October 1935

October 1, 1935 (Tuesday)

October 2, 1935 (Wednesday)

  • Unconfirmed reports circulated of a battle between Italians and Ethiopians in the vicinity of Mousa Ali. Italian officials denied the reports.[3]
  • Benito Mussolini gave a radio address in Rome informing Italians that "A solemn hour is about to sound in the history of the fatherland ... For many months the wheels of destiny have been moving toward their goal under the impulse of our calm determination. In the latter hours their rhythm has become more swift and by now cannot be stopped. It is not only an army that strives towards its objectives but a whole people of 44 million souls against whom an attempt is being made to consumnate the blackest of injustices – that of depriving us of some small place in the sun."[4][5]
  • Bulgaria imposed a state of emergency after a failed coup against the government.[6]
  • Born: Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., astronaut, in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1967)

October 3, 1935 (Thursday)

October 4, 1935 (Friday)

  • France informed Britain that it would support the enforcement of sanctions against Italy and pledged military support in the event of any attack that arose from them.[10]
  • Italian forces captured Adigrat and Enticho.[11]
  • The Italian delegation at the League of Nations maintained that Italy was not waging war, but was only engaged in "military police measures to establish order."[12]
  • Luna Park opened in Sydney, Australia.
  • Died: Jean Béraud, 86, French painter

October 5, 1935 (Saturday)

October 6, 1935 (Sunday)

  • Italian forces captured Adwa.[11]
  • Haile Selassie made another public statement to the world through the Associated Press, saying, "Mr. Mussolini charges us with being barbarians and says he wishes to civilize us. Is the wanton slaughter of women and children by air bombs and machine guns the kind of civilization he wishes to give us? ... Despite the fact that our empire is faced with the gravest crisis of its long and glorious history – a crisis with which we have always striven to live in peace and amity – we still place all our faith in the League of Nations, which is pledged to defend its members, the small as well as the great, from unjustifiable aggression."[14]
  • Communists in Mexico City tore the swastika flag from Germany's honorary consulate and dragged it through the streets.[15]
  • Born: Bruno Sammartino, professional wrestler, in Abruzzo, Italy (d. 2018); Charito Solis, film actress, in Tondo, Manila, Philippines (d. 1998)

October 7, 1935 (Monday)

  • By unanimous vote, the League of Nations declared Italy guilty of committing an act of war against all members of the organization by invading Abyssinia. The vote laid the basis for economic sanctions.[16]
  • The Detroit Tigers won the World Series with a 4–3 victory over the Chicago Cubs in Game 6.
  • The French dockworker's union called on its members to boycott the loading and unloading of Italian ships.[17]
  • The United States Supreme Court moved to the new $10 million Supreme Court Building.[18]
  • Five people were arrested in Los Angeles as suspects in a plot to extort $1,000 from Mae West by sending letters threatening to kill her or disfigure her by throwing acid in her face.[19]
  • Died: Francis Wilson, 81, American actor

October 8, 1935 (Tuesday)

  • Mussolini forbade anyone from bringing more than 2,000 lire into Italy at a time. Tourists had been changing their money for Italian currency in adjoining countries at a considerable discount.[20]
  • Clement Attlee was appointed the interim leader of the Labour Party.[2]

October 9, 1935 (Wednesday)

October 10, 1935 (Thursday)

October 11, 1935 (Friday)

  • The League of Nations applied its first round of sanctions against Italy, imposing a general arms embargo against the country. Members were asked to take steps to prevent arms from passing indirectly to Italy through any third party such as Austria.[27]
  • Joan Crawford and Franchot Tone were married in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.[28]

October 12, 1935 (Saturday)

October 13, 1935 (Sunday)

  • The Soviet Union directed a note of protest to Japan over the border incident, accusing the Japanese-Manchukuan detachment of breaching the Siberian border nearly a mile. The Japanese contended that it was the Russians who crossed the border.[29]

October 14, 1935 (Monday)

October 15, 1935 (Tuesday)

October 16, 1935 (Wednesday)

October 17, 1935 (Thursday)

  • Hans Schweitzer was appointed Germany's Reichsbeauftragten für künstlerische Formgebung (Reich Commissioner for Artistic Design).[34]

October 18, 1935 (Friday)

October 19, 1935 (Saturday)

  • The sanctions committee of the League of Nations approved a British proposal for a complete boycott of Italian goods.[37]

October 20, 1935 (Sunday)

October 21, 1935 (Monday)

October 22, 1935 (Tuesday)

October 23, 1935 (Wednesday)

October 24, 1935 (Thursday)

October 25, 1935 (Friday)

October 26, 1935 (Saturday)

October 27, 1935 (Sunday)

October 28, 1935 (Monday)

  • Civilians in Mek'ele were ordered to evacuate in anticipation of an Italian offensive.[49]

October 29, 1935 (Tuesday)

