Intel Core
Intel Core are streamlined midrange consumer workstation and enthusiast computers central processing units (CPU) marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level, and bumping the Celeron series of processors to the low end. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets.
As of June 2017, the lineup of Core processors includes the Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, and Intel Core i9, along with the X-series Intel Core CPUs.[1][2]
In early 2018, news reports indicated that security flaws, referred to as "Meltdown" and "Spectre", were found "in virtually all Intel processors [made in the past two decades] that will require fixes within Windows, macOS and Linux". The flaw also affected cloud servers. At the time, Intel was not commenting on this issue.[3][4] According to a New York Times report, "There is no easy fix for Spectre ... as for Meltdown, the software patch needed to fix the issue could slow down computers by as much as 30 percent".[5]
In mid 2018, the majority of Intel Core processors were found to possess a defect (the Foreshadow vulnerability), which undermines the Software Guard Extensions (SGX) feature of the processor.[6][7][8] In March 2020, computer security experts reported another Intel chip security flaw, besides the Meltdown and Spectre flaws, with the systematic name CVE-2019-0090 (or, "Intel CSME Bug"). This newly found flaw is not fixable with a firmware update, and affects nearly "all Intel chips released in the past five years".[9][10][11]
Outline
Although Intel Core is a brand that promises no internal consistency or continuity, the processors within this family have been, for the most part, broadly similar.
The first products receiving this designation were the Core Solo and Core Duo Yonah processors for mobile from the Pentium M design tree, fabricated at 65 nm and brought to market in January 2006. These are substantially different in design than the rest of the Intel Core product group, having derived from the Pentium Pro lineage that predated Pentium 4.
The first Intel Core desktop processor—and typical family member—came from the Conroe iteration, a 65 nm dual-core design fabricated brought to market in July 2006, based on the all-new Intel Core microarchitecture with substantial enhancements in micro-architectural efficiency and performance, outperforming Pentium 4 across the board (or near to it), while operating at drastically lower clock rates. Maintaining high instructions per cycle (IPC) on a deeply pipelined and resourced out-of-order execution engine has remained a constant fixture of the Intel Core product group ever since.
The new substantial bump in microarchitecture came with the introduction of the 45 nm Bloomfield desktop processor in November 2008 on the Nehalem architecture, whose main advantage came from redesigned I/O and memory systems featuring the new Intel QuickPath Interconnect and an integrated memory controller supporting up to three channels of DDR3 memory.
Subsequent performance improvements have tended toward making additions rather than profound changes, such as adding the Advanced Vector Extensions instruction set extensions to Sandy Bridge, first released on 32 nm in January 2011. Time has also brought improved support for virtualization and a trend toward higher levels of system integration and management functionality (and along with that, increased performance) through the ongoing evolution of facilities such as Intel Active Management Technology.
Since 2019, the Core brand has been based on four product lines, consisting of the entry level i3, the mainstream i5, the high-end i7, and the "enthusiast" i9.
Overview
Brand | Desktop | Mobile | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Code-named | Cores | Fab | Date released | Code-named | Cores | Fab | Date released | |
Core Solo | Yonah | 1 | 65 nm | January 2006 | ||||
Core Duo | Yonah | 2 | 65 nm | January 2006 | ||||
Core 2 Solo | Merom-L Penryn-L |
1 1 |
65 nm 45 nm |
September 2007 May 2008 | ||||
Core 2 Duo | Conroe Allendale Wolfdale |
2 2 2 |
65 nm 65 nm 45 nm |
August 2006 January 2007 January 2008 |
Merom Penryn |
2 2 |
65 nm 45 nm |
July 2006 January 2008 |
Core 2 Quad | Kentsfield Yorkfield |
4 4 |
65 nm 45 nm |
January 2007 March 2008 |
Penryn | 4 | 45 nm | August 2008 |
Core 2 Extreme | Conroe XE Kentsfield XE Yorkfield XE |
2 4 4 |
65 nm 65 nm 45 nm |
July 2006 November 2006 November 2007 |
Merom XE Penryn XE Penryn XE |
2 2 4 |
65 nm 45 nm 45 nm |
