Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district is located in northeastern and central Massachusetts.

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district
Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
Representative	Lori Trahan D–Westford
Median income	$75,654[1]
Ethnicity	66.63% white 18.77% Hispanic 8.40% Asian 3.68% black 2.31% other 0.21% Native American
Cook PVI	D+9[2]

Massachusetts congressional redistricting after the 2010 census has greatly changed the borders of this congressional district, largely dividing it between the new 2nd and 4th districts, with the new 3rd district covering only a few towns from the old district.[3] Effective with the elections of 2012, Worcester is in the new 2nd district and the new 3rd district is similar to the old 5th district, largely covering the Merrimack valley including Lowell, Lawrence and Haverhill.

The district is represented by Democrat Lori Trahan.

Cities and towns in the district

In Essex County: Precincts 2 through 7 and Precinct 9 in Andover, Haverhill, Lawrence, and Methuen.

In Middlesex County: Acton, Ashby, Ayer, Boxborough, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Concord, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Hudson, Littleton, Lowell, Marlborough, Maynard, Pepperell, Shirley, Stow, Townsend, Tyngsborough, Westford, and Precinct 1 in Sudbury.

In Worcester County: Ashburnham, Berlin, Bolton, Clinton, Fitchburg, Gardner, Harvard, Lancaster, Lunenburg, Westminster, and Precincts 1A, 2 and 3 in Winchendon.

Cities and towns in the district 2003–2013

In Bristol County: Attleboro, Fall River (Wards 1-3; Ward 4, Precincts A and B; Ward 5, Precincts A and B; Ward 6, Precincts B and C; and Ward 8, Precinct D), North Attleborough, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea.

In Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Marlborough.

In Norfolk County: Franklin, Medway, Plainville, Wrentham.

In Worcester County: Auburn, Boylston, Clinton, Holden, Northborough, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southborough, West Boylston, Westborough, Worcester.

Recent election results from presidential races

Year	Office	Result
2000	President	Gore 59 - 35%
2004	President	Kerry 59 - 40%
2008	President	Obama 58.8 - 39.4%
2012	President	Obama 56.9 - 41.4%
2016	President	Clinton 58.2 - 35.4%

Maps

• 
  Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, 1842
• 
  Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, 1891
• 
  The district from 2003 to 2013

