Isuzu Motors

Isuzu Motors Ltd. (Japanese: いすゞ自動車株式会社, Hepburn: Isuzu Jidōsha Kabushiki-Kaisha, TYO: 7202), trading as Isuzu (Japanese pronunciation: [isɨᵝzɨᵝ], /iˈsuːzuː/), is a Japanese commercial vehicle and diesel engine manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo. Its principal activity is the production, marketing and sale of Isuzu commercial vehicles and diesel engines.

"Isuzu" redirects here. For other uses, see Isuzu (disambiguation).
Isuzu Motors Ltd.
Native name
いすゞ自動車株式会社
Isuzu Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha
Public
Traded asTYO: 7202
TOPIX Large 70 Component
ISINJP3137200006 
IndustryManufacturing
Founded1878 (1878) (as petroleum company)
30 March 1934 (1934-03-30)
Headquarters
Shinagawa, Tokyo
,
Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Susumu Hosoi
(Chairman)
Masanori Katayama
(President & Representative Director)
ProductsCommercial vehicles, diesel engines
Passenger cars (until 2002)[1]
Revenue ¥1,953.20 billion (2017)[2]
¥146.40 billion (2017)[2]
¥93.90 billion (2017)[2]
Total assets ¥1,521,757 million (2014)
Total equity ¥633,380 million (2014)
Number of employees
7,769 (29,430 consolidated)
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.isuzu.co.jp/world/index.html

It also has a number of subsidiaries, including Anadolu Isuzu (a Turkish joint venture with Anadolu Group), Sollers-Isuzu (a Russian joint venture with Sollers JSC), SML Isuzu (an Indian venture formerly known as Swaraj Mazda), Jiangxi Isuzu Motors (a Chinese joint venture with Jiangling Motors Company Group), Isuzu Astra Motor Indonesia, Isuzu Malaysia (Isuzu HICOM), Isuzu UK, Isuzu South Africa, Isuzu Philippines, Taiwan Isuzu Motors, Isuzu Vietnam, Isuzu Motors India and BYD Isuzu.

Isuzu has assembly and manufacturing plants in Fujisawa, as well as in the Tochigi and Hokkaidō prefectures. Isuzu-branded vehicles are sold in most commercial markets worldwide. Isuzu's primary market focus is on commercial diesel-powered truck, buses and construction, while their Japanese competitor Yanmar focuses on commercial-level powerplants and generators.

By 2009, Isuzu had produced over 21 million diesel engines, which can be found in vehicles all over the world.[3] Isuzu diesel engines are used by dozens of vehicle manufacturers, including General Motors.

The name Isuzu translates into English as "fifty bells".

History

Isuzu Motors' history began in 1916, when Tokyo Ishikawajima Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd. planned a cooperation with the Tokyo Gas and Electric Industrial Co. to build automobiles. The next step was taken in 1918, when a technical cooperation with Wolseley Motors Limited was initiated, yielding exclusive rights to the production and sales of Wolseley vehicles in East Asia.[4] In 1922 came the first ever Japan-produced passenger car, a Wolseley model, the A9.[5] The CP truck followed two years later; 550 of these were built by 1927.[6] In 1933, Ishikawajima Automotive Works merged with DAT Automobile Manufacturing Inc. (a predecessor of Nissan) and changed its name to Automobile Industries Co., Ltd. The products of this company, marketed as "Sumiya" and "Chiyoda",[4] were renamed Isuzu (after the Isuzu River) in 1934, following a meeting with the Japanese Government's Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI). The word Isuzu translated into English means "fifty bells"—hence the focus on "bell" in both the later Bellel and the Bellett.

