John Lewis & Partners

John Lewis & Partners (formerly John Lewis) is a brand of high-end department stores operating throughout Great Britain. Concessions are also located in the Republic of Ireland and Australia. The brand sells general merchandise as part of the employee-owned mutual organization known as the John Lewis Partnership, the largest co-operative in the United Kingdom.[3][4] It was created by Spedan Lewis, son of the founder, John Lewis, in 1929. The chain has promised since 1925 that it is "never knowingly undersold" – it will always at least match a lower price offered by a national high street competitor.[5][6]

John Lewis & Partners
Subsidiary
IndustryRetail
Founded1864 (1864)
FounderJohn Lewis
HeadquartersLondon, England, UK
Number of locations
42 stores- incl. Swindon Home Outlet (2018)[1]
Area served
United Kingdom
Revenue £3.78 billion (2017)[1]
£243.2 million (2017)[1]
Number of employees
38,100 (2017)[2]
ParentJohn Lewis Partnership
Websitewww.johnlewis.com

The first John Lewis store was opened in 1864 in Oxford Street, London, and there are now 42 stores throughout Great Britain. The first John Lewis concession in the Republic of Ireland opened in a Dublin Arnotts store in October 2016. The first Australian John Lewis concession opened in 2016.[7]

On 1 January 2008, the Oxford Street store was awarded a Royal Warrant from Queen Elizabeth II as "suppliers of haberdashery and household goods".[8] John Lewis & Partners Reading is also the holder of a Royal Warrant from the Queen in 2007 as suppliers of household and fancy goods.[9]

The John Lewis & Partners Christmas advert was first launched in 2007 and it has since become something of an annual tradition in the UK,[10][11] and one of the signals that the countdown to Christmas has begun.[12][13][14]

History

Early history

The flagship store on Oxford Street began as a drapery shop, opened by John Lewis in 1864. In 1905 Lewis acquired a second store, Peter Jones in Sloane Square, London. His eldest son, John Spedan Lewis, began the John Lewis Partnership in 1920 after thinking up the idea during his days in charge of Peter Jones. John Spedan Lewis also thought up the idea of the Gazette, the partnership's in-house magazine, first published in 1918.

In 1933 the partnership purchased its first store outside London, the long-established Jessop & Son in Nottingham. Jessops only rebranded itself as John Lewis on 27 October 2002. In 1940 the partnership bought Selfridge Provincial Stores. This group of sixteen suburban and provincial department stores included Cole Brothers, Sheffield; George Henry Lee, Liverpool; Robert Sayle, Cambridge; and Trewin Brothers, Watford; some of which continue to trade today but are now re-branded as John Lewis & Partners.

In 1937, grocery company Waitrose, consisting of ten shops and 160 employees, was taken over by John Lewis, and today operates as its supermarket arm.[15]

In 1949, it was reported that London branches included Peter Jones, John Barnes (now a branch of Waitrose & Partners), John Pound and Bon Marche. The "provincial branches" were Robert Sayle, of Cambridge and Peterborough, Tyrrell & Green, of Southampton and Lance & Lance of Weston-super-Mare. They also had "silk shops" at Edinburgh, Hull and Newcastle upon Tyne.[16]

In 1953 the Reading department store Heelas became part of the John Lewis group, retaining its original name until 2001 when it adopted the John Lewis name. Also in 1953, the partnership bought Herbert Parkinson, a textile manufacturer, a business which still makes duvets, pillows and furnishings for John Lewis.[17]

History since 1972
John Lewis store in Cardiff
John Lewis Oxford Street store damaged during The Blitz, 1940

The first John Lewis store constructed as part of a shopping centre was the relocated Jessops, in Nottingham, which has been in the Victoria Centre since it opened in 1972. The announcement of an anchor tenant such as John Lewis contributes to the certainty of developers' proposals, and so attracts other retailers to the area.

Before the relaxation of UK Sunday trading laws in 1994, John Lewis stores closed on Mondays to allow staff a full two-day "weekend".

