Maltese lira

The lira (Maltese: lira Maltija, plural: liri, ISO 4217 code : MTL) was the currency of Malta from 1972 until 31 December 2007. The lira was abbreviated as Lm, although the traditional ₤ sign was often used locally. In English, the currency was still frequently called the pound because of the past usage of British currency on the islands.

For the official currency of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, see Maltese scudo.

Maltese lira
Maltese pound (English) Lira Maltija (Maltese)
Maltese banknotes Maltese coins
ISO 4217
Code	MTL
Denominations
Subunit
​^1⁄100	cent
​^1⁄1000	mil
Plural	liri
Symbol	₤ and Lm
Banknotes	2, 5, 10, 20 liri
Coins
Freq. used	1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 cents, 1 lira
Demographics
User(s)	None, previously:  Malta
Issuance
Central bank	Central Bank of Malta
Website	www.centralbankmalta.com
Valuation
Inflation	2.8%
Source	The World Factbook, 2006 est.
ERM
Since	2 May 2005
Fixed rate since	2 May 2005
Replaced by €, non cash	1 January 2006
Replaced by €, cash	1 January 2008
€ =	0.429300 liri
Band	pegged in practice, 15% de jure
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.

The euro replaced the Maltese lira as the official currency of Malta on 1 January 2008 at the irrevocable fixed exchange rate of €1 per 0.4293 lira.

History

Pound Sterling

In 1825, an imperial order-in-council introduced British currency to Malta, replacing a system under which various coinages circulated, including that issued in Malta by the Knights of St John. The pound was valued at 12 scudi of the local currency. This exchange rate meant that the smallest Maltese coin, the grano, was worth one third of a farthing (1 scudo = 20 tari = 240 grani). Consequently, ​¹⁄₃-farthing (​¹⁄₁₂-penny) coins were issued for use in Malta until 1913, alongside the regular British coinage. Amongst the British colonies which used the sterling coinage, Malta was unique in having the ​¹⁄₃-farthing coin.

Between 1914 and 1918, wartime emergency paper money issues were made by the government.

Until 1972, it was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence with 4 farthings to the penny; from May 1972 it was divided into 100 cents, and each cent into 10 mils.[1]

Pre-decimal British sterling coinage continued to circulate in Malta for nearly a year after it was withdrawn in the UK due to decimalization on 15 February 1971. Then in 1972, a new, decimal Maltese currency, the lira, was introduced, in both coin and banknote form. The lira was initially equal to the pound sterling, however this parity did not survive long after the floating of sterling on 22 June 1972.

Banknotes

Emergency issues between 1914 and 1918 were in denominations of 5 and 10 shillings, 1, 5 and 10 pounds. In 1940, notes dated 13 September 1939 in denominations of ​2 ¹⁄₂, 5 and 10 shillings and 1 pound were issued, followed late in the year by a provisional 1 shilling note overprinted on an old 2 shilling dated 20 November 1918.[2] Note production continued after the Second World War in denominations of 10 shillings and 1 pound, with 5 pounds notes reintroduced between 1961–1963.

After the Central Bank of Malta was established by the Central Bank Act of 1967 and began operating on April 17, 1968,[2] the issuing body named on the banknotes switched from "Government of Malta" to "Central Bank of Malta." While the designs of the notes remained unchanged, the colors were changed. The Central Bank refers to this series as the "CBM first series". The CBM second series began with the introduction of lira-denominated notes on January 15, 1973.[2]

Lira

Banknotes issued by the Government of Malta and then by the Central Bank of Malta were written in English up to 1972, with the denomination pounds (or shillings). From 1973 to 1985, they were written in Maltese on the obverse using the denomination liri, and in English on the reverse using pounds. From 1986 to 2007, Maltese and liri were used on both sides.[3]

Although using British coins, Malta did not decimalize with the UK in 1971. Instead, it adopted a decimal system in 1972, based on the lira (equal to the pound) subdivided into 1000 mils or 100 cents. The name "lira" was used on banknotes beginning in 1973, initially jointly with "pound", and exclusively on both coins and banknotes since 1986. Mils were removed from circulation in 1994.

On entry into the European Union, Malta agreed to adopt the euro. The lira was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2008, as part of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union.[4]

Euro changeover

The Maltese lira was replaced by the euro as the official currency of Malta at the irrevocable fixed exchange rate of 0.429300 MTL per 1 EUR. However, Maltese lira banknotes and coins continued to have legal tender status and were accepted for cash payments until 31 January 2008. Maltese liri were convertible free of charge at all Maltese credit institutions until 30 March 2008. Maltese coins were convertible at the Central Bank of Malta until 1 February 2010, and banknotes remained convertible until 31 January 2018.

Exchange rate

The Maltese lira was on a par with the British pound sterling (GBP) until 13 December 1971; since then the lira had been allowed to float, anchored to a basket of reserve currencies. The lira had subsequently been worth around £1.60 sterling. After the Kuwaiti dinar, it was the second-highest-valued currency unit in the world, being worth US$3.1596 as of 28 April 2007. After the dollar weakened against other currencies in mid-2006, the lira was worth US$3.35289 as of 16 December 2007.

