China Railway

China State Railway Group Company, Ltd., doing business as China Railway or CR, is a state-owned sole proprietorship enterprise that undertakes railway passenger and cargo transportation services in the People's Republic of China and is a state-owned industrial enterprise established under the "Law of the People's Republic of China on All-Ownership Industrial Enterprises." The Ministry of Finance acts on behalf of the State Council to perform the duties of shareholders.[2] It used to be part of the now defunct Ministry of Railways. China Railway operates passenger and freight transport via 21 subsidiaries.

For other uses, see China Railway (disambiguation).
This article is about the company. For railway system and network in China, see Rail transport in China.

China State Railway Group Company, Ltd.
China Railway (CR)
Native name
Chinese: 中国国家铁路集团有限公司
Formerly
China Railway Corporation (2013–2019)
State-owned limited company
IndustryRail transport
PredecessorMinistry of Railways
Founded
  • 19 January 1950 (as ministry)
  • 14 March 2013 (as company)
Headquarters
Haidian District, Beijing
,
China
Area served
China
Key people
Lu Dongfu (Chairman)
Yang Yudong (General Manager)
ServicesPassenger rail
Freight rail
Revenue CN¥916.258 billion[nb 1] (2015)
CN¥53.456 billion[nb 2] (2015)
CN¥(32.355 billion) (2015)
Total assets CN¥6.245870 trillion (2015)
Total equity CN¥2.150725 trillion (2015)
OwnerMinistry of Finance of China
Number of employees
2 million approx. (2013)
DivisionsRailway operations
Subsidiaries16 bureau
5 companies
WebsiteCorporate website
Customer portal
Footnotes / references
source[1]
China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.
Simplified Chinese中国国家铁路集团有限公司
Traditional Chinese中國國家鐵路集團有限公司
Literal meaningChina State Railway Group Limited Company
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese国铁集团
Traditional Chinese國鐵集團
Literal meaningState Railway Group

China Railway previously had its own railway police force, prosecutors office and court system. The police department of the railway is still under the control of the company. The status of the police is civil service of Ministry of Public Security, but they are still paid and managed by the company. [3]

History

On June 18, 2019, China Railway Corporation is reorganized as China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. under China's Corporate Law, instead of Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People Law. It means the Ministry of Finance would act as an investor on behalf of the state and the company would be led by a board and managed by board-chosen executives.[4][5]

Logos of China Railway
China Railway Symbol
Train logo
Former Company Logo

The China Railway logo was designed by Chen Yuchang (Chinese: 陈玉昶) (1912-1969), officially adopted on 22 January 1950. The whole logo represents the front of a locomotive. The upper part of the logo represents the Chinese character 人 (people), while the lower part represents the transversal surface of a rail. The logo means that China's railway belongs to the people.[6][7][8]

The "CR" logo is used on the Fuxing (train) along with the China Railway logo.[9]

Companies
CR service regions

There are 21 primary subsidiary companies under China Railway. As of 2008, approximately 2 million people work in China Railway.

Business Company Provinces of operation Regions of operation
Passenger China Railway Harbin Group Company
(CR Harbin)		 Northeastern Inner Mongolia(Hulunbuir and part of Xingan League), Heilongjiang Northeast China
China Railway Shenyang Group Company
(CR Shenyang)		 Liaoning, Jilin, Southeastern Inner Mongolia(Chifeng, Tongliao and part of Xingan League),
southern Heilongjiang, northeastern Hebei
China Railway Beijing Group Company
(CR Beijing)		 Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, western Shandong,
northern Henan, eastern Shanxi		 North China
China Railway Hohhot Group Company
(CR Hohhot)		 Inner Mongolia
China Railway Taiyuan Group Company
(CR Taiyuan)		 Shanxi
China Railway Jinan Group Company
(CR Jinan)		 Shandong East China
China Railway Shanghai Group Company
(CR Shanghai)		 Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang
China Railway Nanchang Group Company
(CR Nanchang)		 Jiangxi, Fujian, parts of Hubei and Hunan
China Railway Guangzhou Group Company
(CR Guangzhou)		 Guangdong, Hunan, Hainan South China
China Railway Nanning Group Company
(CR Nanning)		 Guangxi, western Guangdong
China Railway Wuhan Group Company
(CR Wuhan)		 Hubei, southern Henan Central China
China Railway Zhengzhou Group Company
(CR Zhengzhou)		 Henan, Shanxi
China Railway Chengdu Group Company
(CR Chengdu)		 Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, parts of Yunnan and Hubei Southwest China
China Railway Kunming Group Company
(CR Kunming)		 Yunnan, parts of Sichuan and Guizhou
China Railway Qingzang Group Company
(CR Qingzang)		 Tibet
Qinghai Northwest China
China Railway Lanzhou Group Company
(CR Lanzhou)		 Gansu, Ningxia, parts of Inner Mongolia
China Railway Ürümqi Group Company
(CR Ürümqi)		 Xinjiang, parts of Gansu
China Railway Xi'an Group Company
(CR Xi'an)		 Shaanxi,northeast Sichuan
Freight China Railway Special Cargo Service Company
(CRSCS)		 Nationwide
China Railway Express Company
(CRE)
China Railway Container Transport Company
(CRCT)