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District area (Counties and municipalities)
Elbridge Gerry	Anti-Administration	March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793	1st 2nd	Elected in 1788. Re-elected in 1790. Retired.	1789–1793 Middlesex County: All
Shearjashub Bourne	Pro-Administration	General ticket: March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795	3rd	Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 1793 on the second ballot, as part of a two-seat general ticket, representing the district from Barnstable, Dukes, and Nantucket Counties. [data unknown/missing]	1793–1795 Barnstable County: All Bristol County: All Dukes County: All Nantucket County: All Plymouth County: All
Peleg Coffin Jr.	Pro-Administration			Elected in 1792, as part of a two-seat general ticket, representing the district from Bristol and Plymouth Counties. Redistricted to the 5th district and lost re-election.
Samuel Lyman	Federalist	March 4, 1795 – November 6, 1800	4th 5th 6th	Elected in 1794. Re-elected in 1796. Re-elected in 1798. Retired and then resigned.	1795–1803 Hampshire County: Amherst, Belchertown, Brimfield, Granby, Greenwich, Holland, Leverett, Longmeadow, Ludlow, New Salem, Orange, Palmer, Pelham, Shutesbury, South Brimfield, South Hadley, Springfield, Ware, Warwick, Wendell, and Wilbraham. Worcester County: Athol, Barre, Gardner, Gerry, Hardwick, New Braintree, Petersham, Royalston, Sturbridge, Templeton, Western, Winchendon
Vacant		November 7, 1800 – February 1, 1801
Ebenezer Mattoon	Federalist	February 2, 1801 – March 3, 1803	6th 7th	Elected November 3, 1800 to the next term. Elected December 15, 1800 to finish Lyman's term. Retired.
Manasseh Cutler	Federalist	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805	8th	Redistricted from the 11th district and re-elected in 1802. Retired.	1803–1813 "Essex North district" Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield
Jeremiah Nelson	Federalist	March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807	9th	Elected in 1804. Retired.
Edward St. Loe Livermore	Federalist	March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1811	10th 11th	Elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Retired.
Leonard White	Federalist	March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813	12th	Elected in 1810. Retired.
Timothy Pickering	Federalist	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815	13th	Elected in 1812. Redistricted to the 2nd district.	1813–1815 "Essex North district" Essex County: Beverly, Boxford, Bradford, Gloucester, Hamilton, Ipswich, Manchester, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, Wenham
Jeremiah Nelson	Federalist	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1823	14th 15th 16th 17th 18th	Elected to begin member-elect Daniel A. White's term. Re-elected in 1817. Re-elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Re-elected in 1822. Retired.	1815–1817 "Essex North district" Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus, and Topsfield. Middlesex County: South Reading
					1817–1823 "Essex North district" Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus, Topsfield, and West Newbury. Middlesex County: Dracut
	Adams-Clay Federalist	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825			1823–1833 "Essex North district" Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Essex, Hamilton, Haverhill, Ipswich, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, Wenham, and West Newbury. Middlesex County: Billerica, Dracut, Tewksbury, Wilmington
John Varnum	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1831	19th 20th 21st	Elected in 1825. [data unknown/missing]
Jeremiah Nelson	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833	22nd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Gayton P. Osgood	Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835	23rd	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.	1833–1843 Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Haverhill, Methuen, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfield, and West Newbury. Middlesex County: Dracut, Lowell, Reading, Tewksbury, South Reading, Wilmington
Caleb Cushing	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837	24th 25th 26th 27th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
	Whig	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1843
Amos Abbott	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849	28th 29th 30th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.	1843–1853 Essex County: Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Bradford, Georgetown, Haverhill, Methuen, Newbury, Newburyport, Rowley, Salisbury, and West Newbury. Middlesex County: Billerica, Carlisle, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Littleton, Lowell, Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, Westford, Wilmington[4]
James H. Duncan	Whig	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853	31st 32nd	[data unknown/missing]
J. Wiley Edmands	Whig	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.	1853–1863 Norfolk County: Bellingam, Braintree, Canton, Dedham, Dorchester, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Medfield, Medway, Milton, Needham, Quincy, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, West Roxbury, Weymouth, and Wrentham. Middlesex County: Brighton, Holliston, Newton, Sherborn, and Watertown. Worcester County: Blackstone, Mendon, Milford, Northbridge, Upton, Uxbridge
William S. Damrell	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th 35th	[data unknown/missing] Retired due to failing health.
	Republican	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859
Charles Adams	Republican	March 4, 1859 – May 1, 1861	36th 37th	[data unknown/missing] Resigned to become U.S. Minister to England.
Vacant		May 1, 1861 – June 11, 1861	37th
'Benjamin Thomas[5]	Union	June 11, 1861 – March 3, 1863	37th	Elected to finish Adams's term. Retired.
Alexander H. Rice	Republican	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1867	38th 39th	Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1862. Retired.	1863–1867 Norfolk County: Roxbury, and Brookline. Suffolk County: Boston (wards 4, 7, 8, 10 thru 12)
Ginery Twichell	Republican	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1873	40th 41st 42nd	[data unknown/missing] Retired.	1867–1873 Norfolk County: Roxbury, and Brookline. Suffolk County: Boston (wards 5, 7, 8, 10 thru 12)[6]
William Whiting	Republican	March 4, 1873 – June 29, 1873	43rd	[data unknown/missing] Died.	1873–1877 Suffolk County: Boston (wards 7, 8, 10 thru 16)
Vacant		June 29, 1873 – December 1, 1873
Henry L. Pierce	Republican	December 1, 1873 – March 3, 1877	43rd 44th	Elected to finish Whiting's term. Retired.
Walbridge A. Field	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 28, 1878	45th	[data unknown/missing] Lost election contest.	1877–1883 Suffolk County: Boston (wards 13 thru 21, 24)[7]
Benjamin Dean[8]	Democratic	March 28, 1878 – March 3, 1879		Won election contest. Retired.
Walbridge A. Field	Republican	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881	46th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
Ambrose Ranney[9]	Republican	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1887	47th 48th 49th	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
					1883–1893 Norfolk County: Milton. Suffolk County: Boston (ward 11, ward 15 (Pct. 3 & 4), wards 17-24)[10]
Leopold Morse	Democratic	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889	50th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
John F. Andrew	Democratic	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893	51st 52nd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
Joseph H. Walker[11]	Republican	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1899	53rd 54th 55th	Redistricted from the 10th district and re-elected in 1892. Lost re-election.	1893–1903 Middlesex County: Hopkinton. Worcester County: Auburn, Blackstone, Charlton, Douglas, Dudley, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Mendon, Millbury, Northbridge, Oxford, Paxton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbrige, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester
John R. Thayer[12]	Democratic	March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1905	56th 57th 58th	[data unknown/missing] Retired.
