List of state leaders in the 16th-century Holy Roman Empire

This is a list of state leaders in the 16th century (1501–1600) AD, of the Holy Roman Empire.

State leaders in the 15th century – 16th century – 17th century

15th-century Holy Roman Empire leaders – 17th-century Holy Roman Empire leaders

Main

• Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany

• Emperors Elect, Kings –

• Maximilian I, Emperor Elect (1508–1519), King (1486–1519)
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1530–1556), King (1519–1556)
• Ferdinand I, Emperor Elect (1558–1564), King (1531–1564)
• Maximilian II, Emperor Elect (1564–1576), King (1562–1576)
• Rudolph II, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612)

• Reichsvizekanzlers: Vice Chancellors –

• Balthasar Merklin, Vice Chancellor (1527–1531)
• Matthias von Held, Vice Chancellor (1531–1541)
• Johann von Naves, Vice Chancellor (1541–1547)
• Jakob von Jonas, Vice Chancellor (1547–1558)
• Georg Sigmund Seld, Vice Chancellor (1559–1563)
• Johann Ulrich Zasius, Vice Chancellor (1566–1570)
• Siegmund Vieheuser, Vice Chancellor (1577–1587)
• Jacob Kurz von Senftenau, Vice Chancellor (1587–1594)
• Johann Wolfgang Freymann, Vice Chancellor (1594–1597)
• Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606)

Austrian

• Archduchy of Austria (complete list) –

• Ladislaus I the Posthumous, Duke (1440–1453), Archduke (1453–1457)
• Frederick V the Peaceful, Archduke (1457–1493)
• Maximilian I the Last Knight, Archduke (1493–1519)
• Charles I, Archduke (1519–1521)
• Ferdinand I, Archduke (1521–1564)
• Maximilian II, Archduke (1564–1576)
• Rudolf V, Archduke (1576–1608)

• Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (complete list) –

• Melchior von Meckau, Prince-bishop (1488–1509)
• Christoph of Schroffenstein, Prince-bishop (1509–1521)
• Sebastian Sprenz, Prince-bishop (1521–1525)
• George of Austria, Prince-bishop (1525–1539)
• Bernardo Clesio, Prince-bishop (1539)
• Christoph Fuchs of Fuchsberg, Prince-bishop (1539–1542)
• Cristoforo Madruzzo, Prince-bishop (1542–1578)
• Johann Thomas of Spaur, Prince-bishop (1578–1591)
• Andrew of Burgau, Prince-bishop (1591–1600)

• Duchy of Carinthia (complete list) –

• Maximilian I, Duke (1493–1519)
• Charles I, Duke (1519–1521)
• Ferdinand I, Duke (1521–1564)
• Charles II, Duke (1564–1590)
• Ferdinand II, Duke (1590–1637)

• Prince-Bishopric of Chur (complete list) –

• Heinrich V. von Hewen, Prince-bishop (1491–1505)
• Paul Ziegler, Administrator (1505–1509), Administrator (1509–1541)
• Lucius Iter, Prince-bishop (1541–1549)
• Thomas Planta, Prince-bishop (1549–1565)
• Beatus a Porta, Prince-bishop (1565–1581)
• Peter de Raschèr, Prince-bishop (1581–1601)

• Principality of Heitersheim of the Knights Hospitaller (complete list) –

• Duchy of Styria (complete list) –

• Maximilian I, Duke (1493–1519)
• Charles I, Duke (1519–1521)
• Ferdinand I, Duke (1521–1564)
• Charles II, Duke (1564–1590)
• Ferdinand II, Duke (1590–1637)

• Prince-Bishopric of Trent (complete list) –

• Ulrich IV von Liechtenstein, Prince-bishop (1493–1505)
• George II von Neideck, Prince-bishop (1505–1514)
• Bernardo Clesio, Prince-bishop (1514–1539)
• Cristoforo Madruzzo, Prince-bishop (1539–1567)
• Ludovico Madruzzo, Prince-bishop (1567–1600)
• Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo, Prince-bishop (1600–1629)

• County of Tyrol (complete list) –

• Maximilian I, Count (1490–1519)

Bavarian

• Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Munich, Bavaria-Dachau (complete list) –

• Sigismund, co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1467), Duke of Bavaria-Dachau (1467–1501)
• George I the Rich, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (1479–1503)
• Albert IV the Wise, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1465–1505), of Bavaria (1505–1508)
• William IV the Steadfast, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1508), of Bavaria-Landshut (1503–1508), of Bavaria (1508–1550)
• Louis X, co-Duke (1516–1545)
• Albert V the Magnanimous, Duke (1550–1579)
• William V the Pious, Duke (1579–1597)
• Maximilian I, Duke (1597–1623), Elector (1623–1651)

• Berchtesgaden Prince-Provostry (complete list) –

• Balthasar Hirschauer, Provost (1496–1508)
• Gregor Rainer, Provost (1508–1522)
• Wolfgang I Lenberger, Provost (1523–1541)
• Wolfgang II Griestätter, Provost (1541–1559), Prince-provost (1559–1567)
• Jakob II Putrich, Prince-provost (1567–1594)
• Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince-provost (1594–1650)

• Prince-Bishopric of Freising (complete list) –

• Philip of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1498–1541)
• Henry II of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1541–1552)
• Leo Lösch of Hilkertshausen, Prince-bishop (1552–1559)
• Moritz of Sandizell, Prince-bishop (1559–1566)
• Ernest of Bavaria, Prince-bishop (1566–1612)

• Imperial County of Ortenburg (complete list) –

• Wolfgang, Count (1490–1519)
• Ulrich II, Count (1519–1524)
• Christoph, Count (1524–1551)
• Joachim, Count (1551–1600)
• Henry VII, Count (1600–1603)

• Pappenheim (complete list) –

• William, Lord (1482–1508)
• Joachim, Lord (1508–1536)
• Wolfgang I, Lord (1536–1558)
• Christopher, Lord (1558–1569)
• Wolfgang II, Lord (1558–1585)
• Philip, Lord (1558–1619)

• Palatinate-Sulzbach (complete list) –

• Karl Theodor, Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Sulzbach (1733–1799)

• Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg (complete list) –

• Rupert II, Prince-bishop (1492–1507)
• John III of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1507–1538)
• Pankraz von Sinzenhofen, Prince-bishop (1538–1548)
• Georg von Pappenheim, Prince-bishop (1548–1563)
• Vitus von Fraunberg, Prince-bishop (1563–1567)
• David Kölderer von Burgstall, Prince-bishop (1567–1579)
• Philipp von Bayern, Prince-bishop (1579–1598)
• Sigmund von Fugger, Prince-bishop (1598–1600)
• Wolfgang II von Hausen, Prince-bishop (1600–1613)

• Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (complete list) –

• Leonhard von Keutschach, Prince-archbishop (1495–1519)
• Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, Prince-archbishop (1519–1540)
• Ernest of Bavaria, Prince-archbishop (1540–1554)
• Michael of Khuenburg, Prince-archbishop (1554–1560)
• John Jacob of Khun-Bellasy, Prince-archbishop (1560–1586)
• George of Kuenburg, Prince-archbishop (1586–1587)
• Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Prince-archbishop (1587–1612)

Bohemian and Hungary

Bohemia, Hungary

• Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)/(1526–1867), Margraviate of Moravia (complete list, complete list, complete list) –

• Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia (1471–1516), of Hungary (1490–1516), Margrave (1490–1516)
• Louis II, King, Margrave (1516–1526)
• John, contested King of Hungary (1526–1540)
• John Sigismund, contested King of Hungary (1540–1551, 1556–1570)
• Ferdinand I, King (1526–1564), Margrave (1527–1564)
• Maximilian II, King of Bohemia (1562–1576), of Hungary, Margrave (1564–1576)
• Rudolph II, King of Bohemia (1576–1611), of Hungary, Margrave (1576–1608)

• Duchy of Cieszyn (Teschen) (complete list) –

• Casimir II, Duke (1477–1528)
• Wenceslaus II, Duke (1518–1524)
• Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke (1528–1579)
• Adam Wenceslaus, Duke (1579–1617)

Burgundian-Low Countries

• County of Artois (complete list) –

For the preceding rulers, see the County of Artois under the List of state leaders in the 15th century

• Philip I of Castile, Count (1482–1506)
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Count (1506–1556)

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip II of Spain, Count (1556–1598)
• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess, and Albert, Count (1598–1621)

• County of Burgundy (complete list) –

• Philip VI the Handsome, Count (1482–1506)
• Charles II, Count (1506–1556)
• Philip VII, Count (1556–1598)
• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess, and Albert, Count (1598–1621)

• Duchy of Brabant (complete list) –

• Philip III, Duke (1494–1506)
• Charles II, Duke (1506–1555)
• Philip IV, Duke (1555–1598)
• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Duchess, Albert, Duke (1598–1621)

• County of Drenthe (complete list) –

For the preceding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Jean de Ligne, Stadtholder (1549–1568)
• Charles de Brimeu, Stadtholder (1568–1572)
• Gillis of Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1572–1574)
• Caspar de Robles, Stadtholder (1574–1576)
• George de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1576–1581)

For the succeeding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the List of state leaders in the 16th century

• County of Flanders (complete list) –

• Philip IV the Handsome, Count (1482–1506)
• Charles III, Count (1506–1555)
• Philip V, Count (1555–1598)
• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Countess (1598–1621)

• Lordship of Frisia (complete list) –

• Floris van Egmont, Stadtholder (1515–1518)
• Wilhelm von Roggendorf, Stadtholder (1518–1521)
• Georg Schenck van Tautenburg, Stadtholder (1521–1540)
• Jancko Douwama, Frisian rebel/ Stadtholder (1522–?)
• Maximiliaan van Egmond, Stadtholder (1559–1548)
• Jean de Ligne, Stadtholder (1559–1568)
• Charles de Brimeu, Stadtholder (1568–1572)
• Gillis van Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1572–1574)
• Caspar de Robles, Stadtholder (1574–1576)
• George de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1576–1581)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Frisia under the List of state leaders in the 16th century

• Lordship of Groningen (complete list) –

For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Jean de Ligne, Stadtholder (1549–1568)
• Charles de Brimeu, Stadtholder (1568–1572)
• Gillis van Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1572–1574)
• Caspar de Robles, Stadtholder (1574–1576)
• George de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1576–1581)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the List of state leaders in the 16th century

• Duchy of Guelders

For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Dukes (complete list) –

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Charles V, Duke (1543–1555)
• Philip II, Duke (1555–1598)

• Stadtholders (complete list) –

• Philip de Lalaing|Philip de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1544–1555)
• Philip de Montmorency, Stadtholder (1555–1560)
• Karel van Brimeu, Stadtholder (1560–1572)
• Gillis van Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1572–1577)
• Johann VI, Stadtholder (1578–1581)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the List of state leaders in the 16th century

• Upper Guelders (complete list) –

For the preceding rulers, see the Upper Guelders under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Jan van Argenteau, Stadtholder (1579–1589)
• Marcus de Rye de la Palud, Stadtholder (1589–1592)
• Charles of Ligne, Stadtholder (1592–1593)
• Herman van den Bergh, Stadtholder (1593–1611)

• County of Hainaut (complete list) –

• Philip I de Croÿ, Stadtholder (1482–1511)
• Charles I de Croÿ, Stadtholder (1511–1521)
• Philip II de Croÿ, Stadtholder (1521–1549)
• Charles II de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1549–1558)
• Charles de Brimeu, Stadtholder (1558–1560)
• John IV of Glymes, Stadtholder (1560–1566)
• Philip of Noircarmes, Stadtholder (1566–1574)
• Philip de Lalaing|Philip de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1574–1582)
• Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1582–1590)
• Charles III de Croÿ, Stadtholder (1592–1606)

• County of Holland, County of Zeeland

• Counts (complete list) –

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip II the Handsome, Count (1494–1506)
• Charles II, Count (1515–1555)
• Philip III, Count (1555–1581)

• Stadtholders (complete list) –

• Jan III van Egmond, Stadtholder (1483–1515)
• Henry III of Nassau-Breda, Stadtholder (1515–1521)
• Antoon I van Lalaing, Stadtholder (1522–1540)
• René of Châlon, Stadtholder (1540–1544)
• Louis of Flanders, Stadtholder (1544–1546)
• Maximilian of Burgundy, Stadtholder (1547–1558)
• William I, Stadtholder (1559–1567)
• Maximilien de Hénin, Stadtholder (1567–1573)
• Philip of Noircarmes, Stadtholder (1573–1574)
• Gillis van Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1574–1577)
• William I, Stadtholder (1572–1584)

For the succeeding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th century

• Duchy of Limburg (complete list) –

• Philip III, Duke (1494–1506)
• Charles II, Duke (1506–1555)

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip IV, Duke (1555–1598)
• Isabella, Duchess (1598–1621)

• Duchy of Luxembourg

For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Luxemburg under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Dukes (complete list) –

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip III, Duke (1556–1598)
• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Duchess, and Albert, Duke (1598–1621)

• Stadtholders (complete list) –

• Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, Stadtholder (1545–1552, 1559–1604)
• Maarten van Rossum, Stadtholder (1552–1555)
• Charles de Brimeu, Stadtholder (1556–1558)

• County of Namur (complete list) –

• Maximilian, Margrave (1493–1519)
• Charles II, Margrave (1519–1556)

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Namur with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip V, Margrave (1556–1598)
• Isabella Clara Eugenia, Margravine (1598–1621)

• Lordship of Overijssel (complete list) –

For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Jean de Ligne|Jean de Ligne, Stadtholder (1548–1568)
• Charles de Brimeu, Stadtholder (1568–1572)
• Gillis van Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1572–1573)
• Caspar de Robles, Stadtholder (1573–1576)
• George de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1576–1581)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the List of state leaders in the 16th century

• Lordship of Utrecht

• Lords –

• Charles II, Count (1528–1555)

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Utrecht with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip III, Count (1555–1581)

• Stadtholders (complete list) –

• Antoon I van Lalaing, Stadtholder (1528–1540)
• René of Châlon, Stadtholder (1540–1544)
• Louis of Flanders, Stadtholder (1544–1546)
• Maximilian of Burgundy, Stadtholder (1547–1558)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Utrecht under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

Franconian

• Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg (complete list) –

• Heinrich Groß von Trockau, Prince-bishop (1487–1501)
• Veit Truchseß von Pommersfelden, Prince-bishop (1501–1503)
• Georg Marschalk von Ebnet, Prince-bishop (1503–1505)
• Georg Schenk von Limpurg, Prince-bishop (1505–1522)
• Weigand von Redwitz, Prince-bishop (1522–1556)
• Georg Fuchs von Rügheim, Prince-bishop (1556–1561)
• Veit von Würzburg, Prince-bishop (1561–1577)
• Johann Georg Zobel von Giebelstadt, Prince-bishop (1577–1580)
• Martin von Eyb, Prince-bishop (1580–1583)
• Ernst von Mengersdorf, Prince-bishop (1583–1591)
• Neytard von Thüngen, Prince-bishop (1591–1598)
• Johann Philipp von Gebsattel, Prince-bishop (1599–1609)