The first Isuzu emblem, 1949–1974
Second generation Isuzu emblem, 1974–1991
Current Isuzu emblem, 1991–present

In 1937 Automobile Industries was reorganized and formed into a new company, Tokyo Automobile Industries Co., Ltd. It was founded with a capital of ¥1,000,000. Only in 1949 was Isuzu finally adopted as the company name. Meanwhile, in 1942, Hino Heavy Industries was split off from Isuzu, becoming a separate corporation.[7] Truck production (TX40 and TU60) began anew in 1945, with the permission of the occupation authorities.[8] Beginning in 1953 the Hillman Minx passenger car is produced under license of Rootes Group. The Minx remained in production until 1962, after the 1961 introduction of Isuzu's first own car, the Bellel.[4] Being a small producer making cars which were somewhat too large and pricey for the Japanese market at the time, Isuzu spent some time looking for a commercial partner. Under pressure from MITI, who were attempting to limit the number of automobile manufacturers in Japan, a cooperation with Fuji Heavy Industries (Subaru) began in 1966. This joint sales-service collaboration was seen as the first step towards an eventual merger.[9] The Subaru 1000 was even shown in Isuzu's 1967 annual vehicle brochure, as a suitable complement to the larger Isuzu lineup.[10] This tie-up was over by 1968, when an agreement with Mitsubishi was formed. This ended even more quickly, by 1969, and the next year an equally short-lived collaboration was entered with Nissan.[11] A few months later, in September 1971, what was to prove a more durable capital agreement was signed with General Motors.

Linking with General Motors

The first result of GM taking a 34% stake in Isuzu was seen in 1972, when the Chevrolet LUV became the first Isuzu-built vehicle to be sold in the United States. To symbolize the new beginning, Isuzu also developed a new logo for 1974, with two vertical pillars as stylized representations of the first syllable in いすゞ ("Isuzu").[6] In 1974 Isuzu introduced the Gemini, which was co-produced with General Motors as the T-car. It was sold in the United States as Buick's Opel by Isuzu, and in Australia as the Holden Gemini. As a result of the collaboration, certain American GM products were sold to Japanese customers through Isuzu dealerships. Holden's Statesman was also briefly sold (246 examples) with Isuzu badging in Japan during the seventies.[12] Isuzu exports also increased considerably as a result of being able to use GM networks, from 0.7% of production in 1973 to 35.2% by 1976; this while overall production increased more than fourfold in the same period.[11] As a result of the GM joint venture, Isuzu engines were also used by existing GM divisions (some USA-market Chevrolet automobiles had Isuzu powertrains e.g. the Chevette and early S10/S15 trucks manufactured prior to 1985).

1966 Isuzu Bellett 1600 GT (PR90)

In 1981 Isuzu began selling consumer and commercial vehicles under their own brand in the United States. The Isuzu P'Up was the first model sold to consumers as an Isuzu, rather than as a Chevrolet or Buick. Isuzu's then president Toshio Okamoto then initiated a collaboration with small-car expert Suzuki to develop a global small car for GM, the S-car.[13] A three-way agreement of co-ownership was signed in August 1981, with Isuzu and Suzuki exchanging shares and General Motors taking a 5% share of Suzuki.[13] Following on from this, in 1985 Isuzu and GM established the IBC Vehicles venture in the United Kingdom, producing locally built versions of Isuzu and Suzuki light vans (the Isuzu Fargo and Suzuki Carry); to be sold in the European market under Vauxhall's Bedford brand. During this period Isuzu also developed a worldwide presence as an exporter of diesel engines, with their powerplants in use by Opel/Vauxhall, Land Rover, Hindustan, and many others. Two Isuzu model lines (Gemini, Impulse) were marketed as part of the Geo division (Spectrum, Storm) when it was initially launched as a Chevrolet subsidiary. In the domestic Japanese market, OEM deals with other manufacturers were entered to aid the poorly performing passenger car arm. It led to the badging of Suzukis, beginning in 1986,[14] and Subaru small commercial vehicles as Isuzus (Geminett, Geminett II). This OEM tie-up occurred alongside the establishment of SIA (Subaru-Isuzu Automotive), an American joint venture with Fuji Heavy Industries (the parent company of Subaru). Shortly afterwards, the Lafayette, Indiana plant became operational.

Contraction begins
1967 Isuzu Unicab, a two-wheel-drive utility vehicle

Isuzu ended US sales of the Impulse (Geo Storm) in 1992, and the following year it stopped exporting the Stylus (the basis for the Geo Spectrum), the last Isuzu-built car sold in the US.