The currency entered the ERM II on 2 May 2005, by which its value had to be maintained within a 15% band around the central parity rate of 0.429300 LM per euro. The Central Bank of Malta and Maltese Government unilaterally decided to keep the actual LM/euro exchange rate equal to the central parity rate (i.e., doing away with the 15% band) throughout the ERM II period.

The irrevocable fixed conversion rate was established by the ECOFIN on 10 July 2007,[5] at 0.4293 lira to one euro.[6][7][8]

Coins

Maltese 2 cents coin, 1976

Main article: Coins of the Maltese lira

Decimal coinage was introduced in 1972 (one year after the United Kingdom) in denominations of 2, 3, and 5 mils, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 50 cents. The division of the lira into 100 cents (rather than the 240 pence of the old system) meant that the cent was a relatively large unit - the United Kingdom introduced the decimal ​¹⁄₂ penny for this reason. Malta went further in introducing the mil, equal to ​¹⁄₁₀ cent. There was no one-mil coin. However, the coins that were provided (2, 3, and 5 mils) allowed goods to be priced (and change given) for any number of mils. In 1975, a 25-cent coin was introduced.

A new coinage was issued in 1986 in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents and 1 lira. A third series was introduced in 1991 due to the change in Malta's coat of arms. The mils were withdrawn in 1994, although for some time only the 5 mils had been seen (and then only rarely).

Banknotes

On 15 January 1973,[2] banknotes were introduced, denominated in liri on the obverse and pounds on the reverse, in denominations of 1, 5 and 10 liri. In 1986, 1 lira notes were replaced by coins and 2 lira and 20 lira notes were introduced. Four series had been issuing, designated the second to the fifth series by the Central Bank, with the first series in the pound.

Banknote Series the Maltese lira
Series	Symbol	Denominations	Date of issue
2nd	₤M	₤M1, 5, 10	1973
3rd			1979
4th	Lm	Lm2, 5, 10, 20	1986
5th			1989

Banknotes of the fourth series were:

Fourth Series [9]
Image		Value	Equivalent in Euros (€)	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse					Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	first printing	issue	withdrawal	lapse
[10]	[11]	Lm2	4.66	138 × 66.5 mm	Red	Agatha Barbara, map of Malta, and a brigantine (1531).	Marsaxlokk harbour, gantry cranes	Allegorical head	1967 (legal basis)	17 March 1986	15 June 1998	15 June 2008
[12]	[13]	Lm5	11.65	145 × 69 mm	Blue	Agatha Barbara, map of Malta, and a speronara (1798)	Mellieħa Bay, a woman engaged in lace making, a fisherman in the course of making fishing pots
[14]	[15]	Lm10	23.29	152 × 72.5 mm	Green	Agatha Barbara, map of Malta, and a tartana (1740)	Grand Harbour, Malta Drydocks				13 September 2000	13 September 2010
		Lm20	46.59	159 × 76 mm	Brown	Agatha Barbara, map of Malta, and a xebec (1743)	Auberge de Castille, the monument dedicated to the Maltese worker in Msida				30 November 1992	2 December 2002

Banknotes in circulation at the time of the introduction of the euro were:

Fifth Series [9]
Image		Value	Equivalent in Euros (€)	Dimensions	Main Colour	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse					Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	first printing	issue	withdrawal	lapse
		Lm2	4.66	138 × 66.5 mm	Red, violet	Melita holding a rudder, symbolising Malta in control of her own destiny, 3 doves symbolising peace, United Nations Emblem, the Central Bank of Malta Coat-of-Arms, mosaic designs from the period of Roman presence in Malta.	The Banca Giuratale at Mdina and the one at Victoria, Gozo	Allegorical head	1967 (legal basis)	18 September 1989 Enhanced: 1 June 1994	31 January 2008[16]	31 January 2018[16]
[17]	[18]	Lm5	11.65	145 × 69 mm	Blue		Mdina Gate, Torre dello Standardo, extract from Maltese declaration of rights
[19]	[20]	Lm10	23.29	152 × 72.5 mm	Green		Sette Giugno Monument in Valletta, a national assembly meeting held on 7 June 1919, the day when four Maltese citizens were killed
[21]	[22]	Lm20	46.59	159 × 76 mm	Brown, orange		George Borg Olivier, raising of the Maltese flag, a marble tablet in Valletta commemorating Independence
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

See also

• Other currencies or coins named lira
• Banknotes of the Anglo-Egyptian Banking Company Limited (Malta)
• Maltese euro coins
• Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Malta)
• Economy of Malta

References

1. Central Bank of Malta Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine, The Coinage of Malta
2. Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Malta". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
3. Banknote World - Malta
4. Press Releases and Speeches Archived 2007-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
5. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/misc/95228.pdf
6. "Cyprus and Malta to adopt euros". BBC News. 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
7. "Commission hails approval of the adoption of the euro in Cyprus and Malta". europa.eu. European Commission. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
8. "Maltese Euro Conversion Process". Retrieved 16 July 2014.
9. "Maltese Banknotes and Coins - The Central Bank of Malta". Centralbankmalta.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
10. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
11. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
12. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
13. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
14. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
15. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
16. European Central Bank. "The euro cash changeover in Malta". Archived from the original on 2008-01-19. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
17. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
18. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
19. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
20. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
21. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
22. Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

External links

• Historical banknotes of Malta (in English and German)