Timeline of Florence

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy.

The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini, was created in the 12th century.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 14th century

• 59 BCE - Roman colony founded (approximate date).[1]
• 1st century CE - Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
• 285 - Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region.[2]
• 405 - Siege of Florence (405).[2]
• 541 - Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila.[1]
• 1078 - City walls built.[2]
• 1080 - Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built.[3]
• 1107 - Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence.[3]
• 1115-16 - Commune form of government adopted;[2] Republic of Florence established.
• 1128 - Florence Baptistery built.
• 1138 - "City divided into six wards."[3]
• 1182 - Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
• 1201 - Bankers' guild active (approximate date).[3]
• 1222 - Monte comune (pawnshop) opens.[3]
• 1230 - Eucharistic miracle of Florence allegedly occurs.
• 1237 - Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built.[3]
• 1244 - Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
• 1251 - First Capitano del popolo elected.[3]
• 1252
  • Mint established;[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
  • Santa Trinita bridge built.[3]
• 1258 - Bargello built.[3]
• 1261 - Public prison established.[3]
• 1267 - Charles of Anjou in power.[2]
• 1269 - Flood.[3]
• 1282 - "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild."[4][2]
• 1284 - Tertio Cerchio (wall) built.[3]
• 1285 - Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded.[5]
• 1289
  • Slavery abolished.[3]
  • Fire.[3]
• 1299 - Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.

14th-16th centuries

• 1312 - Siege of Florence (1312)
• 1321 - University of Florence founded.
• 1333 - November: Flood.^(it)
• 1345 - Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
• 1348 - Black Death plague.[3]
• 1353 - Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower.[6]
• 1355 - Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo (church) built.
• 1360 - Cathedral Campanile built.[7]
• 1377 - Medici in power.[4]
• 1382 - Loggia dei Lanzi built.
• 1385 - Basilica of Santa Croce built.
• 1397 - Medici Bank established.[8]
• 1415 - Bruni's History of Florence issued.[4]
• 1427 - Catasto tax begins.[3]
• 1432 - Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins.[8]
• 1434 - Cosimo de' Medici in power.[5]
• 1436 - Duomo consecrated.[3]
• 1471 - Printing press in operation.[3][9]
• 1478 - Pazzi conspiracy foiled.[4]
• 1487 - Medici giraffe arrives. [10]
• 1488 - Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
• 1490 - Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
• 1494 - Salone dei Cinquecento built.
• 1497 - 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities.
• 1498
  • Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary.[4]
  • 23 May: Savonarola executed.[2]
• 1504 - Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria.[11]
• 1509 - Militia established.[3]
• 1513 - Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
• 1529 - 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
• 1532 - Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of Florence;[3] Republic of Florence ends.
• 1536 - Charles V visits city.[3]
• 1537 - Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
• 1545 - Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
• 1557 - September: Flood.^(it)
• 1559 - Palazzo Uguccioni built.
• 1562 - Accademia del Disegno established.[12]
• 1564 - Vasari Corridor built.
• 1565 - Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
• 1569 - Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1574 - Florentine Camerata active.[13]
• 1580 - Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published.[14]
• 1581 - Uffizi art museum built.
• 1582 - State Archives of Tuscany established.[5]
• 1592 - Theorbo musical instrument invented.[13]
• 1598 - Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne.[13]
• 1600
  • 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France.
  • Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date).[5]
  • Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice.[15]

17th-19th centuries

• 1625 - Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero.[16]
• 1656 - Teatro della Pergola built.
• 1700 - Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped.[13]
• 1739 - Academia Botanica established.[17]
• 1740 - Teatro di Santa Maria built.
• 1753 - Accademia dei Georgofili established.[17]
• 1775 - Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
• 1784 - Galleria dell'Accademia established.
• 1799 - French occupation begins.[2]
• 1814
  • French occupation ends.[2]
  • Jewish ghetto abolished.[18]
• 1817 - Teatro Goldoni opens.
• 1828 - Teatro Alfieri opens.
• 1844 - 3 November: Florence flood of 1844.
• 1847 - Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth.[15]
• 1848
  • Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
  • Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
• 1852 - Archivio di Stato di Firenze (state archives) established.
• 1859 - La Nazione newspaper begins publication.[19]
• 1861
  • National Library active.
  • Population: 150,864.
• 1862 - Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
• 1864 - Florence becomes part of Italy.[1]
• 1865 - Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin.[20]
• 1867 - Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
• 1871
  • Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
  • Population: 167,093.[21]
• 1879 - Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
• 1882 - Great Synagogue of Florence built.
• 1891 - Cathedral Museum opens.[5]
• 1896 - Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
• 1897
  • Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
  • Population: 209,540.[22]

