 | 106 | |
| 12 Apr | 13 | 0 | 0 | 147 | 6 | 22 | 119 | |
| 13 Apr | 12 | 1 | 0 | 159 | 7 | 22 | 130 | |
| 14 Apr | 2 | 1 | 1 | 161 | 8 | 23 | 130 | |
| 15 Apr | 13 | 0 | 7 | 174 | 8 | 30 | 136 | |
| 16 Apr | 25 | 0 | 0 | 199 | 8 | 30 | 161 | |
| 17 Apr | 3 | 0 | 5 | 202 | 8 | 35 | 159 | |
| 18 Apr | 4 | 0 | 6 | 206 | 8 | 41 | 157 | |
| 19 Apr | 2 | 0 | 5 | 208 | 8 | 46 | 154 | |
| 20 Apr | 0 | 0 | 7 | 208 | 8 | 53 | 147 | |
| 21 Apr | 5 | 1 | 9 | 213 | 9 | 62 | 142 | |
| 22 Apr | 0 | 0 | 5 | 213 | 9 | 67 | 137 | |
| 23 Apr | 7 | 0 | 3 | 220 | 9 | 70 | 141 | |
| 24 Apr | 3 | 0 | 8 | 223 | 9 | 78 | 136 | |
| 25 Apr | 5 | 0 | 7 | 228 | 9 | 85 | 134 | |
| 26 Apr | 0 | 0 | 8 | 228 | 9 | 93 | 126 | |
| 27 Apr | 2 | 0 | 2 | 230 | 9 | 95 | 126 | |
| 28 Apr | 9 | 0 | 7 | 239 | 9 | 102 | 128 | |
| 29 Apr | 10 | 0 | 9 | 249 | 9 | 111 | 129 | |
| 30 Apr | 17 | 1 | 2 | 266 | 10 | 113 | 143 | |
| 1 May | 67 | 0 | 2 | 333 | 10 | 115 | 208 | |
| 2 May | 37 | 0 | 4 | 370 | 10 | 119 | 241 | |
| 3 May | 26 | 0 | 7 | 396 | 10 | 126 | 260 | |
| 4 May | 19 | 0 | 4 | 415 | 10 | 130 | 275 | |
| 5 May | 16 | 0 | 5 | 431 | 10 | 135 | 286 | |
| 6 May | 9 | 0 | 2 | 440 | 10 | 142 | 288 | |
| 7 May | 22 | 0 | 6 | 462 | 10 | 148 | 304 | |
| 8 May | 101 | 0 | 4 | 563 | 10 | 152 | 401 | |
| 9 May | 126 | 0 | 3 | 689 | 10 | 155 | 524 | |
| 10 May | 24 | 0 | 10 | 713 | 10 | 165 | 538 | |
| 11 May | 11 | 0 | 5 | 724 | 10 | 170 | 544 | |
| 12 May | 13 | 0 | 5 | 737 | 10 | 173 | 554 | |
| 13 May | 3 | 1 | 9 | 740 | 11 | 182 | 547 | |
| 14 May | 14 | 0 | 2 | 754 | 11 | 184 | 559 | |
| 15 May | 5 | 0 | 9 | 759 | 11 | 193 | 555 | |
| 16 May | 19 | 0 | 5 | 778 | 11 | 198 | 569 | |
| 17 May | 8 | 0 | 4 | 786 | 11 | 202 | 573 | |
| 18 May | 2 | 0 | 17 | 788 | 11 | 219 | 558 | |
| 19 May | 41 | 0 | 11 | 829 | 11 | 230 | 588 | |
| 20 May | 4 | 0 | 8 | 833 | 11 | 242 | 580 | |
| 21 May | 3 | 0 | 14 | 836 | 11 | 256 | 569 | |
| 22 May | 2 | 0 | 8 | 838 | 11 | 264 | 563 | |
| 23 May | 12 | 0 | 34 | 850 | 11 | 298 | 541 | |
| 24 May | 12 | 0 | 9 | 862 | 11 | 307 | 544 | |
| 25 May | 3 | 0 | 37 | 865 | 11 | 344 | 510 | |
| 26 May | 12 | 0 | 38 | 877 | 11 | 382 | 484 | |
| 27 May | 7 | 0 | 10 | 884 | 11 | 392 | 481 | |
| 28 May | 16 | 0 | 10 | 900 | 11 | 402 | 487 | |
| 29 May | 17 | 0 | 11 | 917 | 11 | 413 | 493 | |
| 30 May | 47 | 0 | 53 | 964 | 11 | 466 | 487 | |
| 31 May | 22 | 0 | 11 | 986 | 11 | 477 | 498 | |
| 1 Jun | 9 | 0 | 11 | 995 | 11 | 488 | 496 | |
| 2 Jun | 18 | 0 | 10 | 1,013 | 11 | 498 | 504 | |
| 3 Jun | 57 | 0 | 13 | 1,070 | 11 | 511 | 548 | |
| 4 Jun | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1,086 | 11 | 511 | 564 | |
| 5 Jun | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1,087 | 11 | 516 | 560 | |
| 6 Jun | 3 | 0 | 16 | 1,090 | 11 | 532 | 547 | |
| 7 Jun | 45 | 0 | 43 | 1,135 | 11 | 575 | 549 | |
| 8 Jun | 10 | 0 | 28 | 1,145 | 11 | 603 | 531 | |
| 9 Jun | 42 | 0 | 1 | 1,187 | 11 | 604 | 572 | |
| 10 Jun | 15 | 0 | 15 | 1,202 | 11 | 619 | 572 | |
| 11 Jun | 28 | 0 | 5 | 1,230 | 11 | 624 | 595 | |
| 12 Jun | 24 | 0 | 9 | 1,254 | 11 | 633 | 610 | |
| 13 Jun | 7 | 0 | 14 | 1,261 | 11 | 647 | 603 | |
| 14 Jun | 28 | 0 | 3 | 1,289 | 11 | 650 | 628 | |
| 15 Jun | 7 | 1 | 23 | 1,296 | 12 | 673 | 611 | |
| 16 Jun | 7 | 1 | 26 | 1303 | 13 | 699 | 592 | |
| 17 Jun | 5 | 0 | 12 | 1308 | 13 | 711 | 584 | |
| 18 Jun | 28 | 0 | 6 | 1330 | 13 | 717 | 600 | |
| 19 Jun | 6 | 0 | 24 | 1336 | 13 | 741 | 582 | |
Chart
Total cases Active cases Recoveries Deaths
By department
| Department | Cases[1] | Deaths[32] | Recoveries[33] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16/17 | 9,381 | 127 | 5,841 | |||
| In Shelters | 1,209 | N/A | N/A | |||
 |
3,451 | 59 | 2,295 | |||
 |
2,311 | 32 | 1,340 | |||
 |
1,306 | 23 | 638 | |||
 |
362 | 3 | 137 | |||
 |
114 | 1 | 100 | |||
 |
95 | 1 | 45 | |||
 |
79 | 4 | 53 | |||
 |
78 | 1 | 51 | |||
 |
67 | 1 | 39 | |||
 |
63 | 0 | 25 | |||
 |
59 | 0 | 29 | |||
 |
56 | 1 | 20 | |||
 |
40 | 1 | 6 | |||
 |
35 | 0 | 17 | |||
 |
31 | 0 | 2 | |||
 |
13 | 0 | 10 | |||
 |
12 | 0 | 8 | |||
 |
0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Source:
Reporte - COVID-19 (Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare - Paraguay)[34] | ||||||
By age
| By age | Confirmed Cases (%) |
|---|---|
| 0-9 | 4% |
| 10-19 | 8% |
| 20-29 | 29% |
| 30-39 | 26% |
| 40-49 | 15% |
