Maryland's 3rd congressional district
Maryland's 3rd congressional district comprises portions of Baltimore, Howard, Montgomery and Anne Arundel counties, as well as a significant part of the independent city of Baltimore. The seat is currently represented by John Sarbanes, a Democrat. Landmarks in the district include Fort McHenry and the state capital, Annapolis.
Maryland's 3rd congressional district | |||
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Maryland's 3rd congressional district since January 3, 2013 | |||
Representative |
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Area | 292.74 sq mi (758.2 km2) | ||
Distribution |
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Population (2000) | 662,062 | ||
Median income | $87,732[1] | ||
Ethnicity |
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Occupation |
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Cook PVI | D+13[2] |
Three people who represented Maryland in the United States Senate were also former representatives of the 3rd district, including Ben Cardin, Barbara Mikulski, and Paul Sarbanes.
The district's odd shape is attributed to gerrymandering to favor Democratic candidates following the 2000[3] and 2010[4] censuses. In 2012 the district was found to be the third least compact congressional district in the United States[5] and in 2014 The Washington Post called it the nation's second-most gerrymandered district.[6] John Sarbanes, the current Democratic Representative for the district, has put forth the For the People Act of 2019 to address electoral reform, voting rights and gerrymandering in the United States.[7][8]
Recent elections in statewide races
Year | Results |
---|---|
2000 | Gore 55% – 41% |
2004 | Kerry 54% – 45% |
2008 | Obama 59% – 39% |
2012 | Obama 60.6% – 37.2% |
2016 | Clinton 62.9% – 32.1% |
Recent elections
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Benjamin Cardin (Incumbent) | 169,347 | 75.66 | |
Republican | Scott Conwell | 53,827 | 24.05 | |
Libertarian | Joe Pomykala | 238 | 0.11 | |
Write-ins | 406 | 0.18 | ||
Total votes | 223,818 | 100.00 | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Benjamin Cardin (Incumbent) | 145,589 | 65.79 | |
Republican | Scott Conwell | 75,721 | 34.21 | |
Total votes | 221,310 | 100.00 | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Benjamin Cardin (Incumbent) | 182,066 | 63.44% | -2.35 | |
Republican | Robert P. Duckworth | 97,008 | 33.80% | -0.41 | |
Green | Patsy Allen | 7,895 | 2.75% | +2.75 | |
Total votes | 286,969 | 100.00 | |||
Democratic hold | |||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes | 150,142 | 64.03% | +0.59 | |
Republican | John White | 79,174 | 33.76% | -0.04 | |
Libertarian | Charles Curtis McPeek, Sr. | 4,941 | 2.11% | +2.11 | |
Write-ins | 229 | 0.10% | +0.10 | ||
Total votes | 234,486 | 100.00 | |||
Democratic hold | |||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes (Incumbent) | 203,711 | 69.66% | +5.63 | |
Republican | Thomas E. Harris | 87,971 | 30.08% | -3.68 | |
No party | Write-ins | 766 | 0.26 | ||
Total votes | 292,448 | 100.00 | |||
Democratic hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes (Incumbent) | 147,448 | 61.07% | -8.59 | |
Republican | Jim Wilhelm | 86,947 | 36.01% | +5.93 | |
Libertarian | Jerry McKinley | 5,212 | 2.16% | +2.16 | |
Constitution | Alain Lareau | 1,634 | 0.68% | +0.68 | |
No party | Write-ins | 188 | 0.1% | ||
Total votes | 241,429 | 100.00 | |||
Democratic hold | |||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes (Incumbent) | 213,747 | 66.8 | |
Republican | Eric Delano Knowles | 94,549 | 29.6 | |
Libertarian | Paul R. Drgos, Jr. | 11,028 | 3.4 | |
N/A | Others (write-in) | 535 | 0.2 | |
Total votes | 319,859 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes (incumbent) | 128,594 | 59.6 | |
Republican | Charles A. Long | 87,029 | 40.3 | |
n/a | Write-ins | 323 | 0.1 | |
Total votes | 215,946 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes (incumbent) | 214,640 | 63.2 | |
Republican | Mark Plaster | 115,048 | 33.9 | |
Green | Nnabu Eze | 9,461 | 2.8 | |
n/a | Write-ins | 526 | 0.1 | |
Total votes | 339,675 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Sarbanes (incumbent) | 202,407 | 69.1 | |
Republican | Charles Anthony | 82,774 | 28.3 | |
Libertarian | J. David Lashar | 7,476 | 2.6 | |
n/a | Write-ins | 223 | 0.1 | |
Total votes | 292,880 | 100.0 | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
Historical boundaries and composition
Maryland's 3rd district was one of the 61 districts that elected a representative to the 1st United States Congress. It also has the distinction of being one of the few congressional districts that once included areas not currently in the state they are in. The 3rd congressional district originally was composed of Prince George's County, Maryland and Anne Arundel County, Maryland.[11] At that point what is now Howard County, Maryland was in Anne Arundel County, and Prince George's County included the eastern half of the District of Columbia.
