Saubach Formation

The Saubach Formation is a geological formation in Austria and Germany, dating to about 180–174 million years ago.[1] It was described originally as Saubachschichten in 1975, and classified as part of the Lower Jurassic Adnet Group.[2]

Saubach Formation Stratigraphic range: Lower-Middle Toarcian ~180 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
The Main Unit of the Formation Appeared near the Hintersee
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Unken Member
Underlies	Klaus Formation
Overlies	Scheibelberg & Adnet Formations
Thickness	1–15 m (3.3–49.2 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Brick red marls with intercalated limestone beds
Other	Bioclastic wackestones and packstones with breccia layers
Location
Region	Osterhorn Mountains
Country	Austria
Type section
Named for	Saubach, a little creek southeast of Schafbachalm
Named by	Krainer & Mostler
Year defined	1997
Saubach Formation (Austria)

Description

Early-Mid Jurassic (170 Ma)

This formation is part of a near-shore to epicontinental marine-influenced deposits, coeval in age with the Sachrang Formation, that was more likely a linked pelagic deposit.[1] After the drowning of the local Rhaetian reef slope and in the adjacent basin, Sinemurian–Toarcian local members were formed as a sequence of increasingly near pelagic sedimentation during the middle and late Liassic.[1] The Coeval on the lowermost part Scheck Member has evidence of a series of large scale tectonic activities culminating during the late Pliensbachian and early Toarcian, probably linked to the Vulcanism of the adjacent Irkut Basin.[1] In contrast to the "Adneter Mergel", the Saubach Formation lacks grey marls.[3] In the type area, located at the Saubachgraben near Hintersee (largely destroyed and buried) consists of predominantly red sequences. In some locations, such as Gaissau, the Saubach Formation is dominated by red condensed limestones with only minor marl intercalations.[3] In 1997 the name Saubach Formation was suggested, representing originally a series of Green Bituminous Marls on the Unken Sincline, identical to the strata of the Saubach Member of the Adnet Group.[4] Later was showed that the Saubach Member and the Saubach formation belong to an unique entity, that can be called by both names, and represent a series of marls deposited on marginal marine to Pelagic environments, linked with the Red Marl of the Sachrang Formation.[5]

Fossil content

On Scheibelberg appears with a relatively sharp boundary of just banked and slightly bulbous, greenish gray, rarely also slightly reddish Marl overlaid with Limestone and marl. This sequence was interpreted as the main outcrop of the Saubach formation. Switched along these strata in the Saubach Formation are up to 5 m thick bitumen Marbles.[4] There are fossils of Belemnnites, Ammonites and Echinoderms, where Ostracodans and Foraminifera are only to be found very isolated. A group of Bioclastic wackestone is present, and consists of a micro-matrix with plenty of thin shell remains scattered loosely. Furthermore are Echinoderm remains, Ostracodes, foraminifera, radiolaria and represented spiculae. Authentic Pyrite is found in patches to observe.[2] There is an alternate deposition composed mostly by bioclastic wackestone with Echinoderm remains, and other with Mudstone, with abundant echinoderms, foraminifera, Gastropods, echinid spines and pebble spicules. A series of greenish-gray marl Lime facies is rich in Ammonites, including the species Collina cf. gemma, linking the deposit to the Lower Toarcian.[2] The Biota recovered on the Type strata of the formation suggest that the Saubach Formation was deposited with influence of deeper waters.[4]

Sporomorphs

Several plant leaves and fragments of wood wheren´t identified.[3]

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Cingutriletes[6]	Cingutriletes crassimarginatus	Upper Cresten Coals	Spores	Affinities with Bryophyta. Spores from Mosses, probably linked with high humid environments. Related with the more common and more studied coal sections of the lower liassic of Gresten.
Stereisporites[6]	Stereisporites antiquasporites	Upper Cresten Coals	Spores	Affinities with Bryopsida. Spores from Mosses, probably linked with high humid environments. Related with the more common and more studied coal sections of the lower liassic of Gresten.
Lycopodiumsporites[6]	Lycopodiumsporites sp	Upper Cresten Coals	Spores	Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopsida. Spores from vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses. Are found associated with Lagoonal, Deltaic or other similar deposits.
Vitreisporites[6]	Vitreisporites sp	Upper Cresten Coals	Spores	Affinities with Gymnospermophyta. Uncertain Classification
Leschikisporis[6]	Leschikisporis aduncus	Upper Cresten Coals	Spores	Affinities with Blechnales. Spores from Indeterminate Fern Genera
Dictyophyllidites[6]	Dictyophyllidites austriensis Dictyophyllidites enigmaticus	Upper Cresten Coals	Spores	Affinities with Matoniaceae inside Gleicheniales. Fern Spores related to large colonies of ferns, that are find on modern days on mostly Tropical Settings.
Polypodiidites[6]	Polypodiidites minutus	Upper Cresten Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Polypodiaceae. Spores from Rocks ferns.
Simplicesporites[6]	Simplicesporites sp	Upper Cresten Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Polypodiaceae. Spores from Rocks ferns.
Laricoidites[6]	Laricoidites sp	Upper Cresten Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Gymnospermopsida. Pollen related with Cycadophytes and Coniferophytes.
Ginkgocycadophytus[6]	Ginkgocycadophytus sp	Upper Cresten Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Cycadophyta. Pollen related to arbustive to arboreal plants
Ginkgoretectina[6]	Ginkgoretectina sp	Upper Cresten Coals	Pollen	Affinities with Ginkgoales. Pollen from arboreal plants related with modern Ginkos, probably from nearshore forests.

Gastropoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Ataphrus[7]	Ataphrus? leviusculus	Bischof quarry Dumberger quarry	Shells	A Sea Snail, type member of the family Ataphridae inside Trochoidea. While most of the specimens were recovered from the slightly older Hierlatz Limestone a series of similar specimens were recovered on the Saubach Realm. There are more than a dozen local Gatropod specimens without identification.

Cephalopoda

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Lytoceras[8]	Lytoceras fimbriatum	Gaissau	Shells	Type Lytoceratidae ammonite
Collina[4]	Collina gemma	Gaissau	Shells	Type Dactylioceratidae ammonite. Found mostly on the mediterranean realm.
Ligeiceras[9]	Ligeiceras jurense	Bischof quarry Dumberger quarry	Shells	Type Nautilidae Nautilidan. This Nautiloid is one of the most abundant local cephalopods on the Toarcian Strata, linked to the most nearshore horizons of the Formation.

Crustacea

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Polycope[10]	Polycope spp.	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	Type Ostracodan of the family Polycopidae. Marine ostracods, related to animals in the suborder Halocypridina.
Liasina[10]	Liasina lanceolata Liasina vestibulifera	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Pontocyprididae. Small marine ostracods related with abundant Green Algae environments
Gramannicythere[10]	? Gramannicythere "sp. A" Gramannicythere "sp. B"	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Pontocyprididae. Small marine ostracods
Kinkelinella[10]	? Kinkelinella sp.	Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Pontocyprididae. Small marine ostracods
Cardobairdia[10]	Cardobairdia liasica Cardobairdia "sp. A"	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Saipanettidae. Small marine ostracods
Bairdia[10]	Bairdia cf. clio Bairdia sp.	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae. Small marine ostracods
Bairdiacypris[10]	Bairdiacypris cf. sartriensis ? Bairdiacypris "form A" Bairdiacypris "form B" Bairdiacypris "form C" Bairdiacypris "form D" Bairdiacypris "form E" Bairdiacypris "form F" ? Bairdiacypris "form G"	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae. Marine Ostracodans related with basinal deposits. Most diverse genus found on the formation
Isobythocypris[10]	Isobythocypris postera Isobythocypris tatei	Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae. Marine Ostracodans related with basinal deposits.
Ptychobairdia[10]	Ptychobairdia schaubergeri	Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae. Marine Ostracodans related with basinal deposits.
Fabalicypris[10]	Fabalicypris "sp. A"	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	An Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae. Marine Ostracodans related with basinal deposits.
Bythocypris[10]	Bythocypris sp.	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	Type Ostracodan of the family Bythocyprididae. Marine Ostracodans related with basinal deposits.
Procytherura[10]	Procytherura ex gr. suebica	Bäreck Scheibelberg	Valves	Type Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae. Ostracods found on Epicontinental waters

Ophiuroidea

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Ophioliassica[11]	Ophioliassica ingridae	Unken	Fragmentary Arms	A Brittle star of the Family Myophiuroida. This genus is related with the lower Sinemurian strata, where is more common and was first described. Probably a marginal marine Genus.
Ophiocapillus[11]	Ophiocapillus verticiformis	Unken	Fragmentary Arms	A Brittle star of the Family Myophiuroida. Found only in this region, its fossils range since the Middle Sinemurian.
Sinosura[11]	Sinosura brodiei Sinosura schneideri	Unken	Fragmentary Arms	A Brittle star of the Family Aplocomidae. Linked with coeval strata from France and Germany.
Sigsbeia[11]	Sigsbeia lunaris	Unken	Fragmentary Arms	A Brittle star of the Family Hemieuryalidae. The other material known from this genus comes mostly from France.

Crinoidea

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Pentacrinites[11]	Pentacrinites quenstedti	Unken Gissau Hintersee	Stems	A Sea Lily, type genus of the Family Pentacrinitidae. Along with the genus Seridocrinus, Pentacrinites is the most known Pelagic Crinoid, linked to large tree rafts, as recovered on Holzmaden deposits from the same age.