The John Lewis Partnership was the first department store group in the UK to adopt central buying, launching the 'Jonell(e)' name for own-brand merchandise in 1937. That brand name has gradually been replaced with the 'John Lewis' name since 2001. Additional own brands include Collection by John Lewis as well as John Lewis & Co. and Collection Weekend by John Lewis. Several Waitrose own-brand products, such as cleaning materials and party stationery, are also available from John Lewis.

Many stores acquired by the Partnership retained their original names for many years, including Tyrrell & Green in Southampton until 2000,[18] Bonds in Norwich until 2001, Trewins in Watford until 2001, Jessops in Nottingham (its first store outside London) until 2002,[19] Bainbridge's in Newcastle until 2002, Robert Sayle in Cambridge[20] and Cole Brothers in Sheffield until 2002. All have now been rebranded John Lewis, with the exception of Peter Jones in south west London and Knight & Lee in Southsea.

Investment has been made across the group in the twenty-first century. This has included the renovation of Peter Jones at a cost of £107 million, completed in 2004.[21] The original Oxford Street shop is still the flagship and largest branch in the partnership. A complete refurbishment of the building was completed in late 2007 at a cost of £60 million. This introduced the new 'Place To Eat' restaurant and a brasserie and bistro in the store. A 'John Lewis Food Hall from Waitrose' opened in the shop's basement on 3 October 2007. A second Food Hall opened at the John Lewis Bluewater store on 6 August 2009.

On 4 September 2018, John Lewis underwent a major rebrand to become John Lewis & Partners. Waitrose underwent a similar rebrand.[22]

In October 2018, recruitment website Indeed named John Lewis & Partners as the UK's eighth best private sector employer,[23] based on millions of employee ratings and reviews.[24]

Stores

Department stores
The first branch of John Lewis in Leeds (opened in October 2016) under construction in 2015

As of October 2018, the John Lewis Partnership operated 52 John Lewis stores throughout Great Britain.[25] The Oxford Street store, originally opened in 1864 (rebuilt in 1953 following significant bomb damage in World War II), is the largest operated by the partnership. 35 of the stores are traditional department stores and 12 are 'John Lewis at home' stores.

John Lewis at home

In 2009, John Lewis announced a new format of "John Lewis at home" stores, the first of which opened in Poole in October 2009. The "at home" stores are located within pre-existing shopping regions, and focus on electrical, home and technology products.

The store in Poole opened on 22 October 2009 at the former Courts site at the Commerce Centre retail park in Branksome.

Following the early success of the Poole "at home" store, five further "at homes" opened in 2010/11 in areas outside of the catchment of the traditional John Lewis stores, including Croydon, Tunbridge Wells, Tamworth, Chester and Swindon. Further stores in Newbury and Chichester, West Sussex, opened in the spring of 2012, with Ipswich following in November 2012.[26] On Thursday 17 June 2015, a new John Lewis at home store opened in Horsham, West Sussex along with a branch of Waitrose that relocated from the town centre.[27]

Airport store

In the summer of 2014, John Lewis opened a small store airside in the newly rebuilt Terminal 2 at London Heathrow Airport.[28][29]

Australia and Republic of Ireland

In spring 2016, John Lewis confirmed it planned to enter the Irish market with a concession based in Arnotts Dublin store on Henry Street. It opened in October 2016 with a limited number of John Lewis branded home furnishings.

By February 2017, John Lewis had opened five shop-in-shop branches in Myer department stores in Australia.[30][31] The merchandise focus is on homewares. Manchester (as bedding, linens and towels are called in Australia) is manufactured to Australian bed sizes.

Twenty-first century

In June 2004, John Lewis announced plans to open its first store in Northern Ireland at the Sprucefield Park development, the province's largest out of town shopping centre, located outside Lisburn and 10 miles (16 km) from Belfast. The application was approved in June 2005 and the opening of the new store was scheduled for 2008. This decision was disputed and was taken to the High Court, where it was reversed.

In 2008, a controversy over the declaration of expenses by UK members of parliament revealed that Parliamentary authorities were using information from John Lewis – the "John Lewis list" – as a guide to the maximum costs refundable to MPs when equipping London pieds à terre at public expense.

The first John Lewis store in Birmingham in England opened in 2015.