In 1993 Isuzu began a new vehicle exchange program with Honda, whereby Honda sold the Isuzu Rodeo[15] and Isuzu Trooper as the Honda Passport and Acura SLX, respectively. In return Isuzu began selling the Honda Odyssey as the Isuzu Oasis. Thus, Honda's lineup gained two SUVs, and Isuzu's lineup gained a minivan. In the Japanese market, the Gemini (Stylus) was now a rebadged Honda Domani and the Aska (originally based on the GM J-car) was a Honda Accord.

Isuzu's United States sales reached a peak in 1996 after the introduction of the Isuzu Hombre pickup, a badge-engineered GM truck (using the sheetmetal of the Brazil-market Chevrolet S10). Isuzu resurrected the beloved Amigo in 1998, before changing the name of the 2-door convertible to Rodeo Sport in 2001 in an attempt to associate it with the better selling 4-door Rodeo. The new Axiom launched in 2001, with the fictional salesman Joe Isuzu from 1980s advertising campaigns brought back to promote it. Isuzu sales began to slide due to the ageing of the Rodeo and Trooper, and poor management and a lack of assistance from GM. The Rodeo Sport was discontinued in 2003, while production of the Rodeo and Axiom ceased a year later. By this point sales in North America had slowed to just 27,188, with the discontinued Rodeo and Axiom making up 71% of that total.

In 1998 General Motors and Isuzu formed DMAX, a joint venture to produce diesel engines. GM raised its stake in Isuzu to 49% the following year, effectively gaining control of the company, and quickly followed this up by appointing an American GM executive to head Isuzu's North American Operations. This marked the first time a non-Japanese executive had held such a high position at Isuzu. In 2001 GM and Isuzu announced plans to share distribution networks and for Chevrolet to market an Isuzu product.[16]

The production version of the heralded VehiCROSS was introduced to the US in 1999, but met with mixed reviews, as its high pricetag, unique styling and two-door configuration did not seem to meet with market demands. Production of the VehiCROSS and other sport utility vehicles, including the Trooper, ended in 2001 as part of a major financial reorganization which eliminated almost 10,000 jobs.[16] GM had been pushing the company to focus exclusively on producing commercial vehicles and engines.[16]

The number of Isuzu dealerships in the US began a rapid decline, and by 2005 had only 2 models: the Ascender (a re-badged GMC Envoy) and the i-series pickup truck (a rebadged Chevrolet Colorado). At this point, Isuzu in the US was primarily a distributor of medium duty trucks such as the N-series, sourced both from Japan and US plants in Janesville, Wisconsin and Flint, Michigan. Isuzu had 290 light-vehicle dealers in the US in August 2006, and sold an average of just two Ascenders per dealer per month, and rumors of Isuzu's withdrawal from the US market were rampant. Plans to introduce a new Thai-built SUV for 2007 were shelved when Isuzu Motors Limited decided that a new SUV would be too risky, instead proceeding with the launch of the i-series trucks. Despite extremely low sales figures of 12,177 passenger vehicles for 2005 (with leftover Axiom and Rodeos making up 30% of this), Isuzu Motors America announced its first profit in years, mainly due to restructuring cuts.

In early 2002, Fuji Heavy Industries (Subaru's parent company) bought Isuzu's share of Lafayette, Indiana plant, and Subaru Isuzu Automotive (SIA) became Subaru of Indiana Automotive. After 8 years of heavy Honda Passport sales and light Isuzu Oasis sales, Honda and Isuzu cooperatively ended their vehicle exchange agreement in 2001. The Oasis was dropped, and Honda replaced the Passport with the Pilot. 2001 was Isuzu's last year for passenger vehicles in Canada, as Isuzus in Canada were mostly sold at Saturn-Saab dealerships. In late 2002 Isuzu initiated a recapitalization and debt-for-equity conversion plan to stave off a bankruptcy.[17] GM acquired 20% of DMAX, 60% of Isuzu Motors Polska and Isuzu Motors Germany, and the rights to three types of diesel engine technology from Isuzu.[18] by paying 50 billion yen (about US$425 million).[17] GM also paid 10 billion yen (about US$85 million) for a 12% stake in the recapitalized company.[17] GM wrote off its investment in Isuzu in 2001.[19]