					1903–1913 Worcester County: Auburn, Charlton, Douglas, Dudley, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Northbridge, Oxford, Paxton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbrige, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester
Rockwood Hoar	Republican	March 4, 1905 – November 1, 1906	59th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		November 1, 1906 – December 18, 1906	59th
Charles G. Washburn[13]	Republican	December 18, 1906 – March 3, 1911	59th 60th 61st	Elected to finish Hoar's term. Lost re-election.
John A. Thayer	Democratic	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1913	62nd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
William H. Wilder	Republican	March 4, 1913 – September 11, 1913	63rd	Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1912. Died.	1913–1927 Franklin County: New Salem, and Orange. Hampshire County: Greenwich, and Prescott. Middlesex County: Ashby, and Townsend. Hampden County: Brimfield, Holland, Monson, Palmer, and Wales. Worcester County: Ashburnham, Athol, Barre, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Dana, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Holden, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Royalston, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sturbridge, Templeton, Warren, Webster, West Boylston, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon[14]
Vacant		September 11, 1913 – November 4, 1913
Calvin Paige	Republican	November 4, 1913 – March 3, 1925	63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th	Elected to finish Wilder's term. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Retired.
Frank H. Foss	Republican	March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1935	69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
					1927–1933 Franklin County: Erving, New Salem, Orange, Shutesbury, Warwick, and Wendell. Hampden County: Brimfield, Holland, Monson, Palmer, and Wales. Hampshire County: Belchertown, Enfield, Greenwich, Pelham, Prescott, and Ware. Worcester County: Ashburnham, Athol, Barre, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Dana, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Holden, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Royalston, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sturbridge, Templeton, Warren, Webster, West Boylston, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon
					1933–1943 Hampden County: Brimfield, Holland, Monson, Palmer, and Wales. Hampshire County: Ware. Middlesex County: Ashby, Boxborough, Framingham, Hudson, Marlborough, Maynard, Pepperell, Shirley, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, and Wayland. Worcester County: Ashburnham, Barre, Berlin, Bolton, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Dana, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Harvard, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sturbridge, Templeton, Warren, Webster, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon
Joseph E. Casey	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1943	74th 75th 76th 77th	[data unknown/missing] Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Philip J. Philbin[15]	Democratic	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1971	78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st	[data unknown/missing] Lost renomination.	1943–1963 Hampden County: Palmer. Hampshire County: Ware. Middlesex County: Hudson, Marlborough, Maynard, Shirley, and Stow. Worcester County: Ashburnham, Barre, Blackstone, Bolton, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Harvard, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, Milford, Millbury, Millville, New Braintree, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sturbridge, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Warren, Webster, West Brookfield, Westminster, Winchendon
					1963–1973 Worcester County: Ashburnham, Barre, Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, Fitchburg, Gardner, Hardwick, Harvard, Hopedale, Hubbardston, Lancaster, Leicester, Leominster, Lunenburg, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, New Braintree, Northbridge, Oakham, Oxford, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Southbrige, Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westminster, and Winchendon. Middlesex County: Acton, Ashby, Ayer, Boxborough, Dunstable, Groton, Holliston, Hudson, Littleton, Marlborough, Maynard, Natick, Pepperell, Sherborn, Shirley, Stow, Townsend, Tyngsborough, and Westford. Norfolk County: Bellingham, Franklin, Medway, Millis
					1969–1973 Middlesex County: Acton, Ashby, Ayer, Boxborough, Concord, Hudson, Lincoln, Littleton, Marlborough, Maynard, Newton, Shirley, Stow, Townsend, Waltham, Watertown, Westford, and Weston. Worcester County: Ashburnham, Berlin, Bolton, Clinton, Fitchburg, Gardner, Harvard, Lancaster, Leominster, Lunenburg, Sterling, Westminster, Winchendon
Robert Drinan	Democratic	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1973	92nd	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 4th district.
Harold Donohue	Democratic	January 3, 1973 – December 31, 1974	93rd	Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1972. Retired and resigned early.	1973–1983 Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, and Marlborough. Norfolk County: Bellingham, Franklin, and Medway. Worcester County: Auburn, Berlin, Blackstone, Boylston, Clinton, Grafton, Hopedale, Leicester, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, Northborough, Northbridge, Shrewsbury, Southborough, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester[16]
Vacant		December 31, 1974 – January 3, 1975
Joseph D. Early[17]	Democratic	January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1993	94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd	[data unknown/missing] Lost re-election.
					1983–1993 Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Marlborough, Sherborn, and Stow. Norfolk County: Bellingham, Franklin, Medway, Millis, Norfolk[18] Worcester County: Auburn, Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Boylston, Clinton, Douglas, Grafton, Hopedale, Lancaster, Leicester, Lunenburg, Mendon, Milford, Millbury, Millville, Northborough, Northbridge, Shrewsbury, Southborough, Sutton, Upton, Uxbridge, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester
Peter I. Blute	Republican	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1997	103rd 104th	Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Lost re-election.	1993–2003 Bristol County: Attleboro, Dartmouth, Fall River (all of wards 1, 2 & 3, ward 6 pcts. A & B, ward 4 pct. A, parts of B & C), Mansfield (pcts. 1, 2 & parts of 3 & 4), North Attleboro, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea, and Westport.[18] Middlesex County: Holliston, and Hopkinton. Norfolk County: Foxborough (pct. 5, parts of pcts. 1, 3, 4), Franklin, Medway, Plainville, and Wrentham. Worcester County: Auburn (parts of pcts. 1, 3 & 4), Berlin, Boylston, Clinton, Grafton, Holden, Lancaster (parts of pcts. 1 & 2), Northborough, Northbridge, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Sterling, Upton, Westborough, West Boylston, Worcester[19]
Jim McGovern	Democratic	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2013	105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th	Elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Redistricted to the 2nd district.
					2003–2013 Bristol County: Attleboro, Fall River (wards 1-3; ward 4, Precincts A & B; ward 5, Precincts A & B; ward 6, Precincts B & C; & ward 8, Precinct D), North Attleborough, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, and Swansea. Middlesex County: Ashland, Holliston, Hopkinton, and Marlborough. Norfolk County: Franklin, Medway, Plainville, and Wrentham. Worcester County: Auburn, Boylston, Clinton, Holden, Northborough, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southborough, West Boylston, Westborough, and Worcester.
Niki Tsongas	Democratic	January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019	113th 114th 115th	Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Retired.	2013–present See Cities and towns in the district, above
Lori Trahan	Democratic	January 3, 2019 – present	116th.	Elected in 2018.
Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District area (Counties and municipalities)

