List of volcanic features on Io
This is a list of named volcanic surface features on Jupiter's moon Io. These names have been approved for use by the International Astronomical Union. The features listed below represent a subset of the total known volcanic features on Io's surface with the majority currently not having an officially approved name.
The names of volcanic features on Io use a combination of a name derived from mythological figures from around the world related to the Sun, fire, volcanoes, thunder, or smithing, places from the Greek mythological story of Io, Dante's Inferno, or from the name of a nearby feature on Io's surface and an approved descriptive term. The descriptive term used is based on the type of feature named and how it was first discovered. Volcanoes that were first observed as an active feature from observations of a volcanic plume fit under the category of "Eruptive Center" and do not use a descriptive term, though portions of these features may have also received names that do use a descriptive term, like Prometheus Patera or Masubi Fluctus. Lava flows use the descriptive term fluctus or the plural fluctūs, e.g. Acala Fluctus. Volcanic depressions use the term patera or the plural paterae, e.g. Ah Peku Patera. The term has also become the generic term for referring to these structures. Small shield volcanoes use the term tholus or the plural tholi, e.g. Inachus Tholus. Finally, channels carved by volcanic lava flows through thermal erosion use the term vallis or the plural valles.
See also the list of mountains on Io and the list of regions on Io.
Eruptive centers
Eruptive centers on Io are locations typically where major volcanic activity was observed and characterized before the volcanic landform was. Coordinate, diameter, and name source come from the IAU's Solar System Nomenclature Website.[1] All of these features have been observed as active volcanoes on Io.
Volcano | Named after | Coordinates |
---|---|---|
Amirani | Amirani (Georgian) | 24.46°N 114.68°W |
Kanehekili | Kāne Milohai (Hawaiian) | 18.21°S 33.61°W |
Loki | Loki (Norse) | 18.22°N 302.56°W |
Marduk | Marduk (Babylonian) | 29.29°S 209.74°W |
Masubi | Ho-Masubi (Japanese) | 49.6°S 56.18°W |
Maui | Māui (Hawaiian) | 19.53°N 122.31°W |
Pele | Pele (Hawaiian) | 18.71°S 255.28°W |
Prometheus | Prometheus (Greek) | 1.52°S 153.94°W |
Surt | Surtr (Icelandic) | 45.21°N 336.49°W |
Thor | Thor (Norse) | 39.15°N 133.14°W |
Volund | Völundr (Norse) | 28.62°N 172.5°W |
Zamama | Zamama (Sumerian) | 18.43°N 172.59°W |
Paterae
The following table lists named volcanic depressions or paterae on Io. Coordinate, diameter, and name source come from the IAU's Solar System Nomenclature Website.[1] Notes on whether the patera has been observed as an active volcano by either ground-based astronomers, the Hubble Space Telescope, or the various spacecraft that have encountered the Jupiter system come from the book, Volcanism on Io, unless otherwise noted.[2]
In 2006, the use of the term catena /kəˈtiːnə/, for Ionian volcanoes with multiple depressions, was discontinued in favor of the plural paterae /ˈpætərə/. These features are Tvashtar Paterae, Reshet Paterae, and Mazda Paterae.
