Telugu cinema

Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language, the official language in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar, a neighborhood of Hyderabad, Telangana, India.[2] Since 1909, filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work. In 1921, he produced the silent film, Bhishma Pratigna.[3] He is cited as the father of Telugu cinema.[4][5][6]

Not to be confused with Cinema of West Bengal also called Tollywood.

Telugu cinema
Prasads Multiplex, Hyderabad, Telangana
No. of screens2809 screens in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India[1]
 • Per capita31 per million
Main distributorsUsha Kiran Movies
Suresh Productions
Vyjayanthi Movies
Annapurna Studios
Geetha Arts
Arka Media Works
Sri Venkateswara Creations
14 Reels Entertainment
PVP Cinema
Prasad Art Pictures
Indian cinema

The first talking motion picture was Telugu-Tamil bilingual Kalidas directed by Telugu Director H M Reddy. The film was released on 31 October 1931, less than seven months after India's first talking motion picture Alam Ara. H M Reddy also directed first full length Telugu-language film Bhakta Prahlada which released on 6 February 1932.[7]

Pathala Bhairavi (1951),[8][9] Malliswari (1951), Devadasu (1953), Mayabazar (1957), Nartanasala (1963), Maro Charitra (1978), Maa Bhoomi (1979), Sankarabharanam (1980), Sagara Sangamam (1983), and Siva (1989) have been showcased among CNN-IBN's 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time.[10]

Parallel films such as B. Narsing Rao's ethnographic film Maa Ooru,[11][12] K. N. T. Sastry's Thilaadanam,[13][14] and Rajnesh Domalpalli's Vanaja received critical acclaim at international film festivals.[15][16] K. Viswanath's Swati Mutyam was India's official entry to the 59th Academy Awards.

S. S. Rajamouli's epic film Baahubali: The Beginning, was nominated for "Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film" in 2016. The second installment, Baahubali 2: The Conclusion is the only Indian film till date to win the "Best International Film" at the "44th Saturn Awards".[17] Produced by Tollywood studio Arka Media Works, it emerged as the highest-grossing Indian film at that time[18] and it remains the highest-grossing film in India to date.[19]

For the 12-month time period from Nov 2018 to Oct 2019, Telugu movies accounted for 11% of telecast duration and 16% of total viewership of all movies on Indian television, the second highest among Indian film industries behind Bollywood.[20][21]

History

Early development
Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full length Telugu talkie produced and directed by H. M. Reddy to have a theatrical release.[22]

The Telugu film industry originated with silent films in 1912, with the production and release of Bhishma Pratigna in 1921.[23] The film was directed by Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu and his son R. S. Prakash.[24] On the other hand, Y. V. Rao and, R. S. Prakash have established a long-lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes; Nandanar, Gajendra Moksham, and Matsyavatar, three of their most noted productions, centred on religious figures, parables, and morals.[25] The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.[26] In 1935, Andhra Cine Tone was built in Visakhapatnam by Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju. He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film Jagadamba.[27]

Rise of the "talkie"

The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was produced by H.M. Reddy, who directed the first Telugu and Tamil bilingual talkie Kalidas (1931). Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931,[28] which henceforth became known as "Telugu Film Day" to commemorate its completion.[29][30][31] Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lavakusa. Directed by C. Pullaiah and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani in lead roles, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.[32] By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.[32] That year, under the direction of Kruthiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's Vandemataram, touching on societal problems like the practice of giving dowry. Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.[33]

Cinema during the Crown Rule
Yaragudipati Varada Rao, Pioneer of Telugu cinema in British India.[34]

In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam, has co-produced and directed the social problem film, Mala Pilla starring, Kanchanamala, the film dealt with the crusade against untouchability, prevailing in pre-independent India.[35][36] In 1939, he directed Raithu Bidda, starring thespian Bellary Raghava. The film was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar's during the British raj.[37] 1940 film, Viswa Mohini, is the first Indian film, depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi, starring super-star V. Nagaiah. Rao subsequently made the sequel films Savithri and Sathyabhama (1941–42) casting thespian Sthanam Narasimha Rao.[38][39]

The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,[40] a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.[41] As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.[42] Ghantasala Balaramayya, has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao's Telugu screen debut in 1944.[43]