| 50-59 | 10% |
| 60-69 | 5% |
| +70 | 3% |
Other datas
this information is per: (as of August 15)
- In Shelters: 13%
- Locals (out of shelters, communitary cases): 87%
- Men: 59%
- Women: 39%
- Tests: + 150,000
- Hospitalized cases: 131 (40 in UTI)
See also
- COVID-19 pandemic by country
- COVID-19 pandemic in South America
References
- Confirmed cases not detected in Supervised Isolations (shelters) designated by the Government.
- "En Paraguay: Suspenden clases y prohíben aglomeración de personas por 15 días". rockandpop.cl (in Spanish). 11 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- "Advierten que cierre de fronteras será para personas, no para mercaderías".
- "Suman 18 casos de coronavirus y se confirma propagación comunitaria". ultimahora.com. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- "Ministerio de Salud confirma primer fallecido por coronavirus en Paraguay". ultimahora.com. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- "La cuarentena irá hasta el domingo 12 de abril y aislamiento total con excepciones hasta el 28 de marzo – Nacionales – ABC Color". www.abc.com.py. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-paraguay/paraguay-plans-switch-to-smart-quarantine-after-coronavirus-curve-flattens-idUSKCN2262XZ
- Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- "Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- "High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- "World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". www.wfsahq.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- @msaludpy (7 March 2020). "URGENTE #Paraguay confirma primer caso de #COVID19" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- Romo, Rafael (7 March 2020). "Se confirma el primer caso de coronavirus en Paraguay". CNN (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- "Paraguay Says Suspends Public Schools for 15 Days Due to Coronavirus". The New York Times. Reuters. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- Inostroza, María Ignacia (11 March 2020). "En Paraguay: Suspenden clases y prohíben aglomeración de personas por 15 días". rockandpop.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- "Paraguay suspende ingreso de vuelos provenientes de Europa". abc.com (in Spanish). 12 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- "Coronavirus: Latin America imposes military roadblocks, curfews". Gulf News. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- "Paraguay Confirms First Death Due to Coronavirus: Health Ministry". NY Times. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- "Paraguay: Nationwide quarantine extended through April 19 /Update 4".
- "Se realizaron 377 pruebas de COVID-19 y todas fueron negativas". ABC Color. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- https://www.worldaware.com/covid-19-alert-paraguay-extends-quarantine-measures-movement-restrictions-through-may-3
- https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/24/world/americas/24reuters-health-coronavirus-paraguay.html
- "Staying during coronavirus - Paraguay travel advice". GOV.UK. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- "Cuarentena: Fase 3 inicia este lunes, no así en Paraguarí y Concepción - Nacionales - ABC Color". www.abc.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2020.
- "Resuelven que Alto Paraná vuelva a cuarentena casi total por 14 días - Nacionales - ABC Color". www.abc.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 July 2020.
- "Asunción y Central seguirán en la fase 3 hasta el 30 de agosto". ultimahora.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- "¿En qué fase de la desescalada está mi provincia tras este último anuncio de Sanidad?". 20 Minutos (in Spanish). 5 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- https://www.latinousa.org/2020/05/26/insideparaguayshelters/
- Concierto de Chayanne se suspende y aún no tiene nueva fecha ABC, 11 March 2020
- Postergan el Asunciónico 2020 por la pandemia del coronavirus HOY, 12 March 2020
- https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/locales/2020/06/19/ninguno-de-los-9-casos-de-lambare-esta-relacionado-con-la-victima-fatal/
- (Active local cases - Total local cases) - total recoveries: Recoveries in shelters
- "MSPBS - Reporte COVID19".
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