On 6 November 2008, it was announced that John Lewis would open their first department store outside the UK in Dublin, Ireland. Subject to planning permission, the shop will be built on O'Connell Street. The centre is being developed by Chartered Land and will be part of the largest retail centre in Ireland. As of January 2014 the €1.2 billion development is on hold and John Lewis are still seeking a location in Northern Ireland for a flagship department store.[32]

Westfield Stratford City

The Cardiff store opened in September 2009 as part of the Phase 2 development of St David's Centre. The Cardiff branch is also the Partnership's only department store in Wales.[33][34] Stratford opened in 2011 together with a new Waitrose supermarket. The new shops will anchor the Westfield Stratford City development alongside the Olympic Park in east London.

In February 2011, it was announced that John Lewis was appointed as the Official Department Store provider for the London 2012 Olympic Games. As part of the deal, John Lewis stores became key retail outlets for official London 2012 merchandise.[35]

Also in February 2011, John Lewis announced it is to open a 250,000-square-foot (23,000 m2) department store in Birmingham city centre in 2014. The completion date of 2014 was pushed back to autumn 2015 due to complications regarding the construction of the centre, including issues relating to car parks and taxi ranks. Grand Central leasing director Keith Stone said the date was pushed back to ensure a better customer experience.[36] The store opened on 24 September 2015 and is the flagship store for the £100 million development and part of the new Grand Central shopping centre built on the south side of a redeveloped Birmingham New Street railway station.

In November 2011, it was announced that John Lewis had shelved plans for a new store in Preston, Lancashire as part of the Tithebarn Project. The economic climate was cited as a key factor in their decision.[37]

Leeds John Lewis at Victoria Gate

It was announced that John Lewis would be the anchor tenant of a new development scheme in Leeds. The Eastgate Quarters scheme was approved in July 2011, since renamed Victoria Gate the site guides shoppers from central Leeds to John Lewis via a luxury arcade continuing (over Vicar Lane) from the existing Victoria Quarter. John Lewis had been looking for a site in Leeds for a while, even considering the Headingley cricket ground, and are happy they are at long last filling a major regional gap.[38] The facade of the Leeds department store references the diagonal lines of the John Lewis motif.

In 2014 John Lewis announced their intention to anchor a £1bn extension of the Westfield London shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush, west London.[39][40] The store (number 50) opened in March 2018.

A new store in Cheltenham opened in 2018, in the former Beechwood Shopping Centre

John Lewis has been reported to be looking at location possibilities for a department store in Guildford, Surrey. It is also thought that the retailer is finally in talks to open a store in central Manchester as part of the Ramada development.

John Lewis started a trial in 2013 product-labelling the lifetime electricity costs on the household goods.[41] John Lewis opened a store as the showpiece of the Bond Street retail development in the cathedral city of Chelmsford, Essex in 2016. In October 2017, the remodelled and extended Westgate Shopping Centre reopened in the medieval university city of Oxford, with a large John Lewis is the development's anchor store.

In November 2016, John Lewis initiated their internal resource-led ‘Project ā’ to increase profitability across several product ranges. Currently, the project efforts are focused on their Baby & Child range.

In 2018 John Lewis announced that its profits (including Waitrose) for the six months to 28 July dropped 99% from the previous year to £1.2m, and warned that full-year profits would be substantially lower. The company said that the drop was due to lower margins as "This year there has been twice as many extravaganza days as there were a year ago and actually the discounts have been even deeper.... We're never knowingly undersold at John Lewis, so of course we are matching that, and that affects margins." Not being undersold was an "extremely valuable" promise.[6] The drop in profits was reported to be "sparking concerns it could be the next high street retailer faced with closure", following the closure of many British retail chains.[42]

On 21 March 2020 John Lewis announced that it would temporarily close all its stores from 24 March due to the coronavirus pandemic. It also announced a "significant" reduction of its £500 million planned investment for the year. Over 2,000 John Lewis staff were already temporarily working in Waitrose stores to cope with large grocery demands due to the coronavirus outbreak.[43][44] On 9 July 2020, the company announced that they will be closing 8 out of their 50 department stores, leaving 1,300 job positions at potential cut.[45]

Visual identity
John Lewis graphic identity, 1990
The John Lewis logo between 2000 and 2018, now used as a secondary logo
The new John Lewis & Partners logo from the 2018 rebrand

The graphic identity, which has at its core the distinctive diagonal motif, was created in 1990 by John Lloyd and Jim Northover of the British design consultancy, Lloyd Northover. In 2000, it was given a minor refresh by London design consultancy Pentagram.[46]

Lines at Leeds John Lewis

The line motif appears to be reflected in the façade of the Leeds store.

