Zanesville, Ohio

Zanesville is a city in and the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States.[6] It is located 52 miles (84 km) east of Columbus. The population was 25,487 as of the 2010 census. Zanesville anchors the Zanesville Micropolitan Statistical Area (population 86,183) and is part of the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville Combined Statistical Area (population 2,508,498)

"Zanesville" redirects here. For other uses, see Zanesville (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Zanesfield, Ohio.

Zanesville, Ohio
City
The view of downtown Zanesville from Putnam Hill Park
Nickname(s): 
"City of Natural Advantages", "Y City", "Clay City", "Pottery Capital of the World", "The Y Bridge City"
Location of Zanesville in Muskingum County and the State of Ohio
Coordinates: 39°56′46″N 82°0′44″W
CountryUnited States
StateOhio
CountyMuskingum
Government
 • MayorDonald Mason
Area
 • Total12.13 sq mi (31.41 km2)
 • Land11.78 sq mi (30.50 km2)
 • Water0.35 sq mi (0.91 km2)
Elevation676 ft (206 m)
Population
 • Total25,487
 • Estimate 
(2019)[4]
25,158
 • Density2,136.20/sq mi (824.81/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
43701–43702
Area code(s)740
FIPS code39-88084[5]
GNIS feature ID1071002[2]
Websitewww.coz.org

History

Zanesville was named after Ebenezer Zane (1747–1811), who had blazed Zane's Trace, a pioneer trail from Wheeling, Virginia (now in West Virginia) to Maysville, Kentucky through present-day Ohio. In 1797, he remitted land as payment to his son-in-law, John McIntire (1759–1815), at the point where Zane's Trace met the Muskingum River. With the assistance of Zane, McIntire platted the town, opened an inn and ferry by 1799. In 1801, Zanesville was officially renamed, formerly Westbourne, the chosen name for the settlement by Zane.

From 1810–1812, the city was the second state capital of Ohio.[7] The National Road courses through Zanesville as U.S. Route 40. The city grew quickly in the 1820s–1850s. The city and the city of Putnam (eastern side of Muskingum River) from the 1840s until the Civil War broke out was part of the 'Underground Railroad'. In excess of 5,000 Union soldiers, along with hundreds of townsfolk, were stationed in the Zanesville area to protect the city in 1863 during Morgan's Raid. Novelist Zane Grey, a descendant of the Zane family, was born in the city.

In 1872 Zanesville annexed the adjacent community of Putnam. It is now the Putnam Historic District of Zanesville.[8]

The city was historically known as a center for pottery manufacturing; in the first half of the 20th century, more than a dozen potteries operated in the city and the surrounding areas.[9] Bolstered by ample local clay deposits and rivers, the area produced both art pottery and functional, utilitarian pottery.[9] Notable pottery manufacturers that operated in the area included the S.A. Weller Pottery Company, J. B. Owens Pottery Company, Roseville Pottery Company, American Encaustic Tiling Company, and the Mosaic Tile Company.[10] The city peaked economically in the 1950s, and like many cities experienced a post-industrial decline. The city today has a relatively high level of chronic poverty and unemployment and a relatively low level of labor force participation and educational attainment.[11]

In 2016, the Good Samaritan campus (hospital) and the Bethesda campus merged to form the enlarged Genesis hospital, located on Maple Avenue (Ohio Route 60); the Good Samaritan campus, located on Forest Avenue, was closed and demolished.