20th century

• 1901 - Population: 236,635.
• 1904 - Giardino Tropicale established.[23]
• 1908 - La Voce magazine begins publication.
• 1922 - Cinema Teatro Savoia opens.[24]
• 1925 - Non Mollare newspaper begins publication.[20]
• 1926 - Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli (church) built.
• 1931 - Population: 304,160.
• 1933 - Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
• 1934 - Bologna–Florence railway begins operating.[2]
• 1936 - Cinema Vittoria built.[24]
• 1943
  • German occupation begins.
  • 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
• 1944
  • 3 August: Bridges bombed by German forces.[2]
  • 11 August: German occupation ends.[2]
• 1948 - Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1954 - 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence
• 1957 - Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
• 1959 - Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established.[23]
• 1961 - Population: 436,516.
• 1966 - 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River.[2]
• 1968 - Ospedale Piero Palagi (hospital) built.
• 1977 - Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
• 1978 - Indiano Bridge built.
• 1982 - Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1986 - Gran Caffé Doney closes.
• 1991 - Population: 403,294.
• 1993 - 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing.[2]
• 1995 - European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
• 1997 - City website online (approximate date).[25]

21st century

• 2001 - Population: 356,118.
• 2002 - November: European Social Forum held in city.
• 2009
  • Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
  • Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
• 2011 - 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
• 2013 - Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province.[26]
• 2014 - Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
• 2015 - City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.

See also

• History of Florence
• List of mayors of Florence

Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:^(it)

• Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
• Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
• Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
• Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
• Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
• Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
• Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
• Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
• Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
• Timeline of Siena, Tuscany

References

1. Townsend 1867.
2. "Timeline of the history of Florence". Provincia di Firenze. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
3. Staley 1906.
4. Charles E. Little (1900), "Italy", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
5. Baedeker 1913.
6. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
7. "Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
8. Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
9. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Firenze". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
10. Luca Landucci, A Florentine Diary tr. Alice de Rosen Jervis (New York, 1969) p. 44
11. Gardner 1920.
12. "Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance: Timeline". Empires. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
13. Joseph P. Swain (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7825-9.
14. Tom Dunmore (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
15. "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 30 June 2015
16. Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
17. James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600-1793". Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
18. Jewish Encyclopedia 1906.
19. "Italy". Western Europe. Regional Surveys of the World (5th ed.). Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.
20. Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
21. "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
22. "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
23. "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
24. "Movie Theaters in Florence". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
25. "Città di Firenze Rete Civica" (in Italian). Archived from the original on January 1997 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
26. "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 30 January 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Florence (in Italian)

• Giuseppe Maria Mecatti (1755). Storia chronologica della città di Firenze [Chronological history of the city of Florence] (in Italian). Napoli: Stamperia Simoniana. (1977 reprint)
• J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Florence". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 – via Hathi Trust.
• George Henry Townsend (1867), "Florence", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Florence". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
• William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Florentia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cuq.
• Ismar Elbogen (1906), "Florence", Jewish Encyclopedia
• Edgcumbe Staley (1906). "Chronology". Guilds of Florence. London: Methuen & Co. hdl:2027/uc1.$b94514.
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Florence", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• "Florence", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7rn3cv1g
• Edmund G. Gardner (1920). Story of Florence. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
• Millard Meiss (1951). "Chronological Table". Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: the Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-fourteenth Century. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00312-2.
• Athanasios Moulakis (1998). "Chronology of Florentine Institutional Development". Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8994-1.
• Michael Levey (1996). "Selective Chronology". Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-30658-5.
• Ted Jones (2013). "Chronology of Events". Florence And Tuscany: a Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-836-7.

External links

• Università degli Studi di Firenze. "Storia di Firenze" (in Italian). (Includes chronologies)