Second tier subsidiaries
Parent Subsidiary Operational line
CR Guangzhou Guangshen Railway Company Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway
Guangmeishan Railway Company Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway
Sanmao Company Sanshui–Maoming railway
Shichang Railway Company Shimen–Changsha railway
Yuehai Railway Company Guangdong–Hainan railway
CR Kunming Shuibai Railway Company Liupanshui–Baiguo railway
CR Nanchang Wuyishan Railway Company Hengfeng–Nanping railway
Quanzhou Railway Company Zhangping–Longyan–Kanshi railway
Longyan Railway Company Zhangping–Quanzhou–Xiaocuo railway
Xiamen Haicang Railway Company Haicang branch railway
CR Shanghai Xiaoyong Railway Company Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway
Hejiu Railway Company Hefei–Jiujiang railway
Xinchang Railway Company Xinyi–Changxing railway
Jinwen Railway Company Jinhua–Wenzhou railway
Ningqi Railway Company Nanjing–Qidong railway
Ninghe Railway Company Hefei–Nanjing passenger railway
Hewu Railway Company Hefei–Wuhan high-speed railway
CR Taiyuan Daqin Railway Company Datong–Qinhuangdao railway
CR Wuhan Huhanrong Railway Hubei Company Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway (Hubei section)
Luofu Railway Company Luohe–Fuyang railway
CR Xi'an Xiyan Railway Company Xi'an–Yan'an railway
CR Zhengzhou Anli Branch Line Company Anyang–Lizhen railway
Tanghe Branch Line Company Tangyin–Hebi railway

International operations

International passenger trains

China Railway operates the passenger trains from China to Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, North Korea and Vietnam.

Services to Europe (New Silk Route)
See also: Eurasian Land Bridge

As of 2017 China Railway ran goods services to 15 European cities, including routes to Madrid and Hamburg and the experimental East Wind service to London to test demand.[10] The Chinese government refers to the two-week 12,000 km (7,500 mi) route, starting at Yiwu and with trains to London traversing Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France, as the Belt and Road Initiative.[11] Containers must be transferred several times, as different, incompatible, rail gauges are used in different regions, and the same rolling stock cannot be used throughout.

Africa

China has been investing in and helping to rebuild railways in Africa.[12][13] Below is an incomplete list of rail projects.

Name Location Constructed Company Cost Comments & Ref
High Plateau line, Algeria Relizane, Saida, Tiaret, Tissemsilt, Boughezoul to M'Sila, Algeria 2009-2013 China Railway Group & China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation US$2.8bn [14]
Benguela Railway Lobito to Luau, Angola 2006-2014 China Railway Construction Corporation Limited US$1.83bn Railway was rebuilt following civil war
Chad Railway Ngaoundéré, Cameroon to Nyala, Sudan via Moundou, N’Djamena and Abéché in Chad 2012-ongoing China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation US$5.6bn Construction over three phases
Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to Djibouti City, Djibouti 2011-2016 China Railway Group & China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation US$4bn Electric
Mombasa-Nairobi Railway Mombasa to Nairobi, Kenya (extended to Naivasha, Kenya in 2016 2014-2017 China Communications Construction US$3.6bn [15]
Kenya-Uganda border Naivasha, Kisumu to Malaba, Kenya 2016-ongoing China Road and Bridge Corporation (subsidiary of China Communications Construction) US$5.42bn [16]
Mali-Guinea Railway Bamako, Mali to Conakry, Guinea 2016-ongoing China Railway Construction Corporation Limited US$8bn [17]
Mali-Senegal Railway Bamako, Mali to Dakar, Senegal 2016-ongoing China Railway Construction Corporation Limited US$2.7bn [18]
Nigeria Coastal Railway Lagos to Calabar, Nigeria 2014-ongoing China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation US$11.1bn [19]
Lagos-Kano Railway Lagos to Kano, Nigeria 2011-ongoing, Abuja to Kajuna completed in 2016 China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation US$8.3bn [20]
Sudan Railway Khartoum to Port Sudan, Sudan 2007–2012, 2014 opened China Railway Engineering Corporation US$1.5bn [21][15]
TAZARA Railway Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia 1970-1975 Railway Engineering Corps (now CRCC), Ministry of Railways (now CCECC) US$500m Currently in need of reinvestment
Uganda Railway Malaba, Kampala, Kasese, Uganda to Rwanda and South Sudan 2015-ongoing China Harbour Engineering (subsidiary of China Communications Construction) US$8bn [22][23][24]