  • Mussolini proclaimed food restrictions, going into effect November 5, in order to fight the effects of boycotting and sanctions. Butcher shops were to close on Tuesdays and were forbidden from selling beef, veal, mutton, lamb or pork on Wednesdays. Since butcher shops already usually closed on Thursdays and most Italians refrained from eating meat on Fridays, the decree amounted to a half-week ban on meat.[50]
  • Nazi Germany partially lifted the February 21 gag order on Jewish philosopher Martin Buber. He was permitted to continue his teaching activities as they promoted the emigration of young Jews to Palestine.[51]
  • Born: Isao Takahata, filmmaker and co-founder of Studio Ghibli, in Ise, Mie, Japan (d. 2018)

October 30, 1935 (Wednesday)

  • Nazi Germany announced a general inspection of all vehicles in the country to determine and catalogue their suitability for military use in the event of an emergency.[52]
  • Germany instructed its ambassador in Britain to lodge a protest over an article written by Winston Churchill in The Strand Magazine. In the article, Churchill wrote that "history is replete with examples of men who have risen to power by employing stern, grim, wicked and even frightful methods, but who, nevertheless, when their life is revealed as a whole, have been regarded as great figures whose lives have enriched the story of mankind. So may it be with Hitler." According to Churchill, time would tell whether Hitler would go down in history as "a monster or a hero."[53][54]
  • Born: Robert Caro, journalist and author, in New York City; Agota Kristof, writer, in Csikvánd, Hungary (d. 2011); Jim Perry, baseball player, in Williamston, North Carolina

October 31, 1935 (Thursday)

References

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  2. Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 457, 459. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  3. "Ethiopia Charges Air Raid". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 3, 1935. p. 1.
  4. "Rome Mobilizes Entire Nation to Hear Speech". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 2, 1935. pp. 1–2.
  5. "Mussolini Justifies War Against Ethiopia". Dickinson College. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  6. "Tageseinträge für 2. Oktober 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  7. "France and Britain Plan Finance Boycott of Italy". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 3, 1935. p. 1.
  8. "Italy Hits With 4 Armies". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 4, 1935. p. 1.
  9. Schultz, Sigrid (October 4, 1935). "Germany Adopts 'Hands Off' Rule for Italian War". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
  10. "Laval Gets Free Hand on How to Deal with War". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 5, 1935. p. 1.
  11. Nicolle, David (2005). The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935–36. Osprey Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-85532-692-7.
  12. "It's Not War, Italy Insists". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 5, 1935. p. 1.
  13. "Tageseinträge für 5. Oktober 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  14. "Emperor of Ethiopia Scores Italy's Troops as 'Slaughterers'". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 7, 1935. p. 2.
  15. "Mexican Reds Drag Nazi Flag Through Streets". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 7, 1935. p. 5.
  16. "Council Votes Italy Guilty; Sanction Action Next Step". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 7, 1935. p. 1.
  17. "Tageseinträge für 7. Oktober 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  18. "U.S. Supreme Court Will Move Today to New 10 Million Home". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 7, 1935. p. 4.
  19. "Threaten Acid for Mae West; 5 Held in Plot". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 8, 1935. p. 1.
  20. "Mussolini Tightens Regulation Against the "Black Bourse"". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 9, 1935. p. 5.
  21. "Austria, Hungary Bar Sanctions; Refuse to Aid League Against Italy". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 9, 1935. p. 1.
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  28. "Joan Crawford and Franchot Tone Wed Secretly Two Days". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 14, 1935. p. 1.
  29. "Russia Protests to Tokio Over Guards' Slaying". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 14, 1935. p. 4.
  30. "Tageseinträge für 14. Oktober 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  31. Schultz, Sigrid (October 16, 1935). "Launching of 21 Submarines by Nazis Revealed". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 22.
  32. "40 Hurt as Riot Rages in Bottom of British Mine". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 17, 1935. p. 10.
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  34. "Tageseinträge für 17. Oktober 1935". chroniknet. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  35. Schultz, Sigrid (October 19, 1935). "Hitler Decrees Health Rules for Marriages". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 4.
  36. "British Sailors Go to Rescue of Italians as Blasts Kill Six". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 19, 1935. p. 1.
  37. "League Votes Boycott on Italy". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 19, 1935. p. 1.
  38. "This Day in History – Mao's Long March Concludes". History. A&E Networks. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
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  41. [1935] UKPC 62.
  42. "Cuban Hurricane Kills Three As President Speeds Home". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 22, 1935. p. 1.
  43. "Ring of Flame Perils Film Colony". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 24, 1935. p. 1.
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  47. "Stay Away from Boycott, Il Duce Warns Nations". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 27, 1935. p. 2.
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  49. "Italy Advances As Ethiops Order Makale Vacated". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 28, 1935. p. 1.
  50. "Mussolini Puts Italy on Diet to Fight Boycott". Chicago Daily Tribune. October 30, 1935. p. 1.
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  52. "Hitler Orders Test of Reich Motorcars For an Emergency". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 30, 1935. p. 1.
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  56. "John Henry Lewis". BoxRec. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
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