Tolyatti

Tolyatti (Russian: Толья́тти, IPA: [tɐlʲˈjætʲ(ː)ɪ]), also known in Italian as Togliattigrad and English as Togliatti in honor of Palmiro Togliatti, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. Population: 719,632 (2010 Census);[8] 702,879 (2002 Census);[9] 630,543 (1989 Census).[10] It is the largest city in Russia which does not serve as the administrative center of a federal subject.[8]

Preobrazhensky Sobor - Transfiguration Cathedral, Tolyatti
Tolyatti

Тольятти
City[1]
Clockwise from top: The Tatishchev Monument, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, City Hall of Tolyatti, The administration building of AvtoVAZ.
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Tolyatti
Tolyatti
Location of Tolyatti
Tolyatti
Tolyatti (Europe)
Coordinates: 53°30′32″N 49°25′20″E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectSamara Oblast[2]
Founded1737
Government
 • BodyCity Duma
 • MayorSergey Antashev
Elevation
90 m (300 ft)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2018)[3]
707,408
 • Subordinated tocity of oblast significance of Tolyatti[2]
 • Capital ofStavropolsky District[1], city of oblast significance of Tolyatti[2]
 • Urban okrugTolyatti Urban Okrug[4]
 • Capital ofTolyatti Urban Okrug[4], Stavropolsky Municipal District[4]
Time zoneUTC+4 (MSK+1 [5])
Postal code(s)[6]
445xxx
Dialing code(s)+7 8482[7]
OKTMO ID36740000001
Websitetgl.ru

Internationally, the city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada), which was founded in 1966. It was previously known as Stavropol-on-Volga (until 1964).[11]

History

It was founded in 1737 as a fortress called Stavropol (Ста́врополь) by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev.[12] Informally it was often referred as Stavropol-on-Volga (Ста́врополь-на-Во́лге, Stavropol-na-Volge) to distinguish from Stavropol, a large city in southwest Russia, although Stavropol-on-Volga was never its official name.[13][14]

The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was chosen as the location of the new VAZ automobile plant - a joint venture between Fiat and the Soviet government. It was thus renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party, who had been instrumental in setting up the venture with Fiat). Much of the modern city was constructed in the 1960s to house the workers of the factory, and today, AvtoVAZ dominates the economy of the city.

Administrative and municipal status
City divisions
  Avtozavodsky City District
  Tsentralny (Central) City District
  Komsomolsky City District

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tolyatti serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District,[1] even though it is not a part of it.[15] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[2] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Tolyatti is incorporated as Tolyatti Urban Okrug.[4]

City divisions

For the administrative purposes, the city is divided into three districts:

  • Avtozavodsky (Автозаво́дский), also called Novy Gorod (literally New City), is the most modern; it was designed to host the workers of the city's AvtoVAZ factory, home of the Lada car;
  • Tsentralny (Центра́льный), also called Stary Gorod (lit. Old City), home of the city government and industrial center;
  • Komsomolsky (Комсомо́льский), the oldest district, built to house Hydroelectrical Plant builders.

Economy
AvtoVAZ administration building

The city's main claim to fame has been automobiles Lada (Zhiguli) manufactured by AvtoVAZ car plant employing some 110,000 people: in cooperation with Italy's Fiat since 1970, with General Motors since 2001[16] and with the Renault-Nissan Alliance since 2012.

Other industries have moved into Tolyatti because it is close to abundant supplies of electricity and water. Petrochemicals are well represented in the city. Among the significant enterprises based there are "TogliattiAzot" (Russia's biggest ammonia manufacturer headed by Sergei Makhlai) and "KuibyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer manufacturer and Russia's biggest caprolactam and polyamide producer). Other industries include building materials production, ship repair and electrical equipment and electronics.

In 2011 the Tolyatti Special Economic Zone was launched in order to develop the region further and diversify the economy of the city. Several auto-component producers (German Mubea and Japanese Sanoh among them) have since been registered, as well as large industrial manufacturers (Praxair and Edscha). By November 2012 the value of project investment totalled 10 billion Rubles and around 3000 jobs were being created.[17]

Transportation
River port on the Volga

The transport system is well developed in the city. Public transport includes municipal buses and trolley-buses, and so-called "alternative" (commercial) transport or marshrutkas.

External transport routes are provided by two bus stations, two railway stations and a city harbour. Tolyatti has its airport as well, but it is used by personal aircraft only (the nearest international airport, Kurumoch, is located 40 km away, towards Samara). The city is linked to the federal road network by the M5 "Ural" highway.

As one of Russia's "motor cities", Tolyatti's car population has been greatly expanded, and traffic jams are common during morning and evening rush hours — Samara Oblast was one of the first regions to receive an additional licence plate code because its existing code did not have enough numbers for all its residents' cars.