July 2007 January 2008 August 2008 |
Core M | Broadwell | 2 | 14 nm | September 2014[12] | ||||
Core m3 | Skylake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake Amber Lake |
2 2 2 2 |
14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
August 2015 September 2016 April 2017 August 2018 | ||||
Core m5 | Skylake | 2 | 14 nm | August 2015 | ||||
Core m7 | Skylake | 2 | 14 nm | August 2015 | ||||
Core i3 | Clarkdale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake |
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 |
32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
January 2010 February 2011 September 2012 September 2013 September 2015 January 2017 October 2017 Jan. & April 2019 April 2020 |
Arrandale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Cannon Lake Coffee Lake Whiskey Lake Ice Lake Comet Lake |
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 |
32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm |
January 2010 February 2011 June 2012 June 2013 January 2015 Sept. 2015 & June 2016 August 2016 November 2016 Jan. & June 2017 April 2018 May 2018 July 2018 August 2018 May & Aug. 2019 September 2019 |
Core i5 | Lynnfield Clarkdale Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake |
4 2 4 2 2-4 2-4 4 4 4 6 6 6 |
45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
September 2009 January 2010 January 2011 February 2011 April 2012 June 2013 June 2015 September 2015 January 2017 October 2017 Oct. 2018 & Jan. 2019 April 2020 |
Arrandale Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake-R Coffee Lake Amber Lake Whiskey Lake Ice Lake Comet Lake Comet Lake-H |
2 2 2 2 2 2-4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 |
32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
January 2010 February 2011 May 2012 June 2013 January 2015 September 2015 August 2016 January 2017 October 2017 April 2018 Aug. 2018 & Oct. 2018 Aug. 2018 & April 2019 May & Aug. 2019 September 2019 April 2020 |
Core i7 | Bloomfield Lynnfield Gulftown Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge-E Sandy Bridge-E Ivy Bridge Haswell Ivy Bridge-E Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Coffee Lake Comet Lake |
4 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 4-6 4 4 4 6 8 8 |
45 nm 45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
November 2008 September 2009 July 2010 January 2011 November 2011 February 2012 April 2012 June 2013 September 2013 June 2015 August 2015 January 2017 October 2017 October 2018 April 2020 |
Clarksfield Arrandale Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Broadwell Skylake Kaby Lake Kaby Lake Coffee Lake Amber Lake Whiskey Lake Ice Lake Comet Lake Comet Lake-H |
4 2 4 2 2-4 2-4 2 4 2-4 2 4 4-6 2 4 4 4-6 6-8 |
45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 10 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
September 2009 January 2010 January 2011 February 2011 May 2012 June 2013 January 2015 June 2015 September 2015 August 2016 January 2017 April 2018 August 2018 Aug. 2018 & April 2019 May & Aug. 2019 September 2019 April 2020 |
Core i7 Extreme |
Bloomfield Gulftown Sandy Bridge-E Ivy Bridge-E Haswell-E Broadwell-E Skylake-X Kaby Lake-X |
4 6 6 6 8 10 6-8 4 |
45 nm 32 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
November 2008 March 2010 November 2011 September 2013 August 2014 May 2016 June 2017 June 2017 |
Clarksfield Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell |
4 4 4 4 |
45 nm 32 nm 22 nm 22 nm |
September 2009 January 2011 May 2012 June 2013 |
Core i9 | Skylake-X Skylake-X Cascade Lake-X Coffee Lake Comet Lake |
10 12 14-18 8 10 |
14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm 14 nm |
June 2017 August 2017 September 2017 October 2018 April 2020 |
Coffee Lake-H Comet Lake-H |
6 8 |
14 nm 14 nm |
April 2018 April 2020 |
List of Intel Core microprocessors |
Clock speeds range from 1.2 GHz to 4.2 GHz. (Intel Core i7-7700K) (or 4.5 GHz via Intel Turbo Boost Technology)[13]
Origins
Core
The original Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit mobile dual-core x86 CPUs, which derived from the Pentium M branded processors. The processor family used an enhanced version of the Intel P6 microarchitecture. It emerged in parallel with the NetBurst microarchitecture (Intel P68) of the Pentium 4 brand, and was a precursor of the 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. The Core brand had two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core, which replaced the Pentium M brand of single-core mobile processor).