Christmas advertising

Since 2007 John Lewis has become known for producing memorable Christmas television adverts, which have gained heavy exposure on social media.[47][48] Some of the more prominent campaigns are The Bear and the Hare, Monty's Christmas and Man on the Moon.[48] The adverts, which typically rely on emotional content, have become something of an annual tradition in the UK[49] and the music used in the campaigns has reached high positions in the UK Singles Chart.[50]

Future developments

In July 2011, John Lewis announced that it would be opening 10 new stores under a new smaller format in city centre locations over the next five years. The new smaller format department stores will hold John Lewis's core lines of Home, Electrical and Fashions, all tailored to the local area. However, the full line will still be available through online terminals within the store, as well as the "click and collect" service already available within other branches. With the first branch opening in Exeter on 12 October 2012, Andrea O'Donnell, commercial director, said the move would help John Lewis double its turnover from £3bn ($4.89bn) to £6bn over the next 10 years[51]

John Lewis retain long-held plans to open a department store in Manchester city centre ever since the regeneration of the city centre following the 1996 Manchester bombing, but had not found a suitable site as of 2012.[52] They have countered the lack of city-centre store by opening two large stores in Greater Manchester: Cheadle in 2000 and the Trafford Centre in 2005.[53]

In September 2015 John Lewis purchased 129–133 North Street in Brighton, a building occupied by Boots and other shops.[54]

Cancelled plans

In September 2016 John Lewis unveiled its plans for the Brighton store which was expected to open in late 2018, but plans for the store were scrapped in May 2017.[55]

Plans have been circulating since the early 2000s for a new large store in Sheffield to replace the current store. The new store was to be included within the Sevenstone development, which has since been cancelled. A new store may however be constructed as part of the Sheffield Retail Quarter, scheduled to be completed by 2022. As of August 2017 these plans had not been confirmed.

Current branches

Department stores

All stores currently trade as 'John Lewis & Partners' unless stated otherwise.

At Home shops

Other shops

Former branches

Department stores
Pratts, Streatham
  • John Barnes, Finchley Road, London – acquired 1940; closed 1981; building retained by John Lewis Partnership and now occupied by Waitrose & Partners
  • Blinkhorn & Son, Gloucester – acquired 1940; closed 1953; sold to Woolworths
  • Blinkhorn & Son Stroud, Stroud – acquired 1940; closed 1953; sold to Woolworths
  • Bon Marché, Brixton, London – acquired 1940; closed 1975
  • Buckleys, Harrogate – acquired 1940; sold in 1953 to Busbys of Bradford
  • A H Bull, Reading – acquired 1940; closed in 1953 with the business incorporated into Heelas; premises sold to Littlewoods
  • Caleys, Windsor – acquired 1940; closed 2006
  • Holdrons, Peckham, London – acquired 1940; sold 1948
  • Jones Brothers, Holloway Road, London – acquired 1940; closed 1990; part of Jones Brothers site retained by John Lewis Partnership and now occupied by Waitrose & Partners
  • Knight & Lee, Southsea – acquired 1934; closed 13 July 2019
  • Lance & Lance, Weston-super-Mare – acquired 1933; closed 1956
  • John Lewis & Co. Upton Park, Upton Park, London - a branch of John Lewis & Co. of Oxford Street trading in the early 20th Century; after disposal the store traded as The John Lewis Store of Upton Park before purchase by Chiesmans
  • John Lewis & Co. Wimbledon, Wimbledon, London - a branch of John Lewis & Co. of Oxford Street trading in the early 20th Century; sold to Kennards in the 1920s
  • John Lewis & Partners Birmingham / John Lewis Birmingham, Birmingham - opened 2015; closed 2020
  • John Lewis & Partners Watford / John Lewis Watford (formerly Trewins / Trewin Brothers), Watford - acquired 1940; relocated 1990; closed 2020
  • Pratts, Streatham, London – acquired 1940; closed 1990
  • Quin & Axten, Brixton, London – acquired 1940; sold 1949
  • Robert Sayle Peterborough (formerly Thomsons), Peterborough – acquired 1940; closed 1956
  • Vinalls, Eastbourne – sold 1953 to McCartney Stewart