Patera | Named after | Coordinates | Diameter (km) | Activity Observed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ababinili Patera | Ababinili (Chickasaw) | 12.79°N 142.16°W | 105.0 | No |
Agni Patera | Agni (Hindu and others) | 40.8°S 333.05°W | 19.7 | No |
Ah Peku Patera | Ah Peku (Mayan) | 10.34°N 107.04°W | 84.0 | Yes |
Aidne Patera | Aidne (Irish) | 34.4°S 177.09°W | 30.26 | Yes |
Altjirra Patera | Altjira (Australian Aboriginal) | 1.78°S 108.97°W | 52.55 | Yes |
Amaterasu Patera | Amaterasu (Japanese) | 38.13°N 306.53°W | 93.1 | Yes |
Angpetu Patera | Angpetu (Dakota) | 21.15°S 8.79°W | 13.68 | No |
Aramazd Patera | Aramazd (Armenian) | 73.58°S 336.81°W | 68.82 | No |
Arusha Patera | Arusha (Hindu) | 39.06°S 101.48°W | 68.07 | Yes |
Asha Patera | Asha (Zoroastrian) | 8.84°S 225.69°W | 108.33 | Yes |
Ātar Patera | Atar (Zoroastrian) | 31.1°N 278.58°W | 86.41 | Yes |
Aten Patera | Aten (Egyptian) | 48.53°S 310.02°W | 43.4 | Yes |
Babbar Patera | Babbar (Sumerian)[1] | 39.79°S 271.98°W | 85.74 | Yes |
Balder Patera | Balder (Norse) | 11.44°N 156.1°W | 42.0 | No |
Belenus Patera | Belenus (Celtic) | 2.9°N 157.72°W | 23.01 | No |
Bochica Patera | Bochica (Muisca) | 61.5°S 18.85°W | 52.38 | No |
Camaxtli Patera | Camaxtli (Aztec) | 15.25°N 136.8°W | 58.39 | Yes |
Carancho Patera | Carancho (Bolivian) | 1.43°N 317.2°W | 30.04 | No |
Cataquil Patera | Catequil (Inca) | 23.89°S 16.57°W | 133.95 | No |
Catha Patera | Cautha (Etruscan) | 53.76°S 101.58°W | 68.59 | Yes |
Chaac Patera | Chaac (Mayan) | 11.88°N 157.44°W | 95.88 | Yes |
Chors Patera | Chors (Slavic) | 68.47°N 249.85°W | 64.97 | Yes |
Creidne Patera | Creidhne (Celtic) | 53.02°S 342.53°W | 152.82 | Yes |
Cuchi Patera | Cuchi (Australian Aboriginal) | 0.9°S 144.57°W | 76.28 | Yes |
Culann Patera | Culann (Celtic) | 20.22°S 160.17°W | 54.48 | Yes |
Daedalus Patera | Daedalus (Greek) | 19.52°N 274.35°W | 73.29 | Yes |
Dazhbog Patera | Dazhbog (Slavic) | 55.1°N 301.48°W | 118.39 | Yes |
Dingir Patera | Dingir (Sumerian) | 4.13°S 341.37°W | 47.38 | No |
Dusura Patera | Dusura (Nabataean) | 37.47°N 119.02°W | 68.58 | Yes |
Ekhi Patera | Ekhi (Basque) | 28.35°S 88.5°W | 51.04 | Yes |
Emakong Patera | Emakong (Sulca people of New Britain) | 3.33°S 119.82°W | 80.08 | Yes |
Estan Patera | Estan (Hittite) | 21.61°N 87.71°W | 95.0 | Yes |
Fo Patera | Fo (Chinese) | 40.79°N 192.25°W | 47.15 | Yes |
Fuchi Patera | Kamuy Fuchi (Ainu) | 28.34°N 327.57°W | 63.67 | Yes |
Gabija Patera | Gabija (Lithuanian) | 51.9°S 202.53°W | 48.0 | Yes |
Galai Patera | Galai (Mongol) | 10.87°S 288.11°W | 105.23 | No |
Gibil Patera | Gibil (Sumerian) | 14.99°S 294.64°W | 102.38 | Yes? |
Girru Patera | Girru (Babylonian) | 22.8°N 239.92°W | 68.23 | Yes |