Culture, education, and sports
Olimp Sport Palace

The creation of the Kuybyshev Reservoir in the 1950s destroyed much of the city's history, so almost all the city's cultural points of interest date from the Soviet period, but the city administration has continued to build new monuments and cathedrals. A recent notable event was the 1998 opening of the large Tatishchev Monument near the Volga. The Transfiguration Cathedral was completed in 2002.

Education

Education is represented by over one hundred public and ten private schools, as well as several higher education institutions. Most notable ones include:

  • Tolyatti State University (Тольяттинский государственный университет, ТГУ)
  • Volga Region State University of Service (Поволжский государственный университет сервиса, ПВГУС)
  • Tatishchev University of Volga (Волжский университет имени В. Н. Татищева, ВУиТ)
  • Tolyatti Academy of Management (Тольяттинская академия управления, ТАУ)
School number 13

Museums
  • Tolyatti Technical Museum
  • AvtoVAZ Museum (Lada automobiles)
  • Tolyatti museum of local lore

Sports

In the eyes of the Soviet leaders, Tolyatti was a perfect Soviet city (since most population migrated here during the construction of AvtoVAZ factories) – many sports facilities appeared so that the "perfect Soviet person" could be healthy. The city has high-quality sports facilities: gymnasiums, swimming pools, ice arenas, association football and racing stadiums — as a result, many athletes, including Olympic Champion Alexei Nemov, Stanley Cup winners Alexei Kovalev and Ilya Bryzgalov had moved to Tolyatti. Former Montreal Canadiens defenseman Alexei Emelin, and former Washington Capitals winger Viktor Kozlov and defenseman Alexei Tezikov were born there. in addition, Daria Kasatkina,a professional tennis player, was born there.[18]


Tolyatti is represented in almost every kind of team sports. Tolyatti's Lada-sponsored Ice Hockey Club broke the Moscow teams' domination of the game. The Lada women's football team has won the Russian championship several times — and the Lada women's handball team, who are the Russian and European Champions, is the core for Russian national women's handball. Men's football (FC Lada Togliatti and FC Togliatti), basketball, speedway and handball teams also take part in national championships. As for the traditional national sport of Russia, bandy, there is a team founded in 2013, TOAZ,[19] which however only takes part in a recreational league.

Parks and monuments
See also: List of monuments of Tolyatti
Loyalty Monument: Kostya looks east across Lev Yashin Street and down South Highway

Tolyatti has many parks, and many of these contain monuments of cultural, historical, and aesthetic interest. Examples include Victory Park with its Victory Monument and other monuments, Liberty Square with its Obelisk of Glory and other monuments, Central Park with its Mourning Angel (a memorial to victims of Soviet repression), large statue of Lenin, and other monuments, and other parks.

And there are other monuments outside the parks. The City Duma has been energetic in creating or designating historical and cultural monuments, ranging from the colossal equestrian Tatishchev Monument to the tumbledown Repin House and a monument to a faithful dog, and many other types.

Media

There are a number of local newspapers published in Tolyatti: Ploshchad Svobody, Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye (Tolyatti Observer), business newspaper "Monday" ("Ponedelnik"), Volny Gorod, Gorodskiye Vedomosti, and a few others. In the end of the 1990s, Tolyattinskoye Obozreniye published a series of articles on a local crime group. The stories drew attention to the group's connections with the local police.[20][21] Subsequently, Togliatti Review saw two of its editors (Valery Ivanov and Alexei Sidorov) killed in 2002–2003.[22][23][24][25]

The only local-born FM-band radio station is Radio August (Радио Август) at 70.64 and 102.3 MHz.

Religion

Tolyatti is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious city. Most of all in the city of Orthodox Christians. Muslims are the second largest group of believers.[26]

Crime

October 2007 bomb attack

During the morning rush hour of 31 October 2007, a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in the city, killing at least eight people and injuring about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor's office, said could be a terrorist attack.[27] At the beginning of the investigation, it was believed to be the work of terrorists from the North Caucasus.[28] Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov.[29] However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in the blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.[30]

Organized crime

The city also has a reputation for gang violence.[31][32]

Violent crimes

The city has witnessed a mafia killing spree: there have been 550 commissioned killings in Tolyatti over 1998–2004, five of those murdered were journalists.[33]

Three chief architects of Tolyatti were victims of violent crimes: Valery Lopatin was shot to death on July 7, 2004, Mikhail Syardin and Aleksander Kiryakov were also injured in violent attacks.[34]

A former city mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin (Сергей Жилкин), was murdered on November 15, 2008.[35]

On December 13, 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker of Duma of Samara Oblast, a former head of administration of Tsentralny City District of Tolyatti in 1991-1997 and Tolyatti mayor candidate in 2004, was attacked on a street and left with serious head injuries. He died in hospital on February 24, 2009.[36]

Corruption

The city's mayor in 2000–2007, Nikolay Utkin (Николай Уткин), was sentenced to seven years in prison on corruption charges.[37][38]

