Kota Formation

The Kota Formation is a geological formation in India. The precise age of Kota Formation are uncertain, but it dates from the Early to Middle Jurassic, and is split into a Lower Member and Upper Member[1]. The lower member is thought to be Hettangian-Pliensbachian[2]. While the upper unit is thought to be Toarcian, but may possibly extend into the Aalenian.[3] It conformably overlies the Dharmaram Formation which is Late Triassic to earliest Jurassic and is unconformably overlain by the Early Cretaceous Gangapur Formation. The lower member is approximately 100 m thick while the upper member is 490 m thick. Both subunits primarily consist of mudstone and sandstone, but near the base of the upper unit there is a 20-30 metre thick succession of limestone deposited in a freshwater setting.[4]

Kota Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early-Mid Jurassic
~200–174 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsLower & Upper members
UnderliesUnconformity with the Gangapur Formation
OverliesDharmaram Formation
Thickness550–600 m (1,800–1,970 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, sandstone
OtherLimestone
Location
Coordinates18.9°N 80.0°E / 18.9; 80.0
Approximate paleocoordinates31.6°S 31.9°E / -31.6; 31.9
RegionTelangana
Country India
ExtentPranhita-Godavari Basin
Type section
Named forKota Village
Kota Formation (India)

Fossil content
Early-Mid Jurassic (170 Ma)

Vertebrates

Indeterminate thyreophoran remains geographically present in Telangana State, India. These were given the name Andhrasaurus by Roman Ulansky in 2014.[2]

Ornithodires
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Barapasaurus B. tagorei Telangana State Lower Member "Scattered remains of more than [six] partial skeletons without skulls, manus, or pes." [2][5]
Campylognathoides C. indicus Chanda District, Deccan [6]
Dandakosaurus D. indicus "Proximal pubis."[7] [2]
Kotasaurus K. yamanpaliensis[2] Telangana State[2] Lower Member "Nearly complete skeleton without skull."[8] [2]
Testudinatans
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Indochelys[9] I. spatulata 3 km NNE of Kistapur village, Pranhita River, Kota Upper member Carapace fragments[10] Mesochelydian stem-turtle
Mammaliaformes
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Gondtherium[1] B. dattai[1]
Kotatherium[11] K. haldanei[11]
Indotherium[12]. I. pranhitai[12]

Invertebrates
Insects[13][14]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes

Kotaphialtites

K. frankmortoni

Sirpur Taluka, Tasch's K1 outcrop bed 2(A)

An ephialtitid hymenopteran.

Taschigatra

T. bharataja

Sirpur Taluka, Tasch's K1 outcrop bed 3(A)

A rhagionid dipteran.

T. tulyabhijana

Sirpur Taluka, Tasch's K1 outcrop bed 2(A)

A rhagionid dipteran.

Xyelula

X. alexandri

Kota Formation outcrop K-2

A sepulcid hymenopteran.

Protogryllus P. (Protogryllus) lakshmi Kota Formation outcrop K-2 A protogryllid cricket
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See also

References
  1. Prasad GVR, and Manhas BK. 2007. A new docodont mammal from the Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Palaeontologia electronica, 10.2: 1-11
  2. Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Jurassic, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 534–535. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  3. Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Gillette, David D.; Ray, Sanghamitra; Sengupta, Dhurjati P. (2010-03-19). "Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India: OSTEOLOGY OF BARAPASAURUS TAGOREI". Palaeontology. 53 (3): 533–569. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00933.x.
  4. Goswami, Suparna; Gierlowski-Kordesch, Elizabeth; Ghosh, Parthasarathi (January 2018). "Sedimentology of the Early Jurassic limestone beds of the Kota Formation: record of carbonate wetlands in a continental rift basin of India". Journal of Paleolimnology. 59 (1): 21–38. doi:10.1007/s10933-016-9918-y. ISSN 0921-2728.
  5. "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 263.
  6. Wellnhofer, Peter (1991). "Summary of Lower Jurassic Pterosaurs." The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. London, UK: Salamander Books Limited. p. 79. ISBN 0-86101-566-5.
  7. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
  8. "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 261.
  9. Datta, P.M.; Manna, P.; Ghosh, S.C.; Das, D. P. (April 2000). "The First Jurassic turtle from India". Palaeontology. 43 (1): 99–109. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00120. ISSN 0031-0239.
  10. Joyce, Walter G.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (2020-02-11). "A reevaluation of the basal turtle Indochelys spatulata from the Early–Middle Jurassic (Toarcian–Aalenian) of India, with descriptions of new material". PeerJ. 8: e8542. doi:10.7717/peerj.8542. ISSN 2167-8359.
  11. Datta PM. 1981. The first Jurassic mammal from India. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 73:307-312
  12. Yadagiri P. 1984. New symmetrodonts from Kota Formation (Early Jurassic), India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 25:514-621
  13. Mostovski M.B., Jarzembowski E.A. 2000. The first brachycerous flies (Diptera: Rhagionidae) from the Lower Jurassic of Gondwana. Paleontological Journal 34 (Suppl. 3): 367-369.
  14. Rasnitsyn A.P. 2008. New hymenopteran insects (Insecta: Vespida) from the Lower or Middle Jurassic of India. Paleontological Journal 42 (1): 81-85. Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine
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