Gish Bar Patera | Gish Bar (Babylonian) | 16.18°N 90.26°W | 122.25 | Yes |
Grannos Patera | Grannus (Celtic) | 11.17°N 145.29°W | 45.0 | No |
Grian Patera | Grian (Celtic) | 11.84°S 11.98°W | 70.0 | Yes |
Haokah Patera | Haokah (Lakota) | 20.87°S 186.65°W | 53.86 | Yes |
Hatchawa Patera | Hatchawa (Yaroro) | 59.42°S 31.99°W | 84.98 | No |
Heiseb Patera | Heiseb (Bushman) | 29.79°N 244.85°W | 62.48 | No |
Heno Patera | Heno (Iroquois) | 57.14°S 311.47°W | 71.06 | Yes |
Hephaestus Patera | Hephaestus (Greek) | 1.95°N 289.79°W | 38.84 | Yes |
Hi'iaka Patera | Hi'iaka (Hawaiian) | 3.64°S 79.47°W | 128.27 | Yes |
Hiruko Patera | Hiruko (Japanese) | 65.09°S 328.83°W | 89.54 | No |
Horus Patera | Horus (Egyptian) | 9.82°S 338.0°W | 144.21 | No |
Huo Shen Patera | Huo Shen (Chinese) | 15.01°S 328.98°W | 62.73 | No |
Ilmarinen Patera | Ilmarinen (Finnish) | 14.44°S 1.15°W | 45.94 | No |
Inti Patera | Inti (Inca) | 68.37°S 347.52°W | 70.91 | No |
Isum Patera | Isum (Assyrian) | 29.82°N 208.46°W | 62.24 | Yes |
Itzamna Patera | Itzamna (Mayan) | 16.13°S 99.46°W | 126.36 | Yes |
Janus Patera | Janus (Roman) | 4.56°S 39.05°W | 60.07 | Yes |
Kami-Nari Patera | Kami-Nari (Japanese) | 8.7°S 235.08°W | 53.39 | No |
Kane Patera | Kāne (Hawaiian) | 48.39°S 11.77°W | 135.77 | No |
Karei Patera | Karei (Semang people of the Malay Peninsula) | 0.2°N 13.08°W | 35.29 | Yes |
Kava Patera | Kava (mythology) (Persian) | 16.83°S 341.33°W | 63.82 | No |
Khalla Patera | Khalla (Bushman) | 5.14°N 303.56°W | 48.24 | No |
Kibero Patera | Kibero (Yaroro) | 11.83°S 305.1°W | 63.34 | No |
Kinich Ahau Patera | Kinich Ahau (Mayan) | 49.34°N 310.2°W | 45.21 | Yes |
Kurdalagon Patera | Kurdalagon (Ossetian) | 49.61°S 217.99°W | 28.15 | Yes |
Laki-oi Patera | Laki-oi (Kayan people of Borneo) | 38.94°S 61.93°W | 105.16 | No |
Llew Patera | Llew (Celtic) | 12.16°N 242.31°W | 78.0 | Yes |
Loki Patera | Loki (Norse) | 12.97°N 308.8°W | 227.79 | Yes |
Lu Huo Patera | Lu Huo (Chinese) | 38.52°S 353.17°W | 63.95 | No |
Maasaw Patera | Masau'u (Hopi) | 40.28°S 339.09°W | 43.99 | No |
Mafuike Patera | Mahu-ike (Polynesian) | 13.52°S 259.47°W | 148.32 | No |
Malik Patera | Malik (Babylonian and Canaanite) | 34.15°S 129.59°W | 121.68 | Yes |
Mama Patera | Mama (Chibchan people of Central America) | 11.28°S 355.31°W | 15.72 | No |
Manua Patera | Manua (Hawaiian) | 35.78°N 321.73°W | 110.51 | Yes |
Masaya Patera | Masaya (Nicaraguan) | 22.62°S 344.49°W | 55.09 | No |
Maui Patera | Māui (Hawaiian) | 16.61°N 124.25°W | 37.84 | Yes |
Mazda Paterae | Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrian) | 8.81°S 313.28°W | 240.78 | Yes |
Mbali Patera | Mbali (Pygmy) | 31.5°S 5.06°W | 40.7 | Yes |
Menahka Patera | Menahka (Mandan) people of North America) | 31.31°S 344.75°W | 9.15 | No |