Production of the 7-passenger Ascender ended in February 2006 with the closure of GM's Oklahoma City Assembly plant, leaving Isuzu with the 5-passenger Ascender, built in Moraine, Ohio and the low-selling i-Series as its only retail products. The company sold just 1,504 vehicles in North America in the first two months of 2006. GM ended its equity investment in Isuzu and sold all its shares to Mitsubishi Corporation, Itochu and Mizuho Corporate Bank; both GM and Isuzu claimed the companies would continue their relationship, but there was no word as of April 12, 2006 on the effect this would have on DMAX operations.

Isuzu LT132L on a Hong Kong motorway
Isuzu LV486R CNG City Bus in Bangkok with the CNG-MPI Engine

In June 2006 Isuzu and GM agreed to establish a joint venture called "LCV Platform Engineering Corporation (LPEC)" to develop a new pickup. Isuzu said it would use its engineering expertise to develop the pickup and GM would develop derivatives based on the integrated platform. Mitsubishi Corp became Isuzu's largest shareholder in October 2006, after it converted all the preferred shares in Isuzu it had held since 2005 into common stock, increasing its shareholding from 3.5% to 15.65%.[20]

In November 2006 Toyota purchased 5.9% of Isuzu, becoming the third largest shareholder behind Itochu and Mitsubishi Corporation, and the two companies agreed to study possible business collaboration focusing on the areas of R&D and production of diesel engines, related emissions-control, and other environmental technologies. In January 2007 Isuzu and General Motors updated the LCV range with a 3.0 litre common rail diesel engine that had far more torque and power than its predecessor. In August 2007 Isuzu and Toyota agreed to develop a 1.6-liter diesel engine for use in Toyota vehicles sold in European markets. At this point, details of development, production and supply of the diesel engine were still under discussion, but in principle, Isuzu would play the leading role, with production scheduled to begin around 2012.

On January 30, 2008 Isuzu announced its complete withdrawal from the US market,[21] effective January 31, 2009. It would continue to provide support and parts. The decision was due to lack of sales.[22] Some of the lack of sales was blamed on consumer experiences with low quality engines and service.[23] Isuzu had been experiencing a slow decline since the late 1990s. In less than 10 years, they had gone from selling a complete line of cars, trucks, and SUVs, into being a specialized SUV maker, and finally selling only a pair of rebadged, General Motors Trucks.[24] They company continued to sell commercial vehicles in the US[25]

Isuzu and Toyota shelved development of a clean diesel engine in December 2008.[26]

On January 29, 2009, Isuzu and General Motors announced that they were in talks to transfer the operation of the medium-duty truck production line in Flint, Michigan to Isuzu for a five-year period. In June, however, GM announced that these talks failed to reach an agreement, and GM instead ceased production of the Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC Topkick vehicles on 31 July 2009.[27]

In July 2016, Isuzu and Mazda agreed to collaborate to produce the next-generation pickup trucks for Mazda outside of North America.

Isuzu’s plant in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh began operations in 2016.[28]

In August 2018, Toyota sold off its 5.9% stake in Isuzu.

In December 2019, Isuzu announced that it had signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding which would see it eventually buy UD Trucks from Volvo.[29]

Market presence
Isuzu Gemini with European (Maltese) registration plates
Isuzu NHR (Elf) light truck

In most of Asia and Africa, Isuzu is known primarily for trucks of all sizes, after Isuzu dropped all sales of sedans and compact cars in the late 1990s due to plummeting sales. In the days when Isuzu sold passenger cars, they were known for focusing on the diesel-engined niche. In 1983, for instance, long before the explosion in diesel sales, diesels represented 63.4% of their passenger car production.[30] In 2009, Isuzu abandoned the United States consumer market due to lack of sales. Isuzu as a corporation has always been primarily a manufacturer of small to medium compact automobiles and commercial trucks of sizes medium duty and larger, but markets around the world show different needs.