Classical cinema and Golden Age
Actress Bhanumathi Ramakrishna on a 2013 Indian stamp
Thespian Akkineni Nageswara Rao founded Annapurna Studios in 1970

Malliswari is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14, March 1953, and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States.[44][45] The film was directed by Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy, a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and the Doctor of Letters honour.[45]

The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy, mythological and melodrama films.[46][47][48] Filmmakers like Kadiri Venkata Reddy, B. Vittalacharya, and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre.[49][50] 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film. In 2013, IBN Live's poll cited Mayabazar as the Greatest Indian film of all time.[51]

Relangi, and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during this era.[52] Nartanasala won the best art direction award at the Afro Asian film festival in Jakarta.[53] Donga Ramudu directed by K. V. Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India.[54] Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.[55][56] 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival.[54][57] The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals.[58]

Rise of Tollywood
Telugu cinema
IndustryMotion pictures
Founded1921
Madras Presidency
Headquarters
Madras (1921 - 1996) Hyderabad (1996 - present)
WebsiteFilchamber.com
Producerscouncil.com
Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007.[61][62]

Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Madras (now Chennai).[63] Indian film doyen L. V. Prasad, who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada, founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Madras.[64] However, through the efforts of D. V. S. Raju, the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s, during N. T. Rama Rao's political reign.[65]

Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Hyderabad, developed by D. Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao, are involved in prolific film production and employment.[66] There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries.[67]

The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has digitized several cinemas in the region.[68][69] The Film and Television Institute of Telangana, Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India.[70][71] The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India.[72]

The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world, Ramoji Film City.[73] The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.[74][75][76] As per the CBFC report of 2014, the industry is placed first in India, in terms of films produced yearly.[77] The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy.[78][79][80] In the years 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood.[81][66]

S. S. Rajamouli

Known for being commercially consistent,[82] Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.[83] Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region.[82][84][85] The 1992 film Gharana Mogudu, directed by K. Raghavendra Rao, is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹ 10 crore at the box office.[86]

Spread to World markets

Athadu was released with 6 prints in United States and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in San Jose, Dallas, Detroit, Virginia, New Jersey, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, Minneapolis, Phoenix at Arizona and also in centers like Lowell at Massachusetts, MA, Tulsa at Oklahoma, West Virginia, Springfield, Boulder at Colorado and Corpus Christi at South Texas. Because of the demand, another print was imported from India for screening.[87][88] The film's first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at North Bergen on the night of 11 August 2005.[89] At Connecticut, a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005. Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened. There at the theater, a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated.[90] Apart from USA, the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany and Australia.[88]

Bommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints. Owing to its success, the number of reels grew to about hundred.[91] It collected a distributors share of ₹5 crore in its opening week in India.[91] Released in six major metros in the United States, the film collected $73,200 (then approximately ₹0.3 crore) within the first four days of screening.[91] A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65,000, which generated a revenue of ₹3 crore at that time.[92] A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be as ₹25 crore including ₹3.5 crore from overseas, the largest for any Telugu film at that time. Owing to this path breaking trade, the film was remade into Tamil, Bengali, Oriya and Urdu/Hindi.[93] 2006 action film, Pokiri has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film's commercial success. It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006.[94] Walt Disney Pictures co-produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu, making it the first South Indian production by Disney.[95][96] Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the United States, the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you've never heard of.[97][98][99] In the rest of north, east and west India, it opened up in 21 cities.[100] The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than ₹1 billion at the time.[101][102]

Worldwide distribution of Baahubali 2: The Conclusion on the Qube Wire platform
DistributorLanguagesTerritories
Great India FilmsAllUSA and Canada
Sarigama CinemaAllEurope and Ireland
MSK Film ProductionTelugu, Tamil, MalayalamMalaysia, Singapore and Sri Lanka
A. A. Films Pvt. Ltd.HindiEntire World except USA and Canada
Hasini EntertainmentTelugu, Tamil, MalayalamUK and Ireland
Phars Films Co LLCTelugu, Tamil, MalayalamMiddle East
Southern Star InternationalTelugu, Tamil, MalayalamAustralia and New Zealand

Post Classical cinema
K. Viswanath

Bapu's directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968.[103] In 1976, he directed Sita Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival, and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute.[104][105] Pan-Indian film Oka Oori Katha (1977) won special awards at Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and Carthage Film Festival.[106]