The city has two engineering landmarks: the Muskingum River Canal, designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark; and the Zanesville Y-Bridge, the only such structure in the United States in operation. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

"Lorena"

"Lorena" may have been the most popular song, on both sides by their campfires during the American Civil War. The song was based on an ill-advised love affair that took place in Zanesville in the late 1850s. The song has been sung in many Westerns/Civil War movies as well. John Ford used the song as background in many of his movies. Today, a sight-seeing sternwheeler named Lorena (summer/fall) cruises on the Muskingum River.[12]

Geography

Zanesville is located at 39°56′46″N 82°0′44″W (39.946049, −82.012150),[13] along the Muskingum River at its confluence with the Licking River. It is located 23 miles west of Cambridge and 52 miles east of Columbus. It is situated within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau.[14]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.14 square miles (31.44 km2), of which 11.77 square miles (30.48 km2) is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km2) is water.[15]

The area has important deposits of clay which were exploited by a number of pottery companies in the first half of the twentieth century. Famous companies included Roseville pottery, Weller pottery, the J. B. Owens Pottery Company, the Zanesville Stoneware Company, the Mosaic Tile Company, the American Encaustic Tiling Company, and the T.B. Townsend Brick Yard under the ownership of T.B. Townsend.

Climate
Climate data for Zanesville, Ohio (1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 37.1
(2.8)		 41.1
(5.1)		 51.4
(10.8)		 63.3
(17.4)		 72.2
(22.3)		 80.4
(26.9)		 83.7
(28.7)		 82.8
(28.2)		 76.0
(24.4)		 64.5
(18.1)		 52.9
(11.6)		 40.6
(4.8)		 62.2
(16.8)
Average low °F (°C) 20.5
(−6.4)		 22.9
(−5.1)		 30.1
(−1.1)		 39.7
(4.3)		 49.0
(9.4)		 58.0
(14.4)		 62.2
(16.8)		 60.6
(15.9)		 52.9
(11.6)		 41.7
(5.4)		 33.5
(0.8)		 24.6
(−4.1)		 41.3
(5.2)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.66
(68)		 2.17
(55)		 3.00
(76)		 3.44
(87)		 4.19
(106)		 4.04
(103)		 3.79
(96)		 3.23
(82)		 3.01
(76)		 2.61
(66)		 3.14
(80)		 2.58
(66)		 37.86
(961)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.2
(18)		 4.2
(11)		 3.8
(9.7)		 1.6
(4.1)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 .1
(0.25)		 .9
(2.3)		 3.4
(8.6)		 21.2
(53.95)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.4 10.9 12.2 13.0 13.2 11.3 10.6 9.5 8.9 9.6 11.2 12.7 136.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 7.7 4.5 3.7 .8 0 0 0 0 0 .1 1.5 4.2 22.5
Source: NOAA[16]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1800474—
18101,154143.5%
18202,05277.8%
18303,09450.8%
18404,76654.0%
18507,92966.4%
18609,22916.4%
187010,0118.5%
188018,11380.9%
189021,00916.0%
190023,53812.0%
191028,02619.1%
192029,5695.5%
193036,44023.2%
194037,5002.9%
195040,5178.0%
196039,077−3.6%
197033,045−15.4%
198028,655−13.3%
199026,778−6.6%
200025,586−4.5%
201025,487−0.4%
Est. 201925,158[4]−1.3%
Sources:[17][18][19]

In the 1950s, Zanesville was known for its population of light-skinned blacks who could "pass" (be admitted to whites-only places). This characteristic was due to a history of racial intermixing dating back to the role of Zanesville as a stop on the Underground Railroad.[20]

2010 census

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 25,487 people, 10,864 households, and 6,176 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,165.4 inhabitants per square mile (836.1/km2). There were 12,385 housing units at an average density of 1,052.3 per square mile (406.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.4% White, 9.7% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 10,864 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 25,586 people, 10,572 households, and 6,438 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,276.8 people per square mile (878.9/km2). There were 11,662 housing units at an average density of 1,037.8 per square mile (400.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 85.48% White, 10.76% African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 2.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 10,572 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,642, and the median income for a family was $31,932. Males had a median income of $27,902 versus $20,142 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,192. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
The Muskingum River Canal, a major transportation artery in Zanesville in the nineteenth century

The city is served by Zanesville Municipal Airport, built during World War II, and opened near the end. It has two 5,000-foot runways. The airport had commercial flights from the late 1940s until the early 1970s.

The city is also served by several railroad lines.