Isuzu Motors America discontinued the sale of passenger vehicles in the United States on January 31, 2009. The company explained to its dealers that it had not been able to secure replacements for the Isuzu Ascender and Isuzu i-Series that would be commercially viable. Isuzu sold 7,098 cars in the year 2007. This action did not affect Isuzu's commercial vehicle or industrial diesel engine operations in the United States.[22] Isuzu has a contract with Budget Truck Rental to manufacture their rental trucks, shared with Ford, GMC, and Navistar International.[31]

In Australia, Isuzu was for many years a major supplier of light commercial and domestic vehicles to Holden (General Motors). However, by 2008, Holden was sourcing few Isuzus. At this time Isuzu began to sell the D-Max under the Isuzu name.

Isuzu's entry in the Thai market proved to be one of its most successful. Its presence in the country began in 1966 when it established a manufacturing facility for pick-up trucks in the Samuthprakarn province with a capacity of 155,000 units per year.[32] The automaker quickly became a market leader so that by 2002, the company transferred its production base from its original location in Fujisuwa, Japan to Thailand. Isuzu claimed the largest share of the Thai commercial vehicle market, outperforming its competitors for at least 23 years.[32] By 2006, the company transferred to an industrial zone in Chacheongsao province to support further production expansion. By 2017, Isuzu has been exporting pick-up trucks, with shipments reaching North America, Latin America, Australia, and Japan.[33] It the same year, it announced that its profit climbed 7 percent and has doubled its annual truck production to meet overseas demands.[34]

Subsidiaries and joint ventures

Japan

The Fujisawa Plant was built and opened for production November 1961. It is located at Tsuchidana, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, and is still producing commercial vehicles for domestic Japanese use and international exports. The Toghichi Plant, located at Hakuchu, Ohira-Machi, Tochigi, Tochigi, is where the engines are currently built.

Mimamori-kun online service

Mimamori-kun, which means to watch, monitor, or observe in Japanese (literally "Mr. Watcher"),[35] is a commercial vehicle telematics service developed by Isuzu Motors for monitoring and tracking commercial vehicle operations and movements in Japan. The service uses GPS satellite tracking services, and began February 2004. It is connected to the internet and provides government mandated driver activity logs, and records how long the driver was on-duty and how much time was spent driving.

The service also records when the driver took lunch breaks, where the truck stopped and for how long, and when the driver logged off for his duty shift. The service has been modified for personal use in Japan to keep track of family members, to include elderly members of health status and location of children for safety purposes.[36]

Some of the main features include the wireless Internet Digital Tachograph, the first of its kind in Japan, combined with hands-free communication, voice guidance, and text messages displayed from the dispatch office. The system also has a password-enabled vehicle theft prevention feature that will not let the vehicle start without the driver having entered a password.

International operations

Former international operations

Isuzu Diesel Engines / Power Train division

Diesel engines are a major part of the Isuzu Motor's business with over 20 million engines worldwide.[37] The diesel power division, known as the PowerTrain Division, of Isuzu Motors America, is located in Plymouth, Michigan.[37]

North American Master Distributors

Southwest Products[38] - Covering California, Nevada and Arizona.[38]

United Engines[38]

Mack Boring Parts[38]

M & L Engine[38]

Isuzu Diesel powered equipment

Ag Equipment

  • Harrington Seed Destructor[39]

Generator Sets

Construction Equipment

Passenger, bus and commercial vehicles
Isuzu CXZ (Giga) heavy truck
Isuzu Journey operated by Citibus (New Zealand)
2005 Isuzu D-max Spacecab Hi-lander in Thailand
Isuzu CQA650A/T
Isuzu LV223S
Isuzu LV423R
Isuzu MT111QB

Current passenger vehicles
  • 1991–present, Panther - Van (and Pickup Truck) currently only sold in Indonesia, sold as the Isuzu Hi-Lander/Crosswind in the Philippines, also sold throughout the ASEAN, and in India as the Chevrolet Tavera.
  • 2002–present, D-Max- Pickup Truck, a top selling diesel sold in the majority of Isuzu markets (excluding North America).
  • 2013–present MU-X - SUV, successor of Isuzu MU-7, developed from D-Max.