Mentu Patera | Mentu (Egyptian) | 7.0°N 139.36°W | 103.0 | No |
Michabo Patera | Michabo (Algonquian peoples of North America) | 1.2°N 167.6°W | 104.0 | Yes |
Mihr Patera | Mihr (Armenian) | 16.51°S 305.45°W | 61.72 | Yes |
Mithra Patera | Mithra (Zoroastrian) | 59.0°S 266.46°W | 33.78 | Yes |
Monan Patera | a god of the Tupí-Guaraní (Brazil)[3] | 19.72°N 105.39°W | 112.89 | Yes |
Mulungu Patera | Mulungu (East African) | 17.26°N 217.87°W | 62.48 | Yes |
Namarrkun Patera | Namarrkun (Australian Aboriginal) | 10.06°N 175.52°W | 16.69 | No |
Nina Patera | Nina (Inca) | 38.24°S 162.6°W | 52.07 | No |
Nunurta Patera | Ninurta (Sumerian and Akkadian) | 16.74°S 315.25°W | 82.34 | No |
Nusku Patera | Nusku (Assyrian) | 65.01°S 3.82°W | 124.31 | Yes |
Nyambe Patera | Nyambe (Zambezi) | 0.38°N 343.11°W | 58.15 | No |
Ot Patera | Ot Ene (Mongol) | 1.1°N 217.4°W | 52.26 | Yes |
Päive Patera | Päive (Sami) | 45.71°S 358.54°W | 59.05 | No |
Pautiwa Patera | Pautiwa (Hopi) | 34.2°S 345.59°W | 6.62 | No |
Pillan Patera | Pillan (Mapuche people of South America) | 12.34°S 243.25°W | 73.43 | Yes |
Podja Patera | Podja (Evenk people of Russia and China) | 18.41°S 304.74°W | 67.03 | No |
Prometheus Patera | Prometheus (Greek) | 0.62°S 152.45°W | 73.43 | Yes |
Purgine Patera | Purgine (Mordvin people of Russia) | 2.61°S 297.3°W | 35.74 | No |
Pyerun Patera | Perun (Slavic) | 55.64°S 251.21°W | 52.18 | Yes |
Ra Patera | Ra (Egyptian) | 8.66°S 324.7°W | 39.11 | Yes |
Radegast Patera | Radagast (Slavic) | 27.78°S 159.98°W | 27.11 | Yes |
Rarog Patera | Rarog (Slavic) | 41.71°S 304.41°W | 104.35 | Yes |
Rata Patera | Rātā (Māori) | 35.61°S 199.78°W | 46.31 | Yes |
Reiden Patera | Reiden (Japanese) | 13.4°S 235.45°W | 73.26 | Yes |
Reshef Patera | Reshef (Phoenician) | 27.69°N 158.06°W | 62.0 | No |
Reshet Paterae | Reshet (Aramaic) | 0.53°S 305.48°W | 148.34 | No |
Ruaumoko Patera | Ruaumoko (Māori) | 14.72°N 139.74°W | 19.0 | Yes |
Ruwa Patera | Ruwa (East African) | 0.19°N 1.75°W | 62.44 | Yes |
Savitr Patera | Savitr (Hindu) | 48.19°N 123.36°W | 92.48 | No |
Sêd Patera | Sêd (Phoenician) | 2.91°S 303.57°W | 52.1 | No |
Sengen Patera | Sengen (Japanese) | 32.89°S 303.73°W | 63.64 | Yes |
Seth Patera | Seth (Egyptian) | 5.35°S 131.67°W | 59.82 | Yes |
Sethlaus Patera | Sethlans (Etruscan) | 52.29°S 193.83°W | 78.57 | Yes |
Shakuru Patera | Shakuru (Pawnee people of North America) | 24.12°S 265.74°W | 105.01 | Yes |
Shamash Patera | Shamash (Babylonian and Assyrian) | 34.99°S 152.59°W | 205.3 | Yes |
Shamshu Patera | Shamshu (Arabian) | 10.07°S 62.97°W | 96.36 | Yes |
Shango Patera | Shango (Yorùbá) | 32.35°N 100.52°W | 90.22 | Yes[4] |
Shoshu Patera | Shoshu (Caucasian) | 20.36°S 324.67°W | 13.08 | No |