List of director generals

Footnotes
  1. Including revenue from "Railway Construction Fund"
  2. EBIT, including revenue from "Railway Construction Fund" but excluding contribution to "Water Conservancy Construction Fund"
gollark: ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3import argparseimport subprocessimport randomimport stringparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Compile a WHY program using WHYJIT.")parser.add_argument("input", help="File containing WHY source code")parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="Filename of the output executable to make", default="./a.why")parser.add_argument("-O", "--optimize", help="Optimization level", type=int, default="0")args = parser.parse_args()def randomword(length): letters = string.ascii_lowercase return ''.join(random.choice(letters) for i in range(length))def which(program): proc = subprocess.run(["which", program], stdout=subprocess.PIPE) if proc.returncode == 0: return proc.stdout.replace(b"\n", b"") else: return Nonedef find_C_compiler(): compilers = ["gcc", "clang", "tcc", "cc"] for compiler in compilers: path = which(compiler) if path != None: return pathdef build_output(code, mx): C_code = f"""#define QUITELONG long long intconst QUITELONG max = {mx};int main() {{ volatile QUITELONG i = 0; // disable some "optimizations" that RUIN OUR BEAUTIFUL CODE! while (i < max) {{ i++; }} {code}}} """ heredoc = randomword(100) devnull = "2>/dev/null" shell_script = f"""#!/bin/shTMP1=/tmp/ignore-meTMP2=/tmp/ignore-me-tooTMP3=/tmp/dont-look-here cat << {heredoc} > $TMP1{C_code}{heredoc}sed -e '1,/^exit \$?$/d' "$0" > $TMP3chmod +x $TMP3$TMP3 -x c -o $TMP2 $TMP1chmod +x $TMP2$TMP2exit $?""".encode("utf-8") with open(find_C_compiler(), "rb") as f: return shell_script + f.read()input = args.inputoutput = args.outputwith open(input, "r") as f: contents = f.read() looplen = max(1000, (2 ** -args.optimize) * 1000000000) code = build_output( contents, looplen ) with open(output, "wb") as out: out.write(code)```
gollark: I mean, it uses (y, x) coordinates, if I remember correctly!
gollark: Where n = infinity.
gollark: Which bot? And what is `FALSE`?
gollark: Also, add Rust support!

See also

References
  1. 中国铁路总公司2015年年度报告 [China Railway Corporation 2015 Annual Report] (in Chinese). archive of Shangjai Clearing House. April 29, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  2. "国家铁路局". www.nra.gov.cn. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  3. 铁路公安转制公务员 中铁总公司“企业代管”八万警察 Archived March 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, 《中国经营报》,2013-08-31
  4. "China renames, restructures railway corporation in reform push". Reuters. June 18, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
  5. 樊, 曦 (June 18, 2019). "中国国家铁路集团有限公司在京挂牌成立". Xinhuanet (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency.
  6. "中国铁路标志的设计者——陈玉昶 60年前的标志还是这么简洁、漂亮！_刘逸设计_新浪博客". Blog.sina.com.cn. March 13, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  7. "Rologo 标志共和国 | 专注于Logo的网站_Logo设计_Logo欣赏 » 中国铁路标志的设计者——陈玉昶". Rologo.com. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  8. 路徽的来历.
  9. 天津站的复兴号CR400AF标准动车组.
  10. Tracy McVeigh (January 14, 2017). "Silk Road route back in business as China train rolls into London". The Guardian. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  11. "Travelling from China to London - BBC News". BBC. January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  12. O'Dowd, Emily. "Special report: How five major African rail projects are supported by China". Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  13. Kacungira, Nancy (June 8, 2017). "Is Kenya's new railway good value for money?". BBC News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  14. "The Report: Algeria 2010 page 165". Oxford Publishing Group. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  15. "Chinese Funded Railways". CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  16. "Government Signs Commercial Contract for the Nairobi to Malaba SGR Section with CCCC". Kenya Railways. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  17. "Mali signs $11bn agreements with China for new rail projects". Railway Technology. September 16, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  18. "China to build major new African railway from Mali to the coast". Global Construction Review. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  19. "CCECC sign $11.117 billion Lagos-Calabar Rail Contract line". The Guardian. July 2, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  20. "Abuja-Kaduna Rail line". Railway Technology. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  21. "Construction of railway from Khartoum to Port Sudan". Aiddata. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  22. David Lumu, and Samuel Balagadde (August 30, 2014). "Chinese Firm CHEC Given US$8 Billion Railway Deal". New Vision (Kampala). Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  23. Jin, Haixing (March 31, 2015). "China's Xi Finds Eight Good Reasons to Host Uganda's President". Bloomberg News. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  24. Monitor Reporter, . (March 30, 2015). "Museveni Signs Deal With Chinese Company To Construct Kasese Railway Line". Daily Monitor (Kampala). Retrieved April 1, 2015.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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