Sankarabharanam won the Prize of the Public at the Besançon Film Festival of France in the year 1981.[107] B. Narsing Rao scripted and produced Maa Bhoomi which was showcased at Karlovy Vary Film Festival, and Cork Film Festivals. He directed, Daasi "(Bonded Woman)" and Matti Manushulu "(Mud People)" which won the Diploma of Merit awards at the 16th, and 17th Moscow International Film Festivals in 1989 and 1991 respectively.[108] M. V. Raghu's Neo-realistic film Kallu (1988), scripted by Gollapudi Maruti Rao has received thirty state awards and has garnered special mention from the CBFC Jury.[109][110]

Vanaja (2006). won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival.[111] Dream (2012), has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival.[112][113][114] 2013 Social problem film, Naa Bangaaru Talli won Best Film award at the Trinity International Film Festival in Detroit, and four Awards at the Indonesian International Film Festival.[115][116][117]

2014 film Minugurulu was selected as Best Indian Film at the 9th India International Children's Film Festival, held at Bangalore.[118] 2013 Cultural film, O Friend, This Waiting! has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance, Indo-American Arts Council, New York, 2013.[119] 2014 film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards.[120] 2018 biographical film Mahanati based on the life of veteran actress Savitri has garnered the "Equality in Cinema Award" at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.[121]

New Tollywood
Ram Gopal Varma

Ram Gopal Varma's Siva, which attained cult status in Telugu cinema, is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the Telangana dialect.[122][123] Varma was credited with the introduction of steadicams and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films.[124] Within a year of the film's release, more than ten steadicams were imported into India.[125] Siva attracted the young audience during its theatrical run, and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films.[126][127]

Subsequently Varma introduced road movie and film-noir to Indian screen with Kshana Kshanam. Varma experimented with close-to-life performances by the lead actors, which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers.[128] It went on to gather a cult following in south India,[129] with a dubbed Hindi version titled Hairaan released to positive reports from bollywood critics, the Ann Arbor Film Festival, and the Fribourg Festival.[130][131]

Singeetam Srinivasa Rao introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with Aditya 369, the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes.[132] The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human, inconsistent and insecure. The film's narrative takes the audience into the post apocalyptic experience through time travel, as well as folklore generation of 1500 A.D, which including a romantic backstory, the "Time Machine" made it a brilliant work of fiction.[133][134][135]

Chiranjeevi
Nagarjuna
Venkatesh
Balakrishna

Chiranjeevi's works such as the comedy thriller, Chantabbai, the Vigilante thriller, Kondaveeti Donga the first Telugu film to be released on a 70 mm 6-Track Stereophonic sound,[136] the Western thriller Kodama Simham, and the action thriller, Gang Leader, popularized genre films with the highest estimated footfall.[137] Reddiff.com cited Sekhar Kammula's, National Award winning "Dollar Dreams" as a take off from where Nagesh Kukunoor's Hyderabad Blues ends.[138] Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings. The film re-introduced Social realism to Telugu screen, and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot-boilers.[139]

Sub-Genres and off beat films
Trivikram Srinivas is known for his works on slapstick comedy and romantic comedy

Screenwriters such as Chandra Sekhar Yeleti experimented with the off beat film Aithe with a caption "all movies are not the same" Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1.5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores. After almost two years he delivered another thriller Anukokunda Oka Roju both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences, produced by Gunnam Gangaraju.[140] AIthe was remade in Tamil as Naam (2003) and in Malayalam as Wanted (2004).[141]

Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012, filmmaker Shekhar Kapur said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story, and cited Eega as an example. Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology, and called it "no less than a Hollywood superhero film".[142] Shah Rukh Khan called Eega an "awesomely original" film and a "must watch" with children.[143][144] Eega has garnered Best Film to watch with a crowd at the 8th Annual Edition Toronto After Dark Film Festival.[145]

Sub Genre war drama Kanche by Krish Jagarlamudi explored the 1944 Nazis attack on the Indian army in the Italian campaign, during World War II in an engrossing background tale of caste-ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition.[146] Sankalp Reddy explored submarine warfare in his directorial debut The Ghazi Attack based on the mysterious altercation between PNS Ghazi and INS Karanj during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[147]

