Upernavik Archipelago

Upernavik Archipelago is a vast coastal archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, off the shores of northeastern Baffin Bay. The archipelago extends from the northwestern coast of Sigguup Nunaa peninsula in the south at approximately 71°50′N 56°00′W[1] to the southern end of Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq) in the north at approximately 74°50′N 57°30′W.[2]

Upernavik Archipelago
Upernavik Archipelago
Geography
LocationBaffin Bay, Greenland
Coordinates73°20′N 56°10′W
ArchipelagoUpernavik Archipelago
Major islandsNutaarmiut, Maniitsoq, Qeqertaq
Length350 km (217 mi)
Width55 km (34.2 mi)
Administration
Greenland
MunicipalityAvannaata
Demographics
Population(see below)

History

The archipelago belongs to the earliest-settled areas of Greenland, the first migrants arriving approximately 2.000 years B.C.E.[3] All southbound migrations of the Inuit passed through the area, leaving behind a trail of archeological sites.[4] The early Saqqaq culture diminished in importance around 1.000 BCE, followed by the migrants of Dorset culture, who spread alongside the coast of Baffin Bay,[3] being in turn displaced by the Thule people in the 13th and 14th centuries. The area has been continuously inhabited since then.

Today the Upernavik Archipelago is sparsely populated, despite the relatively high number of settlements scattered across its entire length. All but one of these settlements are located on the islands.[5] Upernavik town is the largest settlement with 1,129 inhabitants as of 2010, formally founded in 1772[4] by the Danes during the colonization era.

Children of Upernavik town on their first day in class.
View of Upernavik in 1890.

Geography

The coastline of Greenland is deeply indented in this region, markedly different from that of the Nuussuaq Basin[6] of Uummannaq Fjord and Nuussuaq Peninsula. In the northern part of the archipelago, the coastal mountains disappear altogether, with the Greenland ice sheet (Greenlandic: Sermersuaq) reaching the sea level across nearly the entire length of the perennially frozen Melville Bay.[1]

Islands
See also: List of islands of Greenland

Nutaarmiut Island is the largest in the archipelago, followed by Maniitsoq and Qeqertaq. These are some of the islands of the group:

Aappilattoq (Upernavik Icefjord)  • Aappilattoq (Tasiusaq Bay)  • Akia  • Akuliaruseq  • Amarortalik  • Amitsorsuaq  • Anarusuk  • Apparsuit  • Atilissuaq  • Aukarnersuaq  • Ateqanngitsorsuaq  • Horse Head  • Ikerasakassak  • Ikermoissuaq  • Ikermiut  • Illunnguit  • Innaarsuit  • Inussullissuaq  • Iperaq  • Itissaalik  • Kangaarsuk  • Karrat  • Kiatassuaq  • Kiataussaq  • Kingittorsuaq  • Kullorsuaq  • Maniitsoq  • Mattaangassut • Mernoq  • Naajaat  • Nako  • Nasaussaq  • Nuluuk  • Nunaa  • Nunatarsuaq  • Nutaarmiut  • Nutaarmiut (Tasiusaq Bay)  • Nuuluk  • Paagussat  • Paornivik  • Puugutaa  • Qaarsorsuaq  • Qaarsorsuatsiaq  • Qallunaat  • Qaneq  • Qaqaarissorsuaq  • Qasse  • Qeqertaq  • Qeqertarsuaq (Kangerlussuaq Icefjord)  • Qeqertarsuaq (Nasaussap Saqqaa)  • Qeqertarsuaq (Upernavik Icefjord)  • Qullikorsuit  • Saarlia  • Saattoq  • Saattorsuaq  • Saattup Akia  • Sanningassoq  • Saqqarlersuaq  • Singarnaq-Annertussoq  • Sisuarsuit  • Sugar Loaf  • Taartoq  • Tasiusaq  • Timilersua  • Tukingassoq  • Tussaaq  • Tuttorqortooq  • Uigorlersuaq  • Uilortussoq  • Upernavik

Settlements
Geography of the Upernavik Archipelago, with marked settlement locations

From north to south, the following are the towns and villages in the archipelago:

SettlementLat. NLong. WArea
km²		Pop.
2010		Notes
Kullorsuaq74°34′45″57°13′05″3.36436The northernmost and the second largest settlement
Nuussuaq74°06′40″57°03′40″...204The only settlement on the mainland
Nutaarmiut73°31′08″56°25′35″1.5136The smallest settlement
Tasiusaq73°22′08″56°03′20″73.65248
Innaarsuit73°12′00″56°00′40″...161
Naajaat73°08′35″55°48′25″1.2750
Aappilattoq72°53′00″55°36′00″39.53180
Upernavik72°47′13″56°08′50″2.421129The only town of any size and a cultural center; host to the only airport in the area.
Kangersuatsiaq72°22′47″55°33′00″1.44186
Upernavik Kujalleq72°09′16″55°31′29″250.03204The southernmost settlement, located on Qeqertaq, the largest inhabited island

Panoramic views
Aappilattoq, one of several island settlements in the archipelago
Panorama of Naajaat, the second-smallest settlement
Upernavik Kujalleq is the southernmost settlement

Economy
Muskox head on display in Upernavik Kujalleq

Fishing is the mainstay of the area,[3] although the more northern settlements still rely on traditional hunting of fur seals, walruses, and whales to supplement the family economy. In that, the northern region is culturally linked with the far north of Greenland, the Qaanaaq region.

Outside of Upernavik town, the average level of income is amongst the lowest in Greenland. Four of the settlements in the archipelago (Naajaat, Nuussuaq, Kullorsuaq, and Upernavik Kujalleq) are listed in the top 10 poorest within Greenland.[7]

Transport

Air
Air Greenland services the settlements with a Bell 212 helicopter
The supply ship Vestlandia of Royal Arctic Line is the lifeline link for the archipelago

Air Greenland operates government contract flights to nearly all villages in the Upernavik archipelago. These mostly cargo flights are not featured in the timetable of the airline,[8] although they can be pre-booked.[9] Departure times for these flights as specified during booking are by definition approximate, with the settlement service optimized on the fly depending on local demand for a given day. Upernavik is the only settlement with an airport.

SettlementAerodromeDestinations
AappilattoqAappilattoq HeliportUpernavik
InnaarsuitInnaarsuit HeliportTasiusaq, Upernavik
KangersuatsiaqKangersuatsiaq HeliportUpernavik, Upernavik Kujalleq
KullorsuaqKullorsuaq HeliportNuussuaq, Upernavik
NuussuaqNuussuaq HeliportKullorsuaq, Upernavik
TasiusaqTasiusaq HeliportInnaarsuit, Upernavik
UpernavikUpernavik AirportAappilattoq, Ilulissat, Innaarsuit, Kangersuatsiaq, Kullorsuaq, Nuussuaq, Qaanaaq, Qaarsut, Tasiusaq, Upernavik Kujalleq
Upernavik KujalleqUpernavik Kujalleq HeliportKangersuatsiaq, Upernavik

Sea

Until 2006, Arctic Umiaq Line had provided ferry services from Upernavik to Nuuk, calling at Uummannaq, Ilulissat, and Aasiaat within the Avannaata and Qeqertalik municipalities.[4] M/S Sarpik Ittuk−which serviced Disko Bay, Uummannaq Fjord and Upernavik−was sold in 2006 to Nova Cruising, a company from the Bahamas.[10] Since then the ferry services of AUL are available only southwards from Ilulissat, operated with the remaining ship, M/S Sarfaq Ittuk.

Cargo/passenger boat Vestlandia of Royal Arctic Line links Upernavik with Uummannaq.[11] Tourism is very undeveloped, but charter boats for individual travellers and small groups are available in all settlements.

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References
  1. Nunavik, Saga Map, 1:250.000, Tage Schjøtt, 1992
  2. Upernavik Avannarleq, Saga Map, 1:250.000, Tage Schjøtt, 1992
  3. greenland-guide.gl
  4. O'Carroll, Etain (2005). Greenland and the Arctic. Lonely Planet. pp. 196–199. ISBN 1-74059-095-3.
  5. Upernavik, Saga Map, 1:250.000, Tage Schjøtt, 1992
  6. De Nationale Geologiske Undersøgelser for Danmark og Grønland (GEUS)
  7. Sermitsiaq, 2009/04/17 (in Danish)
  8. "Air Greenland, Departures and Arrivals". Archived from the original on 2010-03-09. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
  9. "Air Greenland, fare system rules". Archived from the original on 2010-07-13. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
  10. inforMARE
  11. RAL, Vestlandia schedule Archived 2011-07-03 at the Wayback Machine (in Danish)
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