In 1792 the Maryland 3rd Congressional District was moved to include Montgomery County, Maryland and the eastern half of Frederick County, Maryland. The population was about 33,000.[12] However, the western portion of what is today Carroll County, Maryland was at this point in Frederick County, and the western half of the District of Columbia was in Montgomery County. This latter fact explains why the district lost population even though it in theory did not experience redistricting after the 1800 census. With the population of Georgetown, D. C. no longer in the district, its 1800 population was about 31,000.[13] At this point the 3rd was Maryland's least populous district, barely having half the population of the Baltimore City and County 5th district, which in 1800 had just above 59,000 inhabitants.[14]
The boundaries remained the same after the 1810, 1820 and 1830 censuses. While in 1820 the district had about 36,000 inhabitants its population had risen to 53,622 in 1830.[15] With the formation of Carroll County in the 1830s as well as Maryland falling from 8 to 6 congressional seats, the boundaries of the 3rd Congressional District were drastically redrawn. The only area that remained in the 3rd Congressional District was the part of Carroll County that had been in Frederick County. The 3rd also included Baltimore County and the western half of the city of Baltimore. Its new population was 69,923, 24.5% of whom were black.[16]
In 1853 the 3rd district was redrawn again. The new district consisted of Baltimore County except for the northern and western parts of the county and about the eastern third of the City of Baltimore. The district now had a population of 95,729.[17] In the redistricting following the 1860 census, Maryland was reduced to five congressional districts. The 3rd was moved so that it contained the part of Baltimore that had not been in the 3rd before 1863. It now had a population of 130,040.[18] In 1873 the 3rd district was moved again, to be the east side of Baltimore. It now had a population of 120,978.[19]
List of members representing the district
Member | Party | Years | Congress | Electoral history | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Benjamin Contee |
Anti-Administration | March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791 |
1st | Elected in 1789. Lost re-election. |
2 | William Pinkney |
Pro-Administration | March 4, 1791 – November 1791 |
2nd | Elected in 1790. Resigned due to questions of ineligibility. |
Vacant | November 1791 – February 5, 1792 | ||||
3 | John Francis Mercer |
Anti-Administration | February 5, 1792 – March 3, 1793 |
2nd | Elected October 26–29, 1791 to finish Pinkney's term. Redistricted to the 2nd district. |
4 | Uriah Forrest |
Pro-Administration | March 4, 1793 – November 8, 1794 |
3rd | Elected in 1792. Resigned. |
Vacant | November 8, 1794 – January 2, 1795 | ||||
5 | Benjamin Edwards | Pro-Administration | January 2, 1795 – March 3, 1795 |
3rd | Elected December 8, 1794 to finish Forrest's term. Retired. |
6 | Jeremiah Crabb | Federalist | March 4, 1795 – June 1, 1796 |
4th | Elected in 1794. Resigned. |
Vacant | June 1, 1796 – December 5, 1796 | ||||
7 | William Craik | Federalist | December 5, 1796 – March 3, 1801 |
4th 5th |
Elected October 3, 1796 to finish Crabb's term. Also elected the same day to the next term. Re-elected in 1798. Retired. |
8 | Thomas Plater | Federalist | March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1805 |
6th 7th 8th |
Elected in 1801. Re-elected in 1803. Lost re-election. |
9 | Patrick Magruder |
Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1807 |
9th | Elected in 1804. Lost re-election. |
10 | Philip Barton Key |
Federalist | March 4, 1807 – March 3, 1813 |
10th 11th 12th |
Elected in 1806. Re-elected in 1808. Re-elected in 1810. Retired. |
11 | Alexander Contee Hanson |
Federalist | March 4, 1813 – 1816 |
13th 14th |
Elected in 1812. Re-elected in 1814. Resigned when elected U.S. Senator. |
Vacant | 1816 – October 7, 1816 | ||||
12 | George Peter |
Federalist | October 7, 1816 – March 3, 1819 |
14th 15th |
Elected to finish Hanson's term. Also elected to the next term in 1816. Lost re-election. |
13 | Henry Ridgely Warfield | Federalist | March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823 |
16th 17th 18th |
Elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Retired. |
Adams Federalist | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 | ||||
14 | George Peter |
Jacksonian | March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827 |
19th | Elected in 1824. Lost re-election. |
15 | George Corbin Washington | Anti-Jacksonian | March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1833 |
20th 21st 22nd |
Elected in 1826. Re-elected in 1829. [data unknown/missing] |
16 | James Turner | Jacksonian | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837 |
23rd 24th |
[data unknown/missing] |
17 | John Tolley Hood Worthington | Democratic | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841 |
25th 26th |
[data unknown/missing] |
18 | James Wray Williams | Democratic | March 4, 1841 – December 2, 1842 |
27th | [data unknown/missing] Died. |
Vacant | December 2, 1842 – January 2, 1843 | ||||
19 | Charles S. Sewall | Democratic | January 2, 1843 – March 3, 1843 |
27th | [data unknown/missing] |
20 | John Wethered | Whig | March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845 |
28th | [data unknown/missing] |
21 | Thomas Watkins Ligon |
Democratic | March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1849 |
29th 30th |
[data unknown/missing] |
22 | Edward Hammond | Democratic | March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853 |
31st 32nd |
[data unknown/missing] |
23 | Joshua Van Sant | Democratic | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 |
33rd | [data unknown/missing] |
24 | James Morrison Harris |
Know Nothing | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861 |
34th 35th 36th |