Current commercial vehicles

Former passenger vehicles
  • 1953–1962, Minx - Sedan, Isuzu produced Hillman Minx under licence.
  • 1961–1966, Bellel - Sedan
  • 1963–1973, Bellett - Sedan (PR10/20) and Coupe (PR90 & PR91)
  • 1967–1983, Florian - Sedan
  • 1968–1981, 117 - Coupe
  • 1972–2002, Faster - Pickup Truck
  • 1974–2000, Gemini/I-Mark/Stylus - Sedan/Coupe/Hatchback
  • 1981–1993, Piazza/Impulse/Storm - Hatchback
  • 1983–2002, Aska - Sedan
  • 1983–2002, Trooper - Midsize SUV
  • 1986–1993, Geminett - Hatchback/Wagon, a rebadged first generation Suzuki Cultus (1986–1988) and then third generation Subaru Leone wagon as Geminett II (1988–1993).
  • 1989–2004, Amigo/MU - Compact SUV, renamed to Rodeo Sport in 2001.
  • 1991–2004, Rodeo/Wizard - Midsize SUV, also rebadged as the Honda Passport.
  • 1996–1999, Oasis - Minivan, a rebadged Honda Odyssey.
  • 1996–2000, Hombre - Pickup Truck, a rebadged Chevrolet S10.
  • 1996–2001, Vertex - Sedan, a rebadged Honda Integra SJ.
  • 1997–2002, Filly, a rebadged Nissan Elgrand - Minivan
  • 1999–2001, VehiCROSS - Halo SUV
  • 2001–2004, Axiom - Midsize SUV
  • 2002–2008, Ascender - Midsize SUV, a rebadged GMC Envoy.
  • 2006–2008, i-series - Pickup Truck - a product of the co-developed GMT355 platform that Isuzu sells overseas.
  • 2004–2013, MU-7 - Midsize SUV, developed from D-Max platform that was on sale only in Thailand, Philippines, India and China.

Former commercial vehicles
  • Bison - Light Commercial Pickup Truck, a rebadged second generation Mitsubishi Delica pickup truck for Indonesian market (not related to fourth generation Isuzu Elf that was sold under Bison name in Indonesia in early 1990s).
  • Fargo - Light commercial van
  • H-Series - Heavy Duty Truck in United States only (Rebadged from GMC Topkick and Chevrolet Kodiak).

Race cars
  • 1969 Isuzu R7, Group 7 - Racecar
  • 1970 Isuzu Bellett R6, Group 6 - Racecar

Concept cars
  • 1970 Isuzu Bellett MX1600
  • 1983 Isuzu COA
  • 1985 Isuzu COA II
  • 1987 Isuzu COA III, AWD mid-engine coupe.
  • 1989 Isuzu Costa
  • 1989 Isuzu MultiCROSS
  • 1989 4200R
  • 1991 Isuzu Como F1, a pickup-style crossover with a Lotus Formula One engine[42] (the name was later used for the rebadged Nissan Caravan produced from 2001).
  • 1991 Isuzu Nagisa
  • 1991 Isuzu Terraza
  • 1993 Isuzu XU-1
  • 1993 Isuzu VehiCROSS
  • 1995 Isuzu Deseo
  • 1995 Isuzu Aisance
  • 1997 Isuzu VX-2
  • 1997 Isuzu Zaccar
  • 1999 Isuzu VX-O2
  • 1999 Isuzu KAI
  • 1999 ZXC
  • 2000 Isuzu VX-4
  • 2001 Isuzu Zen
  • 2001 Isuzu GBX

Buses (Philippines)
  • LV314K
  • LV314L
  • CJM470
  • CJM500
  • LT132
  • LV423
  • LV123
  • PABFTR33PLB
  • FTR33P
  • FTR45
  • PABFVR33P

Buses (Thailand)
  • CQM275hp
  • CQA650A/T
  • JCR600YZNN
  • LT112P
  • LV223S
  • LV423R
  • LV486R
  • LV771
  • MT111QB

Buses (Ukraine)
  • Bogdan buses - sold under Isuzu brand outside Ukraine.
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See also

References
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