Sigurd Patera | Sigurd (Norse) | 5.94°S 97.93°W | 68.6 | Yes |
Siun Patera | Siun (Nanai people of Siberia) | 49.84°S 0.44°W | 52.5 | No |
Steropes Patera | Steropes (Greek) | 15.54°N 138.85°W | 20.0 | No |
Sui Jen Patera | Sui Jen (Chinese) | 19.1°S 2.65°W | 33.78 | No |
Surya Patera | Surya (Hindu) | 21.47°S 151.59°W | 49.81 | Yes |
Susanoo Patera | Susanoo (Japanese) | 22.39°N 219.8°W | 58.41 | Yes |
Svarog Patera | Svarog (Slavic) | 48.66°S 265.74°W | 124.03 | Yes |
Talos Patera | Talos (Greek) | 26.39°S 354.75°W | 24.67 | No |
Taranis Patera | Taranis (Celtic) | 71.37°S 25.53°W | 130.67 | No |
Taw Patera | Taw (Monguor) | 33.65°S 358.37°W | 4.74 | No |
Tawhaki Patera | Tawhaki (Maori) | 3.32°N 76.18°W | 49.85 | Yes |
Thomagata Patera | Thomagata (Muisca) | 25.67°N 165.94°W | 59.0 | No |
Tien Mu Patera | Tien Mu (Chinese) | 12.31°N 134.3°W | 28.0 | Yes |
Tiermes Patera | Tiermes (Sami) | 22.38°N 349.95°W | 79.76 | No |
Tohil Patera | Tohil (Mayan) | 25.63°S 158.66°W | 76.59 | No |
Tol-Ava Patera | Tol-Ava (Mordvin people of Russia) | 1.8°N 322.14°W | 84.53 | No |
Tung Yo Patera | Tung Yo (Chinese) | 18.27°S 0.93°W | 59.68 | No |
Tupan Patera | the thunder god Tupan of the Tupí-Guaraní people of Brazil[5] | 18.73°S 141.13°W | 79.13 | Yes |
Tvashtar Paterae | Tvashtri (Hindu) | 62.76°N 123.53°W | 306.19 | Yes |
Ukko Patera | Ukko (Finnish) | 30.95°N 18.41°W | 35.25 | Yes?[4] |
Ülgen Patera | Ülgen (Siberian) | 40.85°S 287.31°W | 43.89 | Yes |
Uta Patera | Utu (Sumerian) | 35.86°S 22.4°W | 43.89 | Yes |
Vahagn Patera | Vahagn (Armenian) | 24.11°S 350.75°W | 99.6 | No |
Viracocha Patera | Viracocha (Inca) | 61.77°S 280.09°W | 59.3 | Yes |
Vivasvant Patera | Vivasvant (Hindu) | 75.14°N 293.98°W | 83.19 | Yes |
Wabasso Patera | Wabasso (Potawatomi people of North America) | 22.9°S 166.7°W | 32.0 | No |
Wayland Patera | Wayland the Smith (Germanic) | 32.8°S 225.23°W | 63.37 | Yes |
Yaw Patera | Yaw (Hebrew) | 9.9°N 132.2°W | 39.0 | Yes |
Zal Patera | Zal (Persian) | 40.25°N 74.5°W | 165.94 | Yes |
Lava flows
Ionian fluctūs (areas of lava flow) are named after fire and thunder gods in various mythologies, or after locations in Greek mythology associated with Io. Coordinate, length, and name source come from the IAU's Solar System Nomenclature Website.[1] Notes on whether the lava flow has been observed as part of an active volcano by either ground-based astronomers, the Hubble Space Telescope, or the various spacecraft that have encountered the Jupiter system come from the book, Volcanism on Io, unless otherwise noted.[2]
Fluctus | Named after | Coordinates | Length | Activity Observed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acala Fluctus | Acala (Buddhism) | 8.97°N 334.59°W | 411.11 km | Yes |
