Timeline of the city of Rome

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Rome, Italy.

Further information: Rome and History of Rome
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Early history
Main articles: Founding of Rome and Kingdom of Rome
Tradition states that Romulus and Remus were raised by a wolf before founding Rome in 753 BC.
  • 1000 BC – Latins begin to settle in Italy

Republic
Main article: Roman Republic
19th-century painting of the Gallic leader Brennus looting Rome after the Battle of the Allia in 390 BC
  • 499 BC - A battle against foreign tribes commences, including the construction of the Temple of Castor and Pollux.
  • 396 BC - The Etruscan city of Veio is defeated by the Romans
  • 390 BC - Rome is sacked by the Gauls after the Battle of the Allia
  • 380 BC - The once destroyed Servian Wall is reconstructed.
  • 312 BC - The Via Appia and Aqua Appia are constructed.
  • 264 - 241 BC - First Punic War
  • 220 BC - Via Flamina is constructed.
  • 218 - 202 BC - Second Punic War
  • 168 BC - The Romans have a great victory in the Macedonian War, conquering Greece.
  • 149 - 146 BC - The Third Punic War
  • 133 BC - 120 BC - The Gracchi brothers are controversially killed.
  • 71 BC - Spartacus is killed and his rebel army destroyed.
  • 60 BC - Pompey, Crassus and Caesar form the first triumvirate.
  • 59 BC - Handwritten "news posters" introduced.[1]
  • 58-50 BC - Caesar conquers Gaul.

Imperial city
Main article: Roman Empire
St Peter, the first Pope, was crucified in Rome in 67 AD
The Colosseum opened in 80 AD
  • 49 BC - Caesar crosses the Rubicon in order to take Rome.
  • 44 BC - Caesar elects himself dictator, and in March is killed by Brutus and Cassius
  • 27 BC - Augustus is made Rome's first emperor.
  • 13 BC - The Ara Pacis is constituted since Augustus secured his empire.
  • 42 AD - The apostle St Peter arrives in Rome.
  • 64 AD - The Great Fire of Rome, rumored to be blamed by Nero on the Christians.
  • c. 65 AD - The Romans begin to massacre Christians .
  • 67 AD - St Peter is crucified in Rome, and similarly St Paul is executed.
  • 72 AD - Work on the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum) begins.
  • March, 80 AD - The inauguration of the Colosseum begins.
  • 121 AD - Hadrian's Wall is completed.
  • 125 AD - Emperor Hadrian has the Pantheon reconstructed to more or less how it is today.
  • 212 AD - All the inhabitants of the empire are granted citizenship.
  • 216 AD - Work on the Baths of Caracalla is finally over, as the building gets completed.
  • 225 AD - Mathematicians allowed to teach publicly at Rome.
  • 247 AD - The first millennium of Rome is celebrated.
  • 270 AD - Construction of the Aurelian Wall begins.
  • 274 AD - The temple of the Sun built at Rome.
  • 284 AD - Diocletian partitions administration of the Roman Empire in half, thereby establishing the Eastern Roman Empire in Byzantium.

Early Medieval period
See also: Western Roman Empire
19th-century painting of the Visigothic Sack of Rome in 410 AD

High Middle Ages
The Papal throne in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran dates from the 13th century
  • 1084 - The city of Rome is attacked by the Normans
  • 1108 - The church of San Clemente is in this year rebuilt.
  • 1140 - The church of Santa Maria in Trastevere is restored.
  • 1200 - The city becomes an independent commune
  • 1232 - The cloisters in the Basilica of St. John Lateran are finished.
  • 1300 - Pope Boniface VIII proclaims the First Holy Year.
  • 1309 - The Papacy is moved to Avignon under Pope Clement V
  • 1347 - The patriot and rebel Cola di Rienzo tries to restore the Roman Republic.
  • 1348 - As in most of Europe, the Black Death strikes Rome.

Roman Renaissance
Main article: Roman Renaissance
From 1508 to 1512, Michelangelo painted the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Baroque period
The Church of the Gesù was the first Baroque structure, built in 1568
The current St. Peter's Basilica was finished in 1626

19th century and Risorgimento
Illustration of the proclamation of the 1849 Roman Republic in the Piazza del Popolo.
  • 1800 - 1801 - Napoleon retakes Italy and Rome.
  • 1807 - Garibaldi is born.
  • 1816 - Work on the Piazza del Popolo begins.
  • 1820 - There are a series of revolts in Rome and the rest of Italy.
  • 1821 - The British poet John Keats dies in Rome.
  • 1848 - Uprisings in Rome.
  • 1849 - Nationalists proclaim an unrecognised Roman Republic. Pope Pius IX is later restored to power in the city, after a French invasion.
  • 1860 - Garibaldi and his 1,000 soldiers take Sicily and Naples.
  • 1861 - The Kingdom of Italy is founded, with Turin as its capital.
  • 1870 - Rome captured by Italy.

20th century and modern Rome
The Altare della Patria was built in honour of King Victor Emmanuel II in 1911
Fascists, led by Benito Mussolini, at the March on Rome in 1922
  • 1911 - The Altare della Patria is completed.
  • 1922 - March on Rome by Fascists.
  • 1925-40 - Large parts of the historic centre are pulled down and rebuilt by Benito Mussolini.
  • 1929 - A separate country within Rome, Vatican City, is created by the Lateran Treaty.
  • 1940 - EUR begins, and the nation enters World War II.
  • 1943 - Bombing of Rome in World War II begins.
  • 1944 - Rome is liberated by the Allied troops from the Germans.
  • 1957 - Treaty of Rome
  • 1960 - Rome hosts the 1960 Summer Olympics, with great success.
  • 1962 - Roman Catholic church reforms are brought about with the Second Vatican Council.
  • 1978 - Italian prime minister Aldo Moro is kidnapped and later killed by the Brigate Rosse; Pope John Paul I and Pope John Paul II are made popes in this year.
  • c.1978 - 1990 - Years of Lead: period of paramilitary violence across Italy.
  • 1981 - An assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II is made in St. Peter's Basilica Square.
  • 1990 - Rome hosts the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final.
  • 1993 - Francesco Rutelli becomes the first mayor of Rome elected by the citizens.
  • 2000 - The city enters the New Millennium, featuring a new Holy Year, or the Jubilee.

21st century
  • 2004 - A new constitution of the European Union is signed in Rome.
  • 2005 - Pope John Paul II dies in Rome, and Pope Benedict XVI takes his place.
  • 2013 - Benedict XVI resigns and Pope Francis is elected as his successor.
  • 2016 - June: Rome municipal election, 2016 held.
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See also

Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)

References
  1. Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
  2. Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis. Ravenna in Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 46. ISBN 9781107612907

Further reading
  • J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "Rome". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
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