Interstate 70 (I-70), a major east–west interstate highway, passes through the city. Closely paralleling I-70 is US 40, which roughly follows the route of the original National Road. From the southwest, another US highway, US 22, approaches from Cincinnati. US 22 and US 40 run concurrently east of Zanesville to Cambridge in neighboring Guernsey County, where they split. From there, US 22 continues on a northeasterly course to Steubenville, Pittsburgh, and eventually to the New York City area. US 40 mainly remains close to I-70, and continues eastward to Wheeling, West Virginia, Baltimore, Maryland, and finally its eastern terminus, Atlantic City, New Jersey.

North-south state highways 60 and 93 (which were originally state highways 77 and 75, respectively, being renumbered when Interstates with the same numbers were built in Ohio) also pass through Zanesville. Other state routes include 666, 555, 719, and 146.

The main hub in town is Maple Avenue, a north–south thoroughfare roughly connecting the downtown area to newer retail centers on the north edge of the city. Some other major roads include Maysville Avenue, which is a north–south route from the historic Putnam Avenue district through South Zanesville toward Maysville; being routes US 22 and Ohio 93. East Pike and West Pike is route 40 on either side of Zanesville. East Pike is also US 22 and it courses from downtown through the village of New Concord. West Pike courses from Western Zanesville through the West Muskingum area.

Other moderately busy roads include Main Street (US 40, 22 and OH 60, 93) 6th Street (US 22 and OH 60), North 7th Street, Sharon Avenue (OH 146), Wayne Avenue (OH 60), 9th Street, Underwood Street (OH 60 and 146), Putnam Avenue (US 22 and OH 146), Adair Avenue (OH 60 and 146), Newark Road (OH 146), Dresden Road, Northpointe Drive, Linden Avenue, State Street, Military Road, Pine Street, Pershing Road, Maple Avenue (OH 60), and Marietta Street.

Moreover, Zanesville has three historic neighborhoods: Putnam, McIntire, and the Brighton area.

Downtown

The boundary for downtown to the north is Interstate 70, the canal to the south, Underwood Street to the east, the Y Bridge and the Muskingum River to the west.

After the Civil War, the city grew in size and gained prominence in the State for manufacturing and textiles. The city was also notoriously known for its bootlegging activities in the Prohibition era. From the 1820s until the 1970s, Downtown Zanesville was the premiere economic center of the city with various factories, offices, small to large stores, many small/large hotels, over a dozen stage/movie theaters, near twenty churches, and nearby neighborhoods (largely of Irish or German ethnicity). Since the 1970s, the downtown has been on the decline with mainly banks, law offices, churches and small shops, but the city continues to work on its image and business potential.

The Y-shaped bridge is located downtown and enables locals to give tourists directions that include "turning left or right" in the middle of the bridge. The Y-Bridge has been an aviation landmark for many years. Amelia Earhart was quoted as saying, "Zanesville is the easiest recognized city from the air because of the Y- Bridge."[21]

The Muskingum County Courthouse is located in Zanesville on US Route 40, the National Road and Main Street. The bell in the courthouse was manufactured by the same company that made the Liberty Bell.

Muskingum County Courthouse, Zanesville

Lock #10 located in Downtown Zanesville features a unique "double lock". The Muskingum River Parkway and its 160-year-old navigation system were designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in July 2001. Other landmarks so designated are the Hoover Dam, the Empire State Building and the Golden Gate Bridge.

A growing colony of artists (10 locations) is located throughout downtown Zanesville. Two galleries opened on Main Street in November 2007. The Zanesville police station and fire station are also in downtown.

Outdoor art is sited at many locations. A variety of murals depict the city's local heritage and honor war veterans. The newest mural (7th & Market Streets) is a panorama of downtown with an emphasis on the notable Y-Bridge. The John McIntire Library has an outdoor rubbing wall that tells the history of Zanesville and Muskingum County. The wall features custom ceramic tiles with historical inserts.