Indo-Asian News Service called new-generation film maker Sandeep Vanga's Arjun Reddy the "most original, experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time", and said the protagonist's (played by Vijay Deverakonda) "rise, fall and rise ... is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching".[148] Adivi Sesh scripted the Neo-noir Kshanam based on a real life incident of a missing three-year-old girl child.[149] Sesh followed it up with the coming-of-age R.A.W. thriller Goodachari.[150] Actor-dancer Allu Arjun produced and acted in the short film, I Am That Change (2014), to spread awareness on individual social responsibility. The movie was directed by Sukumar, which was screened in theatres across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Indian Independence day, 2014.[151]

Cast and crew
N. T. Rama Rao in Missamma
Thespian, Kota Srinivasa Rao

V. Nagaiah was one of the most influential actors of South Indian cinema.[152] Vemuri Gaggaiah, Kalyanam Raghuramaiah, R. Nageswara Rao, C.S.R. Anjaneyulu, Yadavalli Suryanarayana, C. H. Narayana Rao, Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc., are some of the finest method actors during the golden era.[153] S. V. Ranga Rao, was one of the first south Indian actors to win the Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the Indonesian Film Festival held in Jakarta.[154][155] N. T. Rama Rao was one of the commercially successful Telugu actors of his time.[156] K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their pioneering work in Parallel Cinema.[157][158] Adurthi Subba Rao, has garnered seven National Film Awards, for his pioneering work on drama films.[159] Akkineni Kutumba Rao's Patha Nagaramlo Pasivadu received Cairo International Film Festival's, Merit Certificate for best feature.[160][161]

Dasari Narayana Rao directed the most number of films in Telugu, including works such as Meghasandesam (1982), Tandra Paparayudu (1986) casting Krishnam Raju, and Kante Koothurne Kanu (1998).[162] Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first Cinemascope film Alluri Seetharama Raju, first 70mm film Simhasanam, first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara (1988) and introducing cowboy and James Bond styles to the Telugu screen.[163] Jandhyala is known for his dramedy film's.[164] Noted film editor from the state, A. Sreekar Prasad, known for his initial works in Telugu films of the 1980s, has garnered national recognition for film editing across multiple languages of Indian cinema.[165]

N. T. Rama Rao, S. V. Ranga Rao, Jaggayya, Kanta Rao, Bhanumathi Ramakrishna, Anjali Devi, Suryakantam, Savitri , Krishnam Raju and Sobhan Babu are the actors who received the erstwhile Rashtrapati Award for best performance in a leading role.[166][167] Nagarjuna Akkineni, Sharada, Archana, Vijayashanti, Rohini, Keerthy Suresh, and P. L. Narayana are the actors to receive the Indian National Film Award for best performance in acting. Veteran actor Chiranjeevi, was listed among "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by IBN-live India.[168][169] Brahmanandam, holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language.[170][171]

Cinematography

Cinematographers such as V. N. Reddy, K. S. Prasad, Jaya Gummadi, Sudhakar Yakkanti, and C. Rajendra Prasad have garnered national recognition.[172][173][174]

Film Critics and Jury Members

Vasiraju Prakasam and K. N. T. Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the state.[175][176] B. S. Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974, and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975.[177] Gummadi Venkateswara Rao, served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982.[178] He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th, 33rd, and 39th National Film Awards. Chandra Siddhartha served in South Jury at the 57th, 61st and 65th National Film Awards, as well as the 49th IFFI.[179][180]

Film Score
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam in 1985
S. Janaki in 2007

Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honors such as Sahitya Akademi Award, Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work.[181][182] Susarla Dakshinamurthi, Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu, Ogirala Ramachandra Rao, Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Tanguturi Suryakumari, and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema.[183][184][185] Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao, R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films.[186][187]

Madhavapeddi Satyam, P. Adinarayana Rao, Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao, Chellapilla Satyam, P. B. Sreenivas, S. P. Kodandapani, G. K. Venkatesh, S. Hanumantha Rao, have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance.[188] S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards.[189]

S. Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema; Rao's most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios, which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade.[190] Ghantasala, performed in the United States, England, and Germany. According to The Hindu, and The Indian Express he was "Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people. Ghantasala's blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart, above all others in the field of playback singing".[191][192]