• Brandenburg-Ansbach (complete list) –

• Frederick the Elder, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486–1536), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1495–1515)
• George I the Pious, Regent of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1527–1541), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1536–1543)
• Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg, Regent (1543–c.1548)
• Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, Regent (1543–c.1548)
• John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, Regent (1543–1547)
• Maurice, Elector of Saxony, Regent (1547–c.1548)
• George Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1543–1603), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1553–1603)

• Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) (complete list) –

• Frederick the Elder, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486–1536), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1495–1515)
• Casimir, Margrave (1515–1527)
• George I the Pious, Regent of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1527–1541), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1536–1543)
• Albert Alcibiades, Margrave (1527–1553)
• George Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1543–1603), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1553–1603)

• County of Castell (complete list) –

• George I, Count (1498–1528)
• Wolfgang I, Count (1498–1546)
• Conrad II, Count (1546–1577)
• Frederick XI, Count (1546–1552)
• Henry IV, Count (1546–1595)
• George II, Count (1546–1597)

partitioned into Castell-Remlingen and Castell-Rüdenhausen

• Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt (complete list, de) –

• Gabriel von Eyb, Prince-bishop (1496–1535)
• Christoph von Pappenheim-Stahlingen, Prince-bishop (1535–1539)
• Moritz von Hutten, Prince-bishop (1539–1552)
• Eberhard II von Hirnheim, Prince-bishop (1552–1560)
• Martin von Schaumburg, Prince-bishop (1560–1590)
• Kaspar von Seckendorf, Prince-bishop (1590–1595)
• Johann Konrad von Gemmingen, Prince-bishop (1595–1612)

• Hohenlohe-Neuenstein –

• Ludwig Kasimir, Count (1551–1568)
• Albrecht, co-Count (1568–c.1586)
• Friedrich, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1586–1590)
• Philipp, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count (1586–1606)
• Wolfgang, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1586–1606), of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1586–1610)

• Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach –

• Ludwig Eberhard of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach (1600–1650)

• Hohenlohe-Weikersheim –

• Kraft VI, Count (1472–1503)
• Georg, Count (1503–1551)
• Eberhard von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, Count (1551–1570)
• Wolfgang, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1586–1606), of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1586–1610)
• Georg Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, Count (1570–1600)
• Georg Friedrich II, Count (1600–1635)

• Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg (complete list) –

• Lorenz von Bibra, Prince-bishop (1495–1519)
• Konrad von Thüngen, Prince-bishop (1519–1540)
• Conrad von Bibra, Prince-bishop (1540–1544)
• Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt, Prince-bishop (1544–1558)
• Friedrich von Wirsberg, Prince-bishop (1558–1573)
• Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, Prince-bishop (1573–1617)

Electoral Rhenish

• County/ Duchy of Arenberg (complete list) –

• Eberhard IV (1496–1531)

• Elector-Bishopric of Mainz (complete list) –

• Berthold von Henneberg, Archbishop-elector (1484–1504)
• Jakob von Liebenstein, Archbishop-elector (1504–1508)
• Uriel von Gemmingen, Archbishop-elector (1508–1514)
• Albert of Brandenburg, Archbishop-elector (1514–1545)
• Sebastian von Heusenstamm, Archbishop-elector (1545–1555)
• Daniel Brendel von Homburg, Archbishop-elector (1555–1582)
• Wolfgang von Dalberg, Archbishop-elector (1582–1601)

• Nieder-Isenburg (complete list) –

• Gerlach II, Count (1488–1502)
• Heinrich, Count (1521/22–1553)
• Johann Heinrich, Count (post-1565)
• Arnold, Count (?–1577)
• Salentin VIII, Count (1577–1610)

• Electoral Palatinate (complete list) –

Palatinate-Neuburg

Palatinate-Simmern

Palatinate-Veldenz

Palatinate-Veldenz-Gutenberg

Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein

Palatinate-Zweibrücken

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein

• Philip I the Upright, Elector (1476–1508)
• John I, Count Palatine of Simmern (1480–1509)
• Alexander I the Lame, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1489–1514)
• Philip I the Warlike, co-Count Palatine of Neuburg (1505–1541)
• Otto Henry I the Magnanimous, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1505–1557)
• Louis V the Pacific, Elector (1508–1544)
• John II, Count Palatine of Simmern (1509–1557)
• Louis II the Younger, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1514–1532)
• Robert I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1532–1543)
• Robert I, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1543–1544)
• Wolfgang I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1532–1569)
• Wolfgang I, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1557–1569)
• Frederick III the Wise, Elector (1544–1556)
• George John I the Astute, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1560–1592)
• Otto Henry I the Magnanimous, Elector (1556–1559)
• Frederick III the Pious, Count Palatine of Simmern (1557–1559)
• Frederick III the Pious, Elector (1559–1576)
• George, Count Palatine of Simmern (1559–1569)
• Richard, Count Palatine of Simmern (1569–1598)
• John I the Lame, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1569–1604)
• Frederick I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein (1569–1597)
• Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1569–1604)
• Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1569–1600)
• Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1569–1604)
• Louis VI the Careless, Elector (1576–1583)
• Frederick IV the Righteous, Elector (1583–1610)
• Anna of Sweden, Regent (1592–1598)
• George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1598–1634)
• John Augustus, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein (1598–1611)
• Louis Philip I, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Gutenberg (1598–1601)
• George John II, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Gutenberg (1598–1654)

• Elector-Bishopric of Trier (complete list) –

• Johann II of Baden, Archbishop-elector (1456–1503)
• Jakob von Baden, Archbishop-elector (1503–1511)
• Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads, Archbishop-elector (1511–1531)
• Johann von Metzenhausen, Archbishop-elector (1531–1540)
• Johann Ludwig von Hagen, Archbishop-elector (1540–1547)
• John of Isenburg-Grenzau, Archbishop-elector (1547–1556)
• Johann von der Leyen, Archbishop-elector (1556–1567)
• Jakob von Eltz-Rübenach, Archbishop-elector (1567–1581)
• Johann von Schönenberg, Archbishop-elector (1581–1599)
• Lothar von Metternich, Archbishop-elector (1599–1623)

Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

• Bentheim-Bentheim (complete list) –

• Eberwin II, Count (1473–1530)

• Bentheim-Lingen (complete list) –

• Otto, Count (1450–1508)
• Nicholas III, Count (1493–1508)
• Nicholas IV, Count (1508–1541)
• Conrad, Count (1541–1547)
• Maximilian, Count (1547–1548)
• Anna, Count (1548–1555)

• Bentheim-Steinfurt (complete list) –

• Arnold II, Count (1498–1544)
• Eberwin III, Count (1544–1562)
• Arnold III, Count (1562–1606)
• Anna of Tecklenburg, Regent (1562–1577)

• Bentheim-Tecklenburg (complete list) –

• Otto VIII, Count (1493–1526)
• Conrad of Bentheim-Lingen, Count (1526–1557)

• Bentheim-Tecklenburg(-Rheda) (complete list, complete list) –

• Arnold III, Count of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1562–1606)