Arinna Fluctus | Arinna (Hittite) | 31.24°N 149.16°W | 121.94 km | Yes |
Donar Fluctus | Donar (Germanic) | 22.67°N 187.63°W | 222.47 km | Yes |
Euboea Fluctūs | Euboea (Greek) | 45.01°S 350.96°W | 104.82 km | No |
Fjorgynn Fluctus | Fjorgyn (Norse) | 11.23°N 358.08°W | 414.07 km | Yes |
Kanehekili Fluctus | Kāne Milohai (Hawaiian) | 17.68°S 33.56°W | 243.47 km | Yes |
Lei-Kung Fluctus | Lei Gong (Chinese) | 40.4°N 206.47°W | 386.17 km | Yes |
Lei-zi Fluctus | Lei Zi (Chinese) | 14.25°N 46.16°W | 361.1 km | No |
Marduk Fluctus | Marduk (Sumerian) | 27.59°S 210.83°W | 169.43 km | Yes |
Masubi Fluctus | Ho-Masubi (Japanese) | 50.49°S 58.13°W | 501.33 km | Yes |
Sobo Fluctus | Sobo (Vodou) | 14.08°N 150.59°W | 58.83 km | Yes |
Tsũi Goab Fluctus | Tsui (Khoikhoi) | 1.4°S 163.4°W | 117.0 km | Yes |
Tung Yo Fluctus | Tung Yo (Chinese) | 16.6°S 356.49°W | 459.37 km | No |
Uta Fluctus | Utu (Sumerian) | 33.05°S 16.65°W | 332.31 km | No |
Shield volcanoes
Ionian shield volcanoes or tholi are named after mythological figures associated with fire or with the nymph Io.
Tholus | Named after | Coordinates | Length | Height |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apis Tholus | Apis (Greek) | 10.9°S 347.88°W | 145.71 km | N/A |
Inachus Tholus | Inachus (Greek) | 16.18°S 347.76°W | 176.96 km | 1.8 km[6] |
Tsũi Goab Tholus | Tsui (Khoikhoi) | 0.1°S 163.0°W | 53.0 km | 0.8 km[7] |
Lava channels
Ionian lava channels that cut into the surrounding terrain use the term vallis.
Vallis | Named after | Coordinates | Length |
---|---|---|---|
Tawhaki Vallis | Tawhaki (Maori) | 0.5°N 72.8°W | 190.0 kilometer (km) |
References
- Blue, Jennifer. "Io Nomenclature: Patera, paterae". USGS. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
- Davies, Ashley (2007). "Appendix 1: Io hot-spot locations". Volcanism on Io: A Comparison with Earth. Cambridge University Press. pp. 305–309. ISBN 0-521-85003-7.
- /moʊˈnæn/ in English by Rosaly Lopes, who named Monan.
- Spencer, J. R.; et al. (2007). "Io Volcanism Seen by New Horizons: A Major Eruption of the Tvashtar Volcano". Science. 318 (5848): 240–243. Bibcode:2007Sci...318..240S. doi:10.1126/science.1147621. PMID 17932290.
- /tuːˈpæn/ in English by Rosaly Lopes, who named Tupan.
- Schenk, P.; et al. (2001). "The Mountains of Io: Global and Geological Perspectives from Voyager and Galileo". Journal of Geophysical Research. 106 (E12): 33201–33222. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633201S. doi:10.1029/2000JE001408.
- Schenk, P. M.; et al. (2004). "Shield volcano topography and the rheology of lava flows on Io". Icarus. 169: 98–110. Bibcode:2004Icar..169...98S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.015.