[data unknown/missing] |
25 | Cornelius Leary | Unionist | March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 |
37th | [data unknown/missing] |
26 | Henry Winter Davis |
Unconditional Unionist | March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865 |
38th | [data unknown/missing] |
27 | Charles Edward Phelps |
Unconditional Unionist | March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867 |
39th 40th |
[data unknown/missing] |
Conservative | March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869 | ||||
28 | Thomas Swann |
Democratic | March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873 |
41st 42nd |
[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 4th district. |
29 | William James O'Brien |
Democratic | March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1877 |
43rd 44th |
[data unknown/missing] |
30 | William Kimmel |
Democratic | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1881 |
45th 46th |
[data unknown/missing] |
31 | Fetter Schrier Hoblitzell |
Democratic | March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1885 |
47th 48th |
[data unknown/missing] |
32 | William Hinson Cole |
Democratic | March 4, 1885 – July 8, 1886 |
49th | [data unknown/missing] Died. |
Vacant | July 8, 1886 – November 2, 1886 | ||||
33 | Harry Welles Rusk |
Democratic | November 2, 1886 – March 3, 1897 |
49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd 54th |
[data unknown/missing] |
34 | William Samuel Booze | Republican | March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899 |
55th | [data unknown/missing] |
35 | Frank Charles Wachter | Democratic | March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1907 |
56th 57th 58th 59th |
[data unknown/missing] |
36 | Harry Benjamin Wolf | Democratic | March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1909 |
60th | [data unknown/missing] |
37 | John Kronmiller |
Republican | March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1911 |
61st | [data unknown/missing] |
38 | George Konig |
Democratic | March 4, 1911 – May 31, 1913 |
62nd 63rd |
[data unknown/missing] Died. |
Vacant | May 31, 1913 – November 4, 1913 | ||||
39 | Charles Pearce Coady |
Democratic | November 4, 1913 – March 3, 1921 |
63rd 64th 65th 66th |
[data unknown/missing] |
40 | John B.P.C. Hill |
Republican | March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1927 |
67th 68th 69th |
[data unknown/missing] |
41 | Vincent Palmisano |
Democratic | March 4, 1927 – January 3, 1939 |
70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th |
[data unknown/missing] |
42 | Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. |
Democratic | January 3, 1939 – May 16, 1947 |
76th 77th 78th 79th 80th |
[data unknown/missing] Resigned to become Mayor of Baltimore. |
Vacant | May 16, 1947 – July 15, 1947 | ||||
43 | Edward Garmatz |
Democratic | July 15, 1947 – January 3, 1973 |
80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd |
[data unknown/missing] |
44 | Paul Sarbanes |
Democratic | January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1977 |
93rd 94th |
Redistricted from the 4th district. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. |
45 | Barbara Mikulski |
Democratic | January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1987 |
95th 96th 97th 98th 99th |
Elected in 1976. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. |
46 | Ben Cardin |
Democratic | January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2007 |
100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th |
Elected in 1986. Retired to run for U.S. Senator. |
47 | John Sarbanes |
Democratic | January 3, 2007 – Present |
110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th |
Elected in 2006. |
See also
References
- https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=24&cd=03
- "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
- "Politics Makes Strange Bedfellows, Even Stranger Congressional Boundaries". Maryland Newsline, University of Maryland. February 20, 2004. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
- "Maryland Redistricting Plan Advances". The Washington Post. October 17, 2011.
- Lazarick, Len (October 3, 2012). "Maryland has least compact congressional districts in nation". MarylandReporter.com. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- Ingraham, Christopher (May 15, 2014). "America's most gerrymandered congressional districts". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
- Sarbanes, John (January 3, 2019). "H.R.1 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): To expand Americans' access to the ballot box, reduce the influence of big money in politics, and strengthen ethics rules for public servants, and for other purposes". www.congress.gov. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
- 116th Congress (2019) (January 3, 2019). "H.R. 1 (116th)". Legislation. GovTrack.us. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
For the People Act of 2019
- "Unofficial 2012 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress". Maryland State Board of Elections. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
- "Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress". Maryland Secretary of State. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- Parson, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts, 1788–1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 8-9
- Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 42-43
- Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 93-94
- Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 94
- Parsons. Congressional Districts p. 234, 318
- Parson, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Michael J. Durbin. United States Congressional Districts, 1843–1883 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986) p. 16
- Parsons. Con. Dis. 1843–1883 p. 64
- Parsons. Con. Dis. 1843–1883 p. 115
- Parsons. Con. Dis. 1843–1883 p. 177