• Duchy of Cleves, County of Mark (complete list, complete list) –

• John II the Pious, Duke of Cleves, Countof Mark (1481–1521)
• John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1521–1539)
• William the Rich, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1539–1592)
• John William, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1592–1609)

• County of Drenthe (complete list) –

• Georg Schenck van Toutenburg, Stadtholder (1536–1540)
• Maximilian of Egmont, Stadtholder (1540–1548)

For the succeeding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Essen Abbey (complete list) –

• Meina von Daun-Oberstein, Princess-Abbess (1489–1521)
• Margarete II von Beichlingen, Princess-Abbess (1521–1534)
• Sibylle von Montfort, Princess-Abbess (1534–1551)
• Katharina von Tecklenburg, Princess-Abbess (1551–1560)
• Maria von Spiegelberg, Princess-Abbess (1560–1561)
• Irmgard von Diepholz, Princess-Abbess (1561–1575)
• Elisabeth VI von Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein, Princess-Abbess (1575–1578)
• Elisabeth VII von Sayn, Princess-Abbess (1578–1588)
• Elisabeth VIII von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Princess-Abbess (1588–1598)
• Margarete Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Princess-Abbess (1598–1604)

• County of East Frisia (complete list) –

• Edzard I the Great, Count (1491–1528)
• Enno II, Count (1528–1540)
• Anna of Oldenburg, Regent (1540–1561)
• Johan II, Count (1561–1591)
• Edzard II, Count (1561–1599)
• Enno III, Count (1599–1625)

• Lordship of Groningen (complete list) –

• Cristoffel van Meurs, Stadtholder (1519–1522)
• Jasper van Marwijck, Stadtholder (1522–1530)
• Charles of Guelders, Stadtholder (1530–1536)
• Ludolf Coenders, Stadtholder (1536–?)
• Georg Schenck van Toutenburg, Stadtholder (1536–1540)
• Maximiliaan van Egmond, Stadtholder (1540–1548)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Duchy of Guelders (complete list) –

• Charles II, Duke (1492–1538)
• William II, Duke (1538–1543)
• Charles V, Duke (1543–1555)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Duchy of Guelders (complete list) –

• Guelders independent (1492–1504)
• Jan V of Nassau-Vianden-Diez, Stadtholder (1504–1505)
• Philip of Burgundy, Stadtholder (1505–1507)
• Floris van Egmond, Stadtholder (1507–1511)
• Guelders independent, Stadtholder (1511–1543)
• René of Châlon, Stadtholder (1543–1544)
• Philip de Lalaing|Philip de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1544–1555)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Upper Groningen under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Upper Guelders (complete list) –

• Reinier of Guelders, Stadtholder (1502–1522)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Upper Groningen under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Herford Abbey (complete list) –

• Bonizet of Limburg-Stirum, Abbess (1494–1524)
• Anna II of Limburg, Abbess (1524–1565)
• Margaret II of Lippe, Abbess (1565–1578)
• Felicitas I of Eberstein, Abbess (1578–1586)
• Magdalene I of Lippe, Abbess (1586–1604)

• Duchy of Limburg (complete list)

• Duchy of Limburg (1839–1867) (complete list)

• Limburg-Broich (complete list) –

• Limburg-Styrum-Borkelö (complete list) –

• Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst (complete list) –

• Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst-Borkelö (complete list) –

• Limburg-Styrum-Gemen (complete list) –

• Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim (complete list) –

• Limburg-Styrum-Styrum (complete list) –

• Duchy of Luxemburg (complete list) –

• Philip II, Duke (1482–1506)
• Charles III, Duke (1506–1556)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Luxemburg under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Duchy of Luxemburg (complete list) –

• Philip I de Croÿ, Stadtholder (?–1511)
• Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, Stadtholder (1545–1552, 1559–1604)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Luxemburg under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Prince-Bishopric of Münster (complete list) –

• Conrad II of Rietberg, Prince-bishop (1497–1508)
• Eric II of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-bishop (1508–1522)
• Frederick III, Prince-bishop (1522–1532)
• Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Prince-bishop (1532–1532)
• Francis von Waldeck, Prince-bishop (1532–1553)
• William of Ketteler, Prince-bishop (1553–1557)
• Bernhard of Raesfeld, Prince-bishop (1557–1566)
• John II of Hoya, Prince-bishop (1566–1574)
• John William, Prince-bishop (1574–1585)
• Ernest of Bavaria, Prince-bishop (1585–1612)

• Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück (complete list) –

• Konrad IV. Von Rietberg, Prince-bishop (1482–1508)
• Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Prince-bishop (1508–1532)
• Franz von Waldeck, Prince-bishop (1532–1553)
• Johann IV of Osnabrück, Prince-bishop (1553–1574)
• Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-bishop (1574–1585)
• Bernhard von Waldeck, Prince-bishop (1585–1591)
• Philip Sigismund, Prince-bishop (1591–1623)

• Lordship of Overijssel

• Lords –

• Charles II, Count (1528–1555)

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Overijssel with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip III, Count (1555–1581)

• Stadtholders (complete list) –

• Georg Schenck van Toutenburg, Stadtholder (1528–1540)
• Maximiliaan van Egmond, Stadtholder (1540–1548)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn (complete list) –

• Hermann IV of Hesse, Prince-bishop (1498–1508)
• Hermann of Wied, Prince-bishop (1532–1547)
• Rembert of Kerssenbrock, Prince-bishop (1547–1568)
• John II, Bishop of Paderborn, Prince-bishop (1568–1574)
• Salentin IX of Isenburg-Grenzau, Prince-bishop (1574–1577)
• Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-bishop (1577–1585)
• Dietrich IV, Bishop of Paderborn, Prince-bishop (1585–1618)

• County of Runkel (complete list) –

• John, Count (1460–1521)

• County of Sayn (complete list) –

• Gerard III, co-Count (1493–1506)
• Sebastian I, Count (1493–1598)
• John IV, co-Count (1498–1529)
• John V, co-Count (1529–1560)
• Sebastian II, co-Count (1529–1573)
• Adolph, co-Count (1560–1568)
• Herman, co-Count (1560–1571)
• Henry IV, co-Count (1560–1606)

• Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht (complete list) –

• Frederick IV of Baden, Prince-bishop (1496–1517)
• Philip of Burgundy (1517–1524)
• Henry of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1524–1528)

• Lordship of Utrecht

• Lords –

• Charles II, Count (1528–1555)

under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Utrecht with the other lordships of the Low Countries

• Philip III, Count (1555–1581)

• Stadtholders (complete list) –

• Antoon I van Lalaing, Stadtholder (1528–1540)
• René of Châlon, Stadtholder (1540–1544)
• Louis of Flanders, Stadtholder (1544–1546)
• Maximilian of Burgundy, Stadtholder (1547–1558)

For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Utrecht under the #Burgundian-Low Countries

• County of Wied (complete list) –

• William III, Count (1487–1526)
• John I, Count (1487–1533)
• Philip, Count (1533–1535)
• John II, Count (1535–1581)
• Herman I, Count (1581–1591)
• William IV, Count (1581–1612)
• Herman II, Count (1581–1631)

• County of Wied (complete list) –

• William III, Count (1487–1526)
• John I, Count (1526–1533)
• Philip, Count (1533–1535)
• John II, Count (1535–1581)
• Herman I, co-Count (1581–1591)
• William IV, co-Count (1581–1612)
• Herman II, Count (1581–1631)

Upper Rhenish

• Duchy of Bar (complete list) –

• René II, Duke (1483–1508)