Recent election results

2002

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2002

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jim McGovern (Incumbent)	155,697	73.34
	write-in		1,848	0.87
	blank		54,759	25.79
Majority			153,849	72.47
Turnout			212,304
	Democratic hold

2004

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2004

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	Jim McGovern (Incumbent)	192,036	67.15	-6.19
	Republican	Ronald Crews	80,197	28.04	+28.04
	write-in		179	0.06	-0.81
	blank		13,584	4.75	-21.04
Majority			111,839	39.11	-33.36
Turnout			285,996
	Democratic hold		Swing

2006

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2006

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	Jim McGovern (Incumbent)	166,973	77.63	+10.48
	write-in		1,983	0.92	+0.86
	blank		46,145	21.45	+16.70
Majority			164,990	76.70	+37.59
Turnout			215,101
	Democratic hold		Swing

2008

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2008

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Democratic	Jim McGovern (Incumbent)	227,619	75.04	-2.59
	write-in		3,488	1.15	+0.23
	blank		72,208	23.81	+2.36
Majority			224,131	73.89	-2.81
Turnout			303,315
	Democratic hold		Swing

2010

Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district election, 2010

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jim McGovern (Incumbent)	122,357	56.5
	Republican	Marty Lamb	84,972	39.2
	Independent	Patrick Barron	9,304	4.3
Total votes			216,633	100
Turnout
	Democratic hold

References

1. https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=25&cd=03
2. "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
3. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/spr/sprcat/catpdf2010/cong2010/CongressionalDistrict_2011State.pdf Access Date March 29, 2012
4. "State Apportionment". Massachusetts Register . for 1843. Boston: Loring.
5. "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the Second Session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress. Washington DC: House of Representatives. 1861. Archived from the original on 2016-03-16.
6. Poore, Ben. Perley (1869). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Forty-First Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
7. "Congressional Districts of Massachusetts". Massachusetts Register and Business Directory, 1878. Boston: Sampson, Davenport, and Co.
8. Poore, Ben. Perley (1878). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 45th Congress (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.
9. Poore, Ben. Perley (1882). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 47th Congress (3rd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
10. Poore, Ben. Perley (1884). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: Forty-Eighth Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
11. Coolidge, L.A. (1897). "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Fifth Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
12. Halford, A.J. (1903). "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Eighth Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
13. Halford, A.J. (1909). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory: 60th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
14. "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 64th Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1916.
15. "Massachusetts". Official Congressional Directory: 90th Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1968.
16. "Massachusetts", 1977 Official Congressional Directory: 95th Congress, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977
17. "Massachusetts". 1991-1992 Official Congressional Directory: 102nd Congress. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. 1991.
18. O'Neill, Edward B.; MacQueen, Robert E. (1983). A Manual for the use of the General Court. Boston, MA: Causeway Print.
19. Congressional Directory for the 105th Congress (1997-1998), Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997, archived from the original on December 3, 2013, retrieved November 26, 2013

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
• National atlas congressional maps

External links

• 2004 election results, via CNN.com
• 2006 election results, via CNN.com
• Benson, Brent (August 31, 2018). "An overview of Massachusetts 3rd Congressional district and primary candidates". Retrieved September 4, 2018 – via Mass. Numbers.