At Home shops

Other shops
  • George Henry Lee Chester, Chester - opened 1951; premises formerly occupied by John Smith & Son; closed 1967
  • John Lewis & Partners Heathrow / John Lewis Heathrow, Heathrow - opened 2014; closed 2020
  • John Lewis & Partners St Pancras / John Lewis St Pancras, St Pancras, London - opened 2014; closed 2020
  • John Lewis Ladybird Shop, Oxford Street, London - opened 1962; closed 1977
  • Daniel Neal, Portman Square, London – acquired 1963; closed 1963 with the business incorporated into John Lewis
  • Daniel Neal Bournemouth, Bournemouth – acquired 1963; closed 1977
  • Daniel Neal Cheltenham, Cheltenham – acquired 1963; closed 1977
  • Daniel Neal Kensington, Kensington, London – acquired 1963; closed 1964 with the business incorporated into Peter Jones
  • John Pound Oxford Street, Oxford Street, London - acquired 1944
  • John Pound Piccadilly, Piccadilly, London - acquired 1944
  • John Pound Regent Street, Regent Street, London; acquired 1944
  • The Silk Shop, Newcastle upon Tyne - acquired 1943; closed 1976 to coincide with the relocation of Bainbridge
  • The Silk Shop Edinburgh, Edinburgh - acquired 1943; closed 1973 to coincide with the opening of John Lewis Edinburgh
  • The Silk Shop Hull, Hull - acquired 1944; sold 1953 to Ellwood Silks
  • The Silk Shop Tunbridge Wells (formerly Bon Marche), Tunbridge Wells - acquired 1946; sold 1953 to John Perris
gollark: ```httposmarks@fenrir /tmp> curl -I https://osmarks.tk/HTTP/2 200 server: nginx/1.18.0date: Sat, 26 Sep 2020 21:48:23 GMTcontent-type: text/htmlcontent-length: 11144last-modified: Mon, 21 Sep 2020 17:33:13 GMTetag: "5f68e3d9-2b88"strict-transport-security: max-age=63072000; preload; includeSubDomainsreferrer-policy: strict-origin-when-cross-originaccept-ranges: bytes```
gollark: `curl -I` can do that.
gollark: You should be able to send HEAD requests and read the `Content-Length` header.
gollark: I think much of the API uses UTF-16, because they wanted to be all international back when it was fixed-width UCS-2 and actually made some sense.
gollark: Because Windows bad and legacy stuff.