• Prince-Bishopric of Basel (complete list) –

• Caspar von Mühlhausen, Prince-bishop (1479–1502)
• Christoph von Utenheim, Prince-bishop (1502–1527)
• Philippe von Gundelsheim, Prince-bishop (1527–1533)
• Melchior von Lichtenfels, Prince-bishop (1554–1575)
• Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee, Prince-bishop (1575–1608)

• Free City of Frankfurt (complete list) –

• Johann von Martorf, Mayor (1599–1600)
• Johann Ludwig von Glauburg, Mayor (1600–1601)

• Princely Abbey of Fulda (complete list) –

• Johann II of Henneberg-Schleusingen, Prince-abbot (1472–1513)
• Hartmann II. Burggraf von Kirchberg, Prince-abbot (1513–1521/29)
• Johann III. Graf von Henneberg-Schleusingen, Prince-abbot (1521/29–1541)
• Philipp Schenk zu Schweinsberg, Prince-abbot (1541–1550)
• Wolfgang Dietrich von Eusigheim, Prince-abbot (1550–1558)
• Wolfgang Schutzbar (named Milchling), Prince-abbot (1558–1567)
• Philipp Georg Schenk zu Schweinsberg, Prince-abbot (1567–1568)
• Wilhelm Hartmann von Klauer zu Wohra, Prince-abbot (1568–1570)
• Balthasar von Dernbach, Prince-abbot (1570–1606, but exiled 1576–1602)
• Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, Administrator (1576–1602)

• Landgraviate of Hesse (complete list) –

• William III the Middle, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (1493–1500), of Hesse (1500–1509)
• Philip I the Magnanimous, Landgrave (1509–1567)

• Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (complete list) –

• George I the Pious, Landgrave (1567–1596)
• Louis VI the Faithful, Landgrave (1596–1626)

• Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (complete list) –

• William IV the Wise, Landgrave (1567–1592)
• Maurice I the Learned, Landgrave (1592–1627)

• Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg –

• Louis IV the Elder, Landgrave (1567–1604)

• Landgraviate of Hesse-Rheinfels (complete list) –

• Philip II the Younger, Landgrave (1567–1583)

• Leiningen-Westerburg (complete list: de) –

• Reinhard I, Count (?–1522)
• Kuno II, Count (1522–1547)

• Westerburg-Leiningen-Westerburg (de:complete list) –

• Reinhard II, Count (1547–1584)
• Albrecht Philipp, Count (1584–1597)
• Johann Ludwig, Count (1597)

• Westerburg-Leiningen-Leiningen (complete list: de) –

• Philipp I, Count (1547–1597)
• Louis, Count (1597–1622)

• Leiningen-Schaumburg (de:complete list) –

• George I, Count (1547–1586)
• Philipp Jacob, Count (1586–1612)

• Leiningen-Hardenburg (de:complete list) –

• Emich VIII, Count (1495–1535)[1]
• Emich IX, Count (1535–1541)
• Johann Philipp I, Count (1539–1562)[1]
• Emich XII, Count (1562–1607)

• Duchy of Lorraine (complete list) –

• René II, Duke (1473–1508)
• Antoine, Duke (1508–1544)
• Francis I, Duke (1544–1545)
• Charles III, Duke (1545–1608)

• County of Nassau-Saarbrücken (complete list) –

• John Louis, Count (1472–1545)
• Philip II, Count (1545–1554)
• John III, Count (1554–1574)
• Philip IV, Count (1574–1602)

• Salm-Salm (complete list) –

• Nicholas Leopold (1738–1770)

• Solms-Braunfels (complete list) –

• Otto II, Count (1459–1504)
• Bernhard III, Count (1504–1547)
• Philipp, Count (1547–1581)
• Konrad, Count (1581–1592)
• Johann Albrecht I, Count (1592–1623)

• Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (complete list) –

• Ludwig of Helmstädt, Prince-bishop (1478–1504)
• Philip I of Rosenberg, Prince-bishop (1504–1513)
• George, Count Palatine by Rhine, Prince-bishop (1513–1529)
• Philip II of Flersheim, Prince-bishop (1529–1552)
• Rudolf of Frankenstein, Prince-bishop (1552–1560)
• Marquard Freiherr of Hattstein, Prince-bishop (1560–1581)
• Eberhard of Dienheim, Prince-bishop (1581–1610)

• County of Waldeck-Landau, Newer Line –

• John I, Count (1539–1567)
• Philip VI, Count (1567–1579)
• Francis III, Count (1579–1597)

• County of Waldeck-Eisenberg –

• Philip II, Regent (1475–1486), Count (1486–1524)
• Philip III, Count (1524–1539)
• Wolrad II, Count (1539–1578)
• Josias I, Count (1578–1588)
• Christian, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1588–1607), of Waldeck-Wildungen (1607–1637)

• County of Waldeck-Widlungen, Older Line –

• Henry VIII, Count of Waldeck-Waldeck (1475–1486), of Waldeck-Widlungen (1486–1512)
• Philipp IV, Count (1513–1574)
• Daniel, Count (1574–1577)
• Henry IX, Count (1577)
• Günther, Count (1577–1585)
• Wilhelm Ernst, Count (1585–1598)

• Prince-Bishopric of Worms (complete list) –

• Johann von Dalberg, Prince-bishop (1482–1503)
• Reinhard von Rüppurr, Prince-bishop (1503–1523)
• Henry of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1523–1552)
• Dietrich von Rothenstein, Prince-bishop (1552–1580)
• Georg von Schönenberg, Prince-bishop (1580–1595)
• Philipp von Rothenstein, Prince-bishop (1595–1604)

Lower Saxon

• Duchy/ Electorate of Saxony, Albertine (complete list) –

• George I the Bearded, Duke (1500–1539)
• Henry IV the Pious, Duke (1539–1541)
• Maurice I, Duke (1541–1547), Elector (1547–1553)
• Augustus, Elector of Saxony (1553–1586), Regent of Saxe-Weimar (1573–1586), Regent of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1586)
• Christian I, Elector (1586–1591)
• Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent (1591–c.1601)
• Christian II, Elector (1591–1611), Regent of Saxe-Altenburg (1603–1611)

• Saxe-Lauenburg (complete list) –

• John V, co-Duke (1439–1507)
• Magnus I, Duke (1507–1543)
• Francis I, Duke (1543–1571, 1573/74–1581)
• Magnus II, Duke (1571–1573/74)
• Augustus, co-Vicegerent (1578–1581), co-Administrator (1581–1586), co-Duke (1586–1612)
• Francis II, co-Vicegerent (1578–1581), co-Administrator (1581–1586), co-Duke (1586–1619)

• Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (complete list) –

• John III, Prince-archbishop (1497–1511)
• Christopher the Spendthrift, Prince-archbishop (1511–1542/1547, 1549–1558)
• George of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel line), Prince-archbishop (1558–1566 )
• Henry III, Prince-archbishop (1568–1585)
• John Adolphus of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-archbishop (1589–1596)
• John Frederick, Prince-archbishop (1596–1634)

• Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel/ Principality of Wolfenbüttel (complete list) –

• Henry the Elder, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1514), co-Prince of Calenberg (1491–1494)
• Henry V the Younger, Prince (1514–1568)
• Julius, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1568–1589), of Calenberg (1584–1589)
• Henry Julius, Prince of Wolfenbüttel, of Calenberg (1589–1613), of Grubenhagen (1596–1613)