Holothuroidea

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Neomicroantyx[12]	Neomicroantyx ingridae	Salzburg	Holothurian Wheel	A Sea Cucumber of the Family Protocaudinidae. This new species and new genus shows a typical Palaeozoic "Microantyx"-type wheel from Early Jurassic sediments, being possibly related to the Ophiocistioidea family.[13] It is considered by some authors a nomen nudum and has been synonymized with Staurocaudina.[14]	Neomicroantyx has been Synonymyzed or aligned with the genus Staurocaudina, whose recent relatives include the genus Colochirus
Praeeuphronides[15][12]	Praeeuphronides crassirimosus Praeeuphronides latus Praeeuphronides multiperforatus Praeeuphronides simplex	Salzburg	Sclerites	A Sea Cucumber of the Family Stichopitidae.
Syneuphronides[15][12]	Syneuphronides jurassicus	Salzburg	Sclerites	A Sea Cucumber of the Family Stichopitidae. Related with soft substrates, such as sand or rubble, this Sclerites resemble the modern genus Isostichopus, but from a larger Sea Cucumber Genus. It is found associated with Abundant Foramifera.	Modern Genus Isostichopus can be related to Syneuphronides
Punctatites[15][12]	Punctatites triplex Punctatites aequiperforatus Punctatites extensus	Salzburg	Sclerites	A Sea Cucumber of the Family Stichopitidae.
Theelia[15][12]	Theelia stellifera Theelia liassica Theelia loferensis	Salzburg	Sclerites	A Sea Cucumber of the Family Chiridotidae.
Uncinulina[15][12]	Uncinulina parvispinosa Uncinulina acanthica Uncinulina levis	Steinbruch	Sclerites	A Sea Cucumber of the Family Elasipodida. A Pelagic Sea Cucumber.	Example of Elasipodidan sea cucumber, Uncinulina was probably similar

See also

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria
• Toarcian turnover
• Toarcian formations
  • Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy
  • Calcare di Sogno, Italy
  • Úrkút Manganese Ore Formation, Hungary
  • Posidonia Shale, Lagerstätte in Germany
  • Ciechocinek Formation, Germany and Poland
  • Krempachy Marl Formation, Poland and Slovakia
  • Lava Formation, Lithuania
  • Azilal Group, North Africa
  • Whitby Mudstone, England
  • Fernie Formation, Alberta and British Columbia
    • Poker Chip Shale
  • Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia
  • Navajo Sandstone, Utah
  • Los Molles Formation, Argentina
  • Mawson Formation, Antarctica
  • Kandreho Formation, Madagascar
  • Kota Formation, India
  • Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia

References

1. Böhm, F. (2003). Lithostratigraphy of the Adnet Group (Lower to Middle Jurassic, Salzburg, Austria) (pp. 231–268). VÖAW.
2. Plöchinger, B. (1975). The Jura profile on the Zwölferhorn west flank (Northern Osterhorn Group, Salzburg). Geol. B.-A , 1975 , 27–33.
3. Tollmann, A. (1976). Analyse des klassischen nordalpinen Mesozoikums (Vol. 2). Wien: Deuticke.
4. Krainer, K., & Mostler, H. (1997). Die Lias-beckenentwicklung der Unkener synklinale (nördliche Kalkalpen, salzburg) unter besonderer berücksichtigung der scheibelberg Formation. Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, 22, 1–41.
5. Gawlick, H., Missoni, S., Schlagintweit, F., Suzuki, H., Frisch, W., Krystyn, L., ... & Lein, R. (2009). Jurassic Tectonostratigraphy of the Austroalpine domain. Journal of Alpine Geology, 50, 1-152.
6. Singh,H.P. (1967) A miospore assemblage from the Liassic coal of Cresten, Austria. The Palaeobotanist Vol. 15 # 3 P. 281- 285
7. Stoliczka, F. (1861). Über die Gastropoden und Acephalen der Hierlatz-Schichten. Aus der kk hof-und Staatsdruckerei.
8. Dommergues, J. L., Meister, C. H. R. I. S. T. I. A. N., & Böhm, F. (1995). New data on Austroalpine Liassic ammonites from the Adnet quarries and adjacent areas (Salzburg, Northern Calcareous Alps). Jahrbuch der geologischen Bundesanstalt, 138(2), 161-205.
9. J. Pia. 1914. Untersuchungen über die liassischen Nautiloidea. Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients 27:19-86
10. J. Harloff and R. Jäger. 1994. Ostracoden aus dem Lias der Kalkalpen Bayerns und Nordtirols. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 205:1-63
11. Böhm, F. (1992). Mikrofazies und Ablagerungsmilieu des Lias und Dogger der nordöstlichen Kalkalpen. Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen, (121), 57-217.
12. Krainer, K., Mostler, H. E. L. F. R. I. E. D., & Haditsch, J. G. (1994). Jurassische Bekkenbildung in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen bei Lofer (Salzburg) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Manganerz-Genese (pp. 257-293). na.
13. REICH, M. (2012). On Mesozoic laetmogonid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Elasipodida). Zoosymposia, 7(1), 185-212.
14. Boczarowski, A. (2012) Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn (Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland). In: Gedl, P. & Kaim, A. (Eds.), Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Krákow-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 351–366.
15. H. Mostler. 1972. Holothuriensklerite aus dem Jura der Nördlischen Kalkalpen und Südtiroler Dolomiten. Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 2(6):1-29