References
  1. "Annual Report and Accounts 2017" (PDF). John Lewis Partnership plc. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  2. "John Lewis opening and closing times". Timeo. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  3. "Who we are". John Lewis partnership.
  4. "John Lewis is UK's biggest mutual after Co-op falls from top spot". The Telegraph.
  5. "Quality Service and Value". John Lewis Partnership. Retrieved 13 September 2018. We set highly competitive prices for all our products; If we find a national high street competitor offering a better nationwide price for the same individual product, sold with the same service conditions, we'll lower our price to match in all our shops and on our website, including when a competitor is having a sale.
  6. "John Lewis profits slump 99% in 'challenging times'". BBC News. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  7. "John Lewis goes Down Under with Australian shops". The Telegraph. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  8. Royal Warrant Directory – John Lewis Archived 15 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "John Lewis awarded Royal Warrant". John Lewis Partnership. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
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  11. "What is the song in the John Lewis Christmas ad this year and who sings it?". Plymouth Herald. 30 November 2016. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016.
  12. Stone, Jason (12 November 2013). "John Lewis Christmas ads: how they evolved from 2007 to 2013". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  13. Sherwin, Adam (6 November 2014). "John Lewis Christmas advert: It's sickly, sweet and surprisingly potent". The Independent. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  14. Wallop, Harry (6 November 2014). "It's funny how John Lewis Christmas Advert is now part of our Christmas countdown". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  15. "Company History". Waitrose. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  16. "Big stores' right to ban extremists". Hartlepool Mail. 19 November 1949 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. "Herbert Parkinson History". Herbertparkinson.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  18. "Tyrrell & Green". Daily Echo.
  19. "BBC – Nottingham Features – Jessops' history in pictures". BBC.
  20. "John Lewis to lose famous names". Daily Mail. 26 September 2000.
  21. Walsh, Fiona. "Peter John revamp signs off Pentegram concept". Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  22. "John Lewis/Waitrose '& Partners' rebrand splits opinion". Campaign Live. Haymarket Media Group. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  23. Taylor, Chloe (22 October 2018). "Apple named best private sector employer in the UK". CNBC. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  24. "Top-Rated Workplaces: Best in the Private Sector – Indeed Blog". Indeed Blog. 22 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
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  27. "John Lewis and Waitrose store opens in Horsham". West Sussex County Times.
  28. "Latest News from Heathrow Terminal 2: John Lewis to open first airport store". heathrowairport.com. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  29. "John Lewis to open at Heathrow's Terminal 2". John Lewis Partnership. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  30. "John Lewis Partnership plc Annual Report and Accounts 2017" (PDF). John Lewis. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2018. We opened five shop-in-shops in Australia in February
  31. Armstrong, Ashley (15 July 2016). "John Lewis goes Down Under with Australian shops". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  32. "John Lewis Partnership website – Dublin store". Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  33. "John Lewis website – Cardiff store". Retrieved 3 August 2008.
  34. "Store wars as John Lewis opens". BBC News. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
  35. "John Lewis to sponsor London 2012 Olympics". Marketing Magazine.
  36. "Birmingham New Street scheme Grand Central unveils retail signings as it delays opening date". retail-week.com.
  37. "John Lewis pull out of Preston revamp". Lancashire Evening Post. 17 November 2011.
  38. "Department Stores – New shops: Leeds". John Lewis. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  39. "New shops : Westfield London Expansion Plans". Westfield. 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  40. "John Lewis to open Westfield London store". The Daily Telegraph. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  41. John Lewis puts lifetime electricity cost on product labelsGovernment-backed scheme aims to show people how energy efficient appliances can help them save on energy bills The Guardian 9 September 2013
  42. Claire Schofield (13 September 2018). "John Lewis profits have crashed by 99% since last year – but what does that mean for the future of the company?". Edinburgh News. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  43. Jarvis, Jacob (21 March 2020). "John Lewis to close all 50 stores temporarily amid coronavirus crisis". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  44. "John Lewis to temporarily close all 50 stores amid coronavirus pandemic". ITV News. 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  45. Eley, Jonathan (9 July 2020). "Boots and John Lewis set to cut 5,300 jobs and shut stores". Financial Times. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  46. Mills, Lauren (29 October 2000). "John Lewis hires image maker for new look". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  47. Bold, Ben (6 November 2015). "John Lewis Christmas ads 2007 to 2015: from humble roots to national event". Marketing Magazine. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  48. Regev, Dana (8 November 2015). "The Christmas commercials that turned into a smash hit". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  49. Wallop, Harry (6 November 2014). "It's funny how John Lewis Christmas Advert is now part of our Christmas countdown". The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  50. Welsh, Daniel (6 November 2014). "John Lewis Christmas advert 2014: Best and Funniest Twitter Reactions to #MontyThePenguin". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  51. Felsted, Andrea (22 July 2011). "John Lewis to open 10 new stores". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  52. "The history of John Lewis Cheadle". John Lewis. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012.
  53. Linton, Deborah (27 April 2011). "John Lewis searching for site to open major store in Manchester". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  54. "John Lewis buys prime location in the heart of Brighton city centre". The Argus.
  55. "John Lewis unveils flagship plans for new Sussex store". The Argus.

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