• Principality of Calenberg (complete list) –

• Eric I, co-Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1494), Prince of Calenberg (1491–1540)
• Eric II, Prince (1545–1584)
• Julius, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1568–1589), of Calenberg (1584–1589)
• Henry Julius, Prince of Wolfenbüttel, of Calenberg (1589–1613), of Grubenhagen (1596–1613)

• Duchy of Gifhorn (complete list) –

• Francis, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1536–1539), Prince of Gifhorn (1539–1549)

• Principality of Grubenhagen (complete list) –

• Henry IV, Prince (1479–1526)
• Philip I, Prince (1486–1551)
• Ernest III, Prince (1551–1567)
• Wolfgang, Prince (1567–1595)
• Philip II, Prince (1595–1596)

annexed by Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

• Free City of Hamburg (complete list) –

• Johann Spreckelsen, Mayor (1512)
• Nicolaus Thode, Mayor (1517)
• Thidericus Hohusen, Mayor (1517)
• Mayorship unoccupied (1519–1520), Dietrich Hohusen, Second Mayor (1517–1546)[2]
• Erhard vom Holte, Mayor (1520–1529)[2]
• Hinrich Salsborg, Mayor (1523)
• Johann Hülpe, Mayor (1524)
• Johann Wetken, Mayor (1529–1533)[2]
• Paul Grote, Mayor (1531)
• Albert Westede, Mayor (1533–1538)[2]
• Johann Rodenborg, Mayor (1536)
• Peter von Spreckelsen, Mayor (1538–1553)[2]
• Jürgen Plate, Mayor (1546)
• Matthias Rheder, Mayor (1547)
• Ditmar Koel, Mayor (1548)
• Albert Hackmann, Mayor (1553–1580)[2]
• Mayorship unoccupied (1580–1581), Paul Grote, Second Mayor (1580–1584)[2]
• Lorenz Niebur, Mayor (1557)
• Hermann Wetken, Mayor (1564)
• Eberhard Moller, Mayor (1571)
• Paul Grote, Mayor (1580)
• Johann Niebur, Mayor (1557)[2]
• Nicolaus Vögeler, Mayor (1581)
• Joachim vom Kape, Mayor (1588)
• Diedrich von Eitzen, Mayor (1589)
• Mayorship unoccupied (1590–1591), Joachim von Kape, Second Mayor (1588–1594)[2]
• Erich von der Fechte, Mayor (1591–1613)[2]
• Joachim Bekendorp, Mayor (1593)
• Diederich vom Holte, Mayor (1595)
• Vincent Moller, Mayor (1599)

• Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim (complete list) –

• Berthold II of Landsberg, Prince-bishop (1481–1502)
• Eric II of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-bishop (1503–1504)
• John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-bishop (1504–1527)
• Balthasar Merklin, Prince-bishop (1527–1531)
• Otto IV of Schaumburg, Prince-bishop (1531–1537)
• Valentin von Teutleben, Prince-bishop (1537–1551)
• Frederick of Denmark, Prince-bishop (1551–1556)
• Burchard von Oberg, Prince-bishop (1557–1573)
• Ernest II of Bavaria, Prince-bishop (1573–1612)

• Duchy of Holstein (complete list) –

Kings of Denmark

• John, Duke (1481–1513)
• Frederick I, Duke (1490–1533)
• Christian II, Duke (1513–1523)
• Christian III, Duke of Holstein (1523–1544), Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1544–1559)

• Holstein-Glückstadt (complete list) –

Kings of Denmark

• Christian III, Duke of Holstein (1523–1544), Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1544–1559)
• Frederick II, Duke (1559–1588)
• Christian IV, Duke (1588–1648)

• Holstein-Gottorp (complete list) –

• Karl Peter Ulrich (1739–1762)

• Prince-bishopric of Lübeck (complete list) –

• Theodoric II, Prince-bishop (1492–1506)
• Wilhem Westphal, Prince-bishop (1506–1509)
• John VIII, Prince-bishop (1510–1523)
• Henry III, Prince-bishop (1523–1535)
• Detlev von Reventlow, Prince-bishop (1535–1535)
• Balthasar Rantzau, Prince-bishop (1536–1547)
• Jodokus Hodfilter, Prince-bishop (1547–1551)
• Theodoric III, Prince-bishop (1551–1554)
• sede vacante, Prince-bishop (1554–1556)
• Andreas von Barby, Prince-bishop (1556–1559)
• John IX, Prince-bishop (1559–1561)
• Eberhard II, Prince-bishop (1561–1586)
• John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-bishop (1586–1607)

• Free City of Lübeck (complete list) –

• Ludeke von Thünen, Mayor (1475–1501)
• Heinrich Brömse (Bürgermeister), Mayor (1487–1502)
• Hermann von Wickede II, Mayor (1489–1501)
• Johann Hertze († 1510), Mayor (1498–1510)
• Hartwig von Stiten († 1511), Mayor (1502–1511)
• Tideman Berck, Mayor (1501–1521)
• Heinrich Witte (Bürgermeister), Mayor (1513–1520)
• David Divessen (Bürgermeister), Mayor (1503–1509)
• Heinrich Castorp, Mayor (1512)
• Hermann Meyer (Bürgermeister), Mayor (1510–1528)
• Thomas von Wickede (1470–1527), Mayor (1511–1527)
• Hermann Falcke, Mayor (1522–1530)
• Nikolaus Brömse, Mayor (1520–1531; 1535–1543)
• Joachim Gercken, Mayor (1531–1544)
• Mattheus Packebusch, Mayor (1528–1532; 1534–1537)
• Hermann Plönnies, Mayor (1529–1531)
• Gotthard III. von Hoeveln, Mayor (1531–1552)
• Nikolaus Bardewik, Mayor (1544–1560)
• Anton von Stiten, Mayor (1540–1564)
• Gottschalck Lunte, Mayor (1531–1532)
• Jürgen Wullenwever, Mayor (1533–1535)
• Ludwig Taschenmaker, Mayor (1533–1535)
• Eberhard Störtelberg, Mayor (1545–1549)
• Paul Wibbeking, Mayor (1560)
• Ambrosius Meyer, Mayor (1551)
• Bartholomeus Tinnappel, Mayor (1564)
• Hermann Falke (Politiker), Mayor (1553)
• Christoph Tode, Mayor (1560–1566)
• Anton Lüdinghusen, Mayor (1562)
• Hieronymus Lüneburg, Mayor (1561)
• Heinrich Plönnies, Mayor (1572)
• Johann Brokes, Mayor (1573)
• Dietrich von Broemse, Mayor (1588)
• Hermann von Dorne (Politiker, 1535), Mayor (1579–1594)
• Hermann von Vechtelde, Mayor (1571–1572)
• Johann Lüdinghusen, Mayor (1580–1589)
• Joachim Lüneburg, Mayor (1581)
• Gotthard V. von Hoeveln, Mayor (1589)
• Arnold Bonnus, Mayor (1594)
• Hermann Warmboeke, Mayor (1589)
• Alexander Lüneburg (Politiker, 1560), Mayor (1599)
• Jakob Bording (Politician), Mayor (1600–1616)

• Principality of Lüneburg (complete list) –

• Henry the Middle, Prince (1486–1520)
• Otto of Harburg, co-Prince (1520–1527)
• Ernest I the Confessor, co-Prince (1520–1527), Prince (1520–1546)
• Francis, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1536–1539), Prince of Gifhorn (1539–1549)
• Francis Otto, Prince (1555–1559)
• Henry of Dannenberg, Prince (1559–1598)
• William the Younger, Prince (1559–1592)
• Ernest II, Prince (1592–1611)

• Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg and of Halberstadt (complete list) –

• Ernest II of Saxony, Prince-archbishop of Magdeburg (1475–1513), Administor of Halberstadt (1480–1513)
• Albert IV of Brandenburg, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1513–1545)
• John Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1545–1551)
• Frederick IV of Brandenburg, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1551–1552)
• Sigismund of Brandenburg, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1552–1566)
• Joachim Frederick, Prince-archbishop (1566–1598)
• Christian William of Brandenburg, Prince-archbishop (1598–1631)

• Mecklenburg (complete list) –

• Magnus II, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1477–1479), of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1503)
• Balthasar, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1507)
• Eric II, co-Duke (1503–1508)
• Albrecht VII the Handsome, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1520–1547)
• Henry V the Peaceful, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1520–1552)

• Duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (complete list) –

• Albrecht VII the Handsome, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1520–1547)
• John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1547–1552), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1556–1576)
• Ulrich I, Duke (1555–1603)

• Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (complete list) –

• Henry V the Peaceful, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1520–1552)
• Philip I, Duke (1552–1557)
• John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1547–1552), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1556–1576)
• Johann VII, Duke (1576–1592)
• John Albert II, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1592–1621), -Güstrow (1610–1621), Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1621–1628, 1631–1636)
• Adolf Frederick I, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1592–1621), -Güstrow (1610–1621), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1621–1628, 1631–1658)

• County of Oldenburg (complete list) –

• John V, Count (1500–1526)
• John VI, Count (1526–1529)
• George, Count (1526–1529)
• Christopher, Count (1526–1566)
• Anthony I, Count (1526–1573)
• John VII, Count (1573–1603)
• Anthony II, Count (1573–1619)

Upper Saxon

• Electorate/ Duchy of Saxony, Ernestine (complete list) –

• Frederick III the Wise, Elector (1486–1525)
• John I the Steadfast, Elector (1525–1532)
• John Frederick I, Elector (1532–1547), Duke (1547–1554)
• John Frederick II, Duke (1554–1566)
• Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxony (1566–1572), of Saxe-Weimar (1572–1573)

• Saxe-Weimar (complete list) –

• Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxony (1566–1572), of Saxe-Weimar (1572–1573)
• Augustus, Elector of Saxony (1553–1586), Regent of Saxe-Weimar (1573–1586), Regent of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1586)
• Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke (1573–1602)

• Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (complete list) –

• Augustus, Elector of Saxony (1553–1586), Regent of Saxe-Weimar (1573–1586), Regent of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1586)
• John Casimir, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Coburg (1596–1633)
• John Ernest I, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1596–1633), of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1633–1638)

• Saxe-Eisenach (complete list) –

• John Ernest I, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1596–1633), of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1633–1638)

• Saxe-Coburg (complete list) –

• John Casimir, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Coburg (1596–1633)

• Anhalt-Dessau (complete list) –

• George II the Strong, co-Prince (1474–1509)
• Rudolph I the Valiant, co-Prince (1474–1510)
• Ernest I, co-Prince (1474–1516)
• Margaret of Münsterberg, Regent (1516–1524)
• Joachim I, co-Prince (1516–1544), Prince (1544–1561)
• John IV, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Zerbst (1544–1551)
• George III, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1544–1553)
• Karl I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1561), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1561)
• Bernhard VII, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen (1562–1570)
• Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586)

• Anhalt-Köthen (complete list) –

• Waldemar VI, co-Prince (1471–1508)
• Adolph II, co-Prince (1475–1508)
• Magnus, co-Prince (1475–1508), Prince (1475–1508)
• Wolfgang the Confessor, Prince (1508–1562)
• Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586)

• Anhalt-Plötzkau (complete list) –

• George III, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1544–1553)
• Karl I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1561), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1561)
• Bernhard VII, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen (1562–1570)
• Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586)

• Anhalt-Zerbst (complete list) –

• John IV, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Zerbst (1544–1551)
• Karl I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1561), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1561)
• Bernhard VII, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen (1562–1570)
• Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586)

• Principality of Anhalt (complete list) –

• Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586)
• Bernhard von Anhalt, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1596)
• John Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1601)
• John George I, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Dessau (1603–1618)
• Rudolph II, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Zerbst (1603–1621)
• Christian I, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Bernburg (1603–1630)
• Louis I, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Köthen (1603–1650)
• Augustus, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1603–1653), Regent of Anhalt-Zerbst (1621–1642), of Anhalt-Köthen (1650–1653)

• Barby-Barby (complete list) –

• Burchard IV, Count of Barby-Barby (1493–1506)

• Barby-Mühlingen (complete list) –

• Electorate of Brandenburg (complete list) –

• Joachim I Nestor, Elector (1499–1535)
• Joachim II Hector, Elector (1535–1571)
• John George, Elector (1571–1598)
• Joachim Frederick, Elector (1598–1608)

• Brandenburg-Küstrin –

• John VIII, Margrave (1535–1571)

• Duchy of Pomerania, Pomerania-Wolgast, Pomerania-Barth (complete list) –

• Bogislaw X the Great, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin (1474–1478), of Pomerania (1478–1523)
• George I, co-Duke of Pomerania (1523–1531)
• Barnim IX the Pious, co-Duke of Pomerania (1523–1532), Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1532–1569)
• Philip I the Pious, co-Duke of Pomerania (1531–1532), Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1532–1560)
• Ernst Ludwig the Fair, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1569–1592)
• John Frederick the Strong, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1569–1600)
• Barnim X the Younger, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), Duke of Pomerania-Rügenwalde (1569–1603), of Pomerania-Stettin (1600–1603)
• Bogislaw XIII, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), co-Duke of Pomerania-Barth (1569–1603), of Pomerania-Stettin (1603–1606)
• Philip Julius, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1592–1625)

• Pomerania-Stettin, Pomerania-Rügenwalde (complete list) –

• Barnim IX the Pious, co-Duke of Pomerania (1523–1532), Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1532–1569)
• John Frederick the Strong, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1569–1600)
• Barnim X the Younger, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), Duke of Pomerania-Rügenwalde (1569–1603), of Pomerania-Stettin (1600–1603)

• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (complete list) –

• Johann Friedrich (1744–1767)

• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (complete list) –

• Heinrich XXXV (1740–1758)

• Stolberg-Stolberg (complete list) –

• Henry IX, Count of Stolberg-Stolberg (1455–1511)

• Landgraviate of Thuringia (complete list) –

• Frederick VI, Landgrave (1486–1525)
• John, Landgrave (1525–1532)
• John Frederick I, Landgrave (1532–1547)
• John Ernest, Landgrave (1542–1553)
• John Frederick II, Landgrave (1554–1566)
• John William, Landgrave (1554–1572)

Swabian

• Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg (complete list) –

• Friedrich von Hohenzollern, Prince-bishop (1486–1505)
• Heinrich von Lichtenau, Prince-bishop (1505–1517)
• Christoph von Stadion, Prince-bishop (1517–1543)
• Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-bishop (1543–1573)
• Johann Eglof von Knöringen, Prince-bishop (1573–1575)
• Marquard von Berg, Prince-bishop (1575–1591)
• Johann Otto von Gemmingen, Prince-bishop (1591–1598)
• Heinrich von Knöringen, Prince-bishop (1599–1646)