Local government

Mayor Antashev Sergey Alexandrovich was born on December 16, 1959 in the city of Saransk, Mordovia. In 1994 he moved to Tolyatti, was accepted to the post of director of the heating network enterprise of TEVIS. In 2000 he graduated from the International Market Institute with a degree in Management. From 2000 to April 9, 2012 - Marketing Director - Energy Sales Director of TEVIS. Deputy of the Duma of the city district of Togliatti IV (from 2005 to 2009) and V (from 2008 to 2012) convocations. From April 2012 to February 2015, he served as deputy mayor of the city of Tolyatti on urban economy. On April 12, 2017, the Tolyatti City Council appointed Sergey Antashev as the mayor of the city.[39]

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Tolyatti is twinned with:[40]

Partner cities
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References

Notes
  1. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 36 240», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 36 240, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  2. Charter of Samara Oblast
  3. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  4. Law #189-GD
  5. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  6. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. Выписка из реестра Российской системы и плана нумерации, Федеральное агенство связи (Россвязь) / ABC code plan by Rossvyaz (Federal Communications Agency of Russia)
  8. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  9. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  10. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  11. "Office of the Mayor: History and geography". Archived from the original on March 10, 2012.
  12. https://tgl.ru/history
  13. http://www.edu-sok.ru/upload/Prokofeva%20E_U.pdf
  14. "Русская семья со шведской фамилией / Православие.Ru". www.pravoslavie.ru.
  15. Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 36 440», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 36 440, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  16. "Home". www.lada-owners-club.co.uk.
  17. "Особая экономическая зона "Тольятти"". oeztlt.ru.
  18. https://www.wtatennis.com/players/322082/daria-kasatkina
  19. "Информация о команде "ТОАЗ" Самарская область - Реестр - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". rusbandy.ru.
  20. Togliatti Journal; Gathering News in This New Russia Can Be Fatal, Sabrina Tavernise, New York Times, 16 May 2002.
  21. How the Togliatti Observer Was Born Excerpt from "That's How It Happened", Togliatti Observer, 11 April 2002.
  22. Newspaper Editor Killed, Steven Lee Myers, New York Times, 11 October 2003.
  23. Court acquits suspect in Togliatti editor's murder Ann Cooper, Committee to Protect Journalists, 12 October 2004.
  24. The Togliatti Murders: 'They Can't Kill Us All' Committee to Protect Journalists, 15 September 2009.
  25. UNESCO Condemns Assassination of Russian Journalist Alexei Sidorov UNESCO Press Release 2003-80.
  26. http://www.tltnews.ru/art/fullnews.php?id=5448
  27. Bomb on Russian Bus Kills at Least 8, Michael Schwirtz, New York Times, 1 November 2007.
  28. 8 dead in Russian terror blast Archived November 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Russia Today, 31 October 2007.
  29. Bus blast suspect identified: police Archived November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Russia Today, 02 November 2007.
  30. Togliatti bus bomber named, Russia Today, 03 November 2007.
  31. Eight killed in Russia bus blast BBC, 31 October 2007.
  32. Криминальная история Тольятти Crime history of Tolyatti.
  33. Russian journalism comes under fire Paul Jenkins, BBC, 2 July 2004.
  34. В Тольятти новый главный архитектор Tolyatti has a new chief architect, TLT.ru, April 10, 2009. (in Russian)
  35. Togliatti State University: We are mouring.
  36. Загадки убийства Степанова Mysteries in assassination of Stepanov, TLTgorod.ru. (in Russian)
  37. Togliatti Mayor Suspected of Extorting 4-Storey House Archived September 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Pavel Sedakov, Kommersant, 17 August 2007.
  38. Mayoral Elections Criticized After Arrest Natalya Krainova, The St. Petersburg Times, 2 March 2010.
  39. "Общая информация / Администрация городского округа Тольятти / Структура администрации / Власть / Администрация городского округа Тольятти". tgl.ru.
  40. "Города побратимы". tgl.ru (in Russian). Tolyatti. Retrieved February 4, 2020.

Sources
  • Самарская Губернская Дума. №179-ГД 18 декабря 2006 г. «Устав Самарской области», в ред. Закона №6-ГД от 11 января 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав Самарской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2007 г. Опубликован: "Волжская коммуна", №237 (25790), 20 декабря 2006 г. (Samara Governorate Duma. #179-GD December 18, 2006 Charter of Samara Oblast, as amended by the Law #6-GD of January 11, 2016 On Amending the Charter of Samara Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2007.).
  • Самарская Губернская Дума. Закон №189-ГД от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом городского округа и муниципального района муниципальных образований в Самарской области», в ред. Закона №23-ГД от 30 марта 2015 г. «Об осуществлении местного самоуправления на территории городского округа Самара Самарской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волжская коммуна", №247, 31 декабря 2004 г. (Samara Governorate Duma. Law #189-GD of December 28, 2004 On Granting the Status of Urban Okrug and Municipal District to the Municipal Formations in Samara Oblast, as amended by the Law #23-GD of March 30, 2015 On the Implementation of Local Self-Government on the Territory of Samara Urban Okrug of Samara Oblast. Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).

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