The Freight Shops on Market Street offer a unique setting for diners and shoppers. Located in the heart of the Zanesville railroad yard area, the Freight Shops are housed in one of the two remaining railroad structures that once supported freight and passenger services to travelers from around the world.

To the northeast of downtown, many restaurants line Underwood Street. In that area are also several hotels. The sternwheeler Lorena is docked along the Muskingum River to the west. Rides and dinners are available on it during the warmer months.

Secrest Auditorium is located on Shinnick and 5th streets. It has various performers yearly. Across 5th Street is the John McIntire Library, also home to the Muskingum County Historical Society's records.

Zanesville Y-Bridge
Main article: Y-Bridge (Zanesville, Ohio)
The Zanesville Y-Bridge, seen from a high bluff south of the river confluence.

A three-way bridge called the "Y-Bridge" spans the confluence of the Licking and the Muskingum rivers. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is one of very few bridges of its type in the United States. The unique shape of a three-way bridge makes it easy to identify from an airplane. Pilot Amelia Earhart described Zanesville, Ohio as "the most recognizable city in the country" because of its Y-shaped bridge. It has been rebuilt numerous times since the 1850s. Visitors to the city are often surprised when they receive directions including the statement, "Drive to the middle of the bridge and turn right." New York City's Triborough Bridge spanning the confluence of the East River, Harlem River, and Bronx Kill has some topographic similarities to the Y Bridge, but it consists of three separate bridges which meet at an island junction in the middle of the water.

Government

The city government is a Mayor/Council (10 members) elected form of government. Zanesville Police Department was formed in 1865 with 6 officers. Today the department has over 55 officers and 40 more support staff. The City Fire Department became fully paid staff in 1879. This department today has over 45 members working 24 on & 48 hours off, staffing 3 stations.

Education

Schools

Colleges
  • Ohio University-Zanesville (OUZ) is a branch campus of Ohio University. The branch was in the high school building from 1946 until the current campus opened in 1969.
  • Zane State College, formerly known as Muskingum Area Technical College, is adjacent to OUZ founded in 1969.
  • Muskingum University is located in nearby New Concord.

Library
  • Zanesville is served by the Muskingum County Library System.

Notable people
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References
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  2. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  4. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  5. "FIPS Common Codes for Ohio". Archived from the original on September 5, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  6. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  7. http://columbia.tfd.com/Zanesville Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. National Park Service. "Putnam Historic District". Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  9. Maria Schneider, Pottery Town, Cincinnati Magazine (November 2003), p. 34.
  10. Louise Purviance, Evan Purviance & Norris Franz Schneider, Zanesville Art Pottery in Color (Mid-America: 1968).
  11. Evan Peter Smith, Breaking a cycle of decline, Zanesville Times Recorder (October 2, 2015).
  12. Diamond, iTrack llc, Brian. "Zanesville-Muskingum County Visitors Bureau". visitzanesville.info. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  13. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  14. "Level III Ecoregions of Ohio". National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
  15. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  16. "Station Name: OH ZANESVILLE MUNI AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  17. "Number of Inhabitants: Ohio" (PDF). 18th Census of the United States. U.S. Census Bureau. 1960. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  18. "Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  19. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  20. ""City of Lost Boundaries", Jet, Nov 22, 1951". Archived from the original on January 14, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  21. City of Zanesville Website Archived 2007-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, accessed February 15, 2008.
  22. "Kurt Abott". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  23. "Carlisle, Una Mae (1915–1956), Songwriters, Jazz Musicians, Jazz Singers, Pianists". oxfordindex.oup.com. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  24. "COX, Samuel Sullivan, (1824 - 1889)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  25. "GAYLORD, James Madison, (1811 - 1874)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  26. "Study for Woolworth Building, New York". World Digital Library. December 10, 1910. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  27. "Richard Kelly: Defining a Modern Architecture of Light" (PDF). ERCO Lichtbericht. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  28. "Kevin Martin". Basketball=Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  29. American National Biography, v.16, p.693: "Raised in Zanesville, Ohio from age ten ..."
  30. "Jay Payton". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
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