P. Susheela, has been recognized by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most number of songs in Indian languages.[193] She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards.[194] Works by S. Janaki, M. M. Keeravani, and Ramesh Naidu have received National recognition. Multi-instrumentalists duo Raj-Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music.[195][196] R. P. Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association.[197]

Visual Effects

Enhanced technology among live action animation, digital compositing, and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. Visual effects based high fantasy works such as Magadheera (2009), Arundhati (2009), Eega (2012) and Dhamarukam (2012) have tasted success.[198] Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, Chakri Toleti and V. Srinivas Mohan are some of the visual effects professional's from the state known for their works in Telugu films.[198][199]

Guinness records
  • Guinness Record had been awarded to Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world, it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares (1,666 acres). With 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples.[73][200]
  • D.Rama Naidu holds the Guinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films.[201]
  • Dasari Narayana Rao holds the Guinness World Record as the most number of films directed with 151 films.
  • Brahmanandam holds the Guinness World Record for acting in the most number of films in a single language, 1000+ films.[170][171][202]
  • S. P. Balasubramanyam holds the Guinness World Record for having sung the most number of songs for any male playback singer in the world,[203][204][205] with the majority of his songs sung in Telugu.
  • In 2002, the Guinness Book of Records named Vijaya Nirmala as the female director with the most number of films, having made 47 films. In a career spanning approximately two decades, she has acted in over 200 films with 25 each in Malayalam and Tamil and produced 15 films.[206]
  • In 2016, P.Susheela won guinness book of world record for singing highest number of songs for any female singer.[207]

Dubbed films

The 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language, being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai.[44] According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce, "as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States".[208]

Distribution

The Telugu-speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution, namely, Nizam, Ceeded and Andhra. Nizam alone contributes to nearly 45% of the revenue.[209][210]

Telugu film distribution territories
Territory Areas Included
Nizam State of Telangana, along with two districts of Karnataka viz., Raichur and Koppal
Ceded Four districts of Rayalaseema region along with Bellary of Karnataka and Markapur revenue division of Prakasam district
Vizag / UA Three districts of Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam
East East Godavari district
West West Godavari district
Krishna Krishna district
Guntur Guntur district and Ongole revenue division of Prakasam district
Nellore Nellore district and Kandukur revenue division of Prakasham district
Karnataka State of Karnataka excluding districts of Raichur, Koppal and Bellary, along with Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu State of Tamil Nadu excluding Krishnagiri district
ROI Rest of India

Apart from the above, there is also an emerging Overseas territory, especially United States which accounts for a significant amount of revenue.[211]

Awards

National Award for Best Feature Film
Year Film Producer Note(s)
2015 Baahubali: The Beginning Shobu Yarlagadda National Film Award for Best Feature Film
1992 Bhagavad Gita T. Subbarami Reddy National Film Award for Best Feature Film
1963 Nartanasala Lakshmi Rajyam National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film[212]
1956 Tenali Ramakrishna B. S. Ranga All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film[9]

Dadasaheb Phalke Awardees
Year Recipient Note(s)
1974 Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy[213] Director and producer
1980 Paidi Jairaj[213] Actor and thespian
1982 L. V. Prasad[213] Director and producer
1986 B. Nagi Reddy[213] Director and producer
1990 Akkineni Nageswara Rao[213] Actor
2009 D. Ramanaidu[213] Producer
2016 Kasinathuni Viswanath[214] Director and actor

State Government Awards

The Nandi Awards is the most prominent government funded award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu Film, Theatre and Television. It is presented annually at Lalitha Kala Thoranam in Hyderabad,[215] by the Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation of the Telugu state(s).[216] "Nandi" means "bull", the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi — a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture.

South Indian Film Awards

Regional awards

Studios

Filmmaking studios

Visual effects and animation studios
  • Prasad EFX - Magic in motion
  • Pixelloid Studios
  • Fire Fly Creative Studios[219][220]
  • Makuta VFX[221]
gollark: It's a C Cfeature.
gollark: It's not a bug.
gollark: Hold on while I fix `os.pullEvent`.
gollark: Any exploit in the backend would likely affect all node.js/ws/express programs anyway, and therefore be very bad.
gollark: The only exploits I was aware of could only be exploited by locally running code anyway, and I patched them.

See also

References
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