Royal city in Poland

In the history of Poland, a royal city or royal town (Polish: miasto królewskie) was an urban settlement within the crown lands (Polish: królewszczyzna).[1]

Medal commemorating the Law on the Cities

The most influential royal cities enjoyed voting rights during the free election period in Poland (1572-1791). These cities were Gdańsk, Warsaw, Kraków, Poznań, Lviv, Vilnius, Toruń, Lublin, Kamianets and Elbląg. Other important royal cities included Gniezno (ecclesiastical capital of Poland and former capital of early medieval Poland), Płock (former capital of medieval Poland), Grodno (general sejm location alongside Warsaw), Bydgoszcz and Piotrków (Crown Tribunal locations alongside Lublin).

Law on the Cities
Main article: Free Royal Cities Act

On April 18, 1791, the Great Sejm adopted the Free Royal Cities Act (full title: "Miasta nasze królewskie wolne w państwach Rzeczypospolitej" - "Our Free Royal Cities in the States of the Commonwealth"), included as Article III into the Constitution of May 3, 1791.

The law granted a number of privileges for the residents of royal cities. Many of these privileges and rights have already been enjoyed by major royal cities, and the law effectively equalized all royal cities in this respect. It also includes some rights earlier enjoyed only by szlachta.

Royal cities by region
Warsaw in the 18th century
Gdańsk in the 16th century
Poznań in the 17th century

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

Greater Poland Province
Elbląg in the 18th century
Toruń in the 17th century

Lesser Poland Province
Kraków, Kleparz and Kazimierz in the 17th century - agglomeration of three royal cities
Lviv in the 17th century
Lublin in the 17th century
Kamianets-Podilskyi in the 17th century
Przemyśl in the 17th century
Sandomierz in the 17th century
Chełm in the 18th century
Biecz in the 17th century
Lutsk in the 18th century

Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Vilnius in the 17th century
Grodno in the 16th century
Kaunas in the 17th century
Brest in the 17th century
Mogilev in the 18th century
Trakai in the 17th century
  • Adelsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Astryna (today part of Belarus)
  • Azarychy (today part of Belarus)
  • Azyory (today part of Belarus)
  • Berżniki (today part of Poland)
  • Babruysk (today part of Belarus)
  • Braslaw (today part of Belarus)
  • Brest (today part of Belarus)
  • Chachersk (today part of Belarus)
  • Chavusy (today part of Belarus)
  • Cherykaw (today part of Belarus)
  • Druskininkai (today part of Lithuania)
  • Drysa (today part of Belarus)
  • Drysvyaty (today part of Belarus)
  • Dyvin (today part of Belarus)
  • Dzisna (today part of Belarus)
  • Eišiškės (today part of Lithuania)
  • Filipów (today part of Poland)
  • Gomel (today part of Belarus)
  • Grodno (today part of Belarus)
  • Haradnaya (today part of Belarus)
  • Hieraniony (today part of Belarus)
  • Hozha (today part of Belarus)
  • Jałówka (today part of Poland)
  • Janów (today part of Poland)
  • Jeleniewo (today part of Poland)
  • Jurbarkas (today part of Lithuania)
  • Kalinkavichy (today part of Belarus)
  • Kamyenyets (today part of Belarus)
  • Kaunas (today part of Lithuania)
  • Khotsimsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Kletsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Klichaw (today part of Belarus)
  • Kobryn (today part of Belarus)
  • Korycin (today part of Poland)
  • Krasnapollye (today part of Belarus)
  • Krasnopol (today part of Poland)
  • Krynki (today part of Poland)
  • Krychaw (today part of Belarus)
  • Lahishyn (today part of Belarus)
  • Lazdijai (today part of Lithuania)
  • Lida (today part of Belarus)
  • Lipnishki (today part of Belarus)
  • Lunna (today part of Belarus)
  • Łomazy (today part of Poland)
  • Malyech (today part of Belarus)
  • Masty (today part of Belarus)
  • Mazyr (today part of Belarus)
  • Milejczyce (today part of Poland)
  • Minsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Mogilev (today part of Belarus)
  • Motal (today part of Belarus)
  • Mstsibava (today part of Belarus)
  • Mstsislaw (today part of Belarus)
  • Myadzyel (today part of Belarus)
  • Novy Dvor (today part of Belarus)
  • Opsa (today part of Belarus)
  • Orsha (today part of Belarus)
  • Parychy (today part of Belarus)
  • Pinsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Piszczac (today part of Poland)
  • Polotsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Porazava (today part of Belarus)
  • Prapoysk (today part of Belarus)
  • Pruzhany (today part of Belarus)
  • Przerośl (today part of Poland)
  • Pyerabroddzye (today part of Belarus)
  • Pryvalki (today part of Belarus)
  • Radashkovichy (today part of Belarus)
  • Radun (today part of Belarus)
  • Rahachow (today part of Belarus)
  • Rechytsa (today part of Belarus)
  • Sharashova (today part of Belarus)
  • Skidzyel’ (today part of Belarus)
  • Sokółka (today part of Poland)
  • Suchowola (today part of Poland)
  • Surazh, Vitebsk Voivodeship (today part of Belarus)
  • Szczebra (today part of Poland)
  • Šventoji (today part of Lithuania)
  • Traby (today part of Belarus)
  • Trakai (today part of Lithuania)
  • Usvyaty (today part of Russia)
  • Vasilishki (today part of Belarus)
  • Vawkavysk (today part of Belarus)
  • Velizh (today part of Russia)
  • Vilniaus (today part of Lithuania)
  • Virbalis (today part of Lithuania)
  • Vištytis (today part of Lithuania)
  • Vitebsk (today part of Belarus)
  • Vladislavovas (today part of Lithuania)
  • Voupa (today part of Belarus)
  • Wasilków (today part of Poland)
  • Wiżajny (today part of Poland)
  • Wohyń (today part of Poland)

Royal castles and residences

Examples of Polish royal castles and residences found in former royal cities of Poland:

Old towns

Examples of Polish royal cities historic centers include:

gollark: All in less than two kilobytes of Python! I think!
gollark: Basically, my WHY JIT compiler sticks your actual code into a skeleton with the busy loop, then embeds that into a shell script which writes a C compiler (embedded at the end of the script using a bizarre quirk of shell scripts where you can just stick anything in after an exit and it won't care) to a temporary file, writes the skeletoned code into another one from a heredoc, executes the C compiler temporary file with the code temporary file as input (it outputs to another temporary file), executes the result, and exits with the return code.
gollark: Void main got popular, so they just allow it.
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See also

References
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