• Margraviate of Baden-Sausenberg (complete list) –

• Philip I, Margrave (1487–1503)

then inherited by Christoph I to unite Baden

• Margraviate of Baden/ Margraviate of Baden-Baden (complete list) –

• Christopher I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1475–1503), of Baden (1503–1515)
• Philip I, Margrave of Baden (1515–1533)
• Bernard III, co-Margrave of Baden (1515–1533), Margrave of Baden-Baden (1533–1536)
• Ernest I, co-Margrave of Baden (1515–1533), Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1533–1553)
• Franziska of Luxembourg-Ligny, Regent? (1536–1554)
• Philibert I, Margrave (1554–1569)
• Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, Regent (1569–c.1577)
• Philip III, Margrave (1569–1588)
• Edward Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (1575–1588), Margrave of Baden-Baden (1588–1596)
• Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1577–1604), of Baden-Baden (1594–1604), Regent of Baden-Hachberg (1590–1591)

• Margraviate of Baden-Durlach (or Baden-Pforzheim) (complete list) –

• Ernest I, co-Margrave of Baden (1515–1533), Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1533–1553)
• Bernard IV, Margrave (1552–1553)
• Charles II, Margrave (1553–1577)
• Louis VI, Elector Palatine, Regent (1577–1583)
• Anna of Veldenz, Regent (1577–1584)
• Louis III, Duke of Württemberg, Regents (1577–1584)
• Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1577–1604), of Baden-Baden (1594–1604), Regent of Baden-Hachberg (1590–1591)

• Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg (complete list) –

• James III, Margrave (1577–1590)
• Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1577–1604), of Baden-Baden (1594–1604), Regent of Baden-Hachberg (1590–1591)
• Ernest James, Margrave (1590–1591)

• Margraviate of Baden-Rodemachern (complete list) –

• Christopher II, Margrave (1556–1575)
• Edward Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (1575–1588), Margrave of Baden-Baden (1588–1596)
• Philip IV, Margrave (1588–1620)

• Prince-Bishopric of Constance (complete list) –

• Hugo von Hohenlandenberg, Prince-bishop (1496–1529; 1531/2)
• Balthasar Merklin, Prince-bishop (1530–1531)
• Johann von Lupfen, Prince-bishop (1532–1537)
• Johann von Weeze, Prince-bishop (1537–1548)
• Christoph Metzler, Prince-bishop (1549–1561)
• Mark Sittich von Hohenems, Prince-bishop (1561–1589)
• Margrave Andrew of Burgau, Prince-bishop (1589–1600)

• Prince-Provostry of Ellwangen (complete list) –

• Albrecht V of Rechberg, Prince-provost (1461–1502)
• Bernhard of Westerstetten, Prince-provost (1502–1503)
• Albrecht VI Thumb of Neuburg, Prince-provost (1503–1521)
• Henry of the Palatinate, Prince-provost (1551–1552)
• Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-provost (1553–1573)
• Christoph of Freyberg-Eisenberg, Prince-provost (1573–1584)
• Wolfgang of Hausen, Prince-provost (1584–1603)

• Fürstenberg-Baar (complete list) –

• Wolfgang, Count (1499–1509)
• Frederick III, Count (1509–1559)

• Gutenzell Abbey (de:complete list) –

• Walburga Gräter, Princess-abbess (c.1478–1503)
• Walburga Bugglin, Princess-abbess (fl.1504)
• Katharina Becht, Princess-abbess (fl.1516 1526)
• Barbara von Stotzingen, Princess-abbess (fl.1526–1527)
• Magdalena von Freyberg, Princess-abbess (fl.1532–1540)
• Maria von Landenberg, Princess-abbess (1542–1567)
• Maria Segesser von Brunegg, Princess-abbess (1567–1610)

• Hohenzollern-Hechingen (complete list) –

• Friedrich Ludwig (1735–1750)

• Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (complete list) –

• Joseph Friedrich (1715–1769)

• Princely Abbey of Kempten (complete list) –

• de:Johann von Riedheim 1481–1507)
• Johann Rudolf of Raitenau, Prince-abbot (1507–1523)
• de:Sebastian von Breitenstein 1523–1536)
• de:Wolfgang von Grünenstein 1536–1557)
• de:Georg von Gravenegg-Burchberg 1557–1571)
• Eberhard V of Stein, Prince-abbot (1571–1584)
• Adalbert IV of Hoheneck, Prince-abbot (1584–1587)
• de:Johann Erhard Blarer von Wartensee 1587–1594)
• Johann Adam Renner of Allmendingen, Prince-abbot (1594–1607)

• Lindau Abbey (de:complete list) –

• Amalia von Reischach, Princess-abbess (1491–1531)
• Katharina II von Bodmann, Princess-abbess (1531–1578)
• Barbara von der Breiten-Landenberg, Princess-abbess (1578–1614)

• Mindelheim (complete list) –

• Georg II, Lord (1478–1528)
• Casper, Lord (1528–1536)
• George III, Lord (1536–1559), Baron (1559–1586)

• Weingarten Abbey (complete list) –

• Hartmann von Knorringen-Burgau, Prince-abbot (1491–1520)
• Gerwig Blarer von Görsperg, Prince-abbot (1520–1567)
• Johann III Halblizel, Prince-abbot (1567–1575)
• Johann Christoph Rastner von Zellersberg, Prince-abbot (1575–1586)
• Georg Wegelin, Prince-abbot (1586–1627)

• Barony of Westerburg (complete list) –

• Reinhard IV, Baron (1453–1522)

• Duchy of Württemberg (complete list) –

• Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1498–1519, 1534–1550)
• Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1550–1568)
• Louis III, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1569–1593)
• Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1593–1608)

Swiss Confederacy

Italy

States of Italy in 1494.

• Duchy of Mantua (complete list) –

• Vincenzo I Gonzaga (1587–1612)

• Duchy of Milan (complete list) –

• Louis XII of France, Duke (1499–1512)
• Maximilian Sforza, Duke (1512–1515)
• Francis I of France, Duke (1515–1521)
• Francesco II Sforza, Duke (1522–1535)

In 1535 the vacant duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

• Philip, Prince of Asturias, Duke (1555–1598)

From 1556 to 1707 Milan was ruled in personal union with Spain.

• Papal States (complete list) –

• Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503)
• Pius III, Pope (1503)
• Julius II, Pope (1503–1513)
• Leo X, Pope (1513–1521)
• Adrian VI, Pope (1522–1523)
• Clement VII, Pope (1523–1534)
• Paul III, Pope (1534–1549)
• Julius III, Pope (1550–1555)
• Marcellus II, Pope (1555)
• Paul IV, Pope (1555–1559)
• Pius IV, Pope (1559–1565)
• Pius V, Pope (1566–1572)
• Gregory XIII, Pope (1572–1585)
• Sixtus V, Pope (1585–1590)
• Urban VII, Pope (1590)
• Gregory XIV, Pope (1590–1591)
• Innocent IX, Pope (1591)
• Clement VIII, Pope (1592–1605)

• Duchy of Parma (complete list) –

• Ottavio Farnese (1549–1586)

• Duchy of Savoy (complete list) –

• Philibert II, Duke (1497–1504)
• Charles III, Duke (1504–1553)
• Emmanuel Philibert, Duke (1553–1580)
• Charles Emmanuel I, Duke (1580–1630)

• Grand Duchy of Tuscany (complete list) –

• Ferdinando I de' Medici (1587–1609)

References

1. Ersch-Gruber:Leiningen.
2. "Erste Bürgermeister Hamburgs 1507–2008" (PDF). — (in German). Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg, Senatskanzlei. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2009.CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)