Intel launched the Core brand on January 6, 2006 with the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU – Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Its dual-core layout closely resembled two interconnected Pentium M branded CPUs packaged as a single die (piece) silicon chip (IC). Hence, the 32-bit microarchitecture of Core branded CPUs – contrary to its name – had more in common with Pentium M branded CPUs than with the subsequent 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. Despite a major rebranding effort by Intel starting January 2006, some companies continued to market computers with the Yonah core marked as Pentium M.
The Core series is also the first Intel processor used as the main CPU in an Apple Macintosh computer. The Core Duo was the CPU for the first generation MacBook Pro, while the Core Solo appeared in Apple's Mac Mini line. Core Duo signified the beginning of Apple's shift to Intel processors across the entire Mac line.
In 2007, Intel began branding the Yonah core CPUs intended for mainstream mobile computers as Pentium Dual-Core, not to be confused with the desktop 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core.
September 2007 and January 4, 2008, marked the discontinuation of a number of Core branded CPUs including several Core Solo, Core Duo, Celeron and one Core 2 Quad chip.[14][15]
Core Solo
Intel Core Solo[16] (product code 80538) uses the same two-core die as the Core Duo, but features only one active core. Depending on demand, Intel may also simply disable one of the cores to sell the chip at the Core Solo price—this requires less effort than launching and maintaining a separate line of CPUs that physically only have one core. Intel had used the same strategy previously with the 486 CPU in which early 486SX CPUs were in fact manufactured as 486DX CPUs but with the FPU disabled.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yonah | Core Solo T1xxx | 2 MB | Socket M | 27–31 W |
Core Solo U1xxx | 5.5–6 W |
Core Duo
Intel Core Duo[17] (product code 80539) consists of two cores on one die, a 2 MB L2 cache shared by both cores, and an arbiter bus that controls both L2 cache and FSB (front-side bus) access.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yonah | Core Duo T2xxx | 2 MB | Socket M | 31 W |
Core Duo L2xxx | 15 W | |||
Core Duo U2xxx | 9 W |
Core 2
The successor to Core is the mobile version of the Intel Core 2 line of processors using cores based upon the Intel Core microarchitecture,[18] released on July 27, 2006. The release of the mobile version of Intel Core 2 marks the reunification of Intel's desktop and mobile product lines as Core 2 processors were released for desktops and notebooks, unlike the first Intel Core CPUs that were targeted only for notebooks (although some small form factor and all-in-one desktops, like the iMac and the Mac Mini, also used Core processors).
Unlike the Intel Core, Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel 64. Another difference between the original Core Duo and the new Core 2 Duo is an increase in the amount of Level 2 cache. The new Core 2 Duo has tripled the amount of on-board cache to 6 MB. Core 2 also introduced a quad-core performance variant to the single- and dual-core chips, branded Core 2 Quad, as well as an enthusiast variant, Core 2 Extreme. All three chips are manufactured at a 65 nm lithography, and in 2008, a 45 nm lithography and support Front Side Bus speeds ranging from 533 MHz to 1600 MHz. In addition, the 45 nm die shrink of the Core microarchitecture adds SSE4.1 support to all Core 2 microprocessors manufactured at a 45 nm lithography, therefore increasing the calculation rate of the processors.
Core 2 Solo
The Core 2 Solo,[19] introduced in September 2007, is the successor to the Core Solo and is available only as an ultra-low-power mobile processor with 5.5 Watt thermal design power. The original U2xxx series "Merom-L" used a special version of the Merom chip with CPUID number 10661 (model 22, stepping A1) that only had a single core and was also used in some Celeron processors. The later SU3xxx are part of Intel's CULV range of processors in a smaller µFC-BGA 956 package but contain the same Penryn chip as the dual-core variants, with one of the cores disabled during manufacturing.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Merom-L | Mobile Core 2 Solo U2xxx | 1 MB | FCBGA | 5.5 W |
Penryn-L | Mobile Core 2 Solo SU3xxx | 3 MB | BGA956 | 5.5 W |
Core 2 Duo
The majority of the desktop and mobile Core 2 processor variants are Core 2 Duo[20][21] with two processor cores on a single Merom, Conroe, Allendale, Penryn, or Wolfdale chip. These come in a wide range of performance and power consumption, starting with the relatively slow ultra-low-power Uxxxx (10 W) and low-power Lxxxx (17 W) versions, to the more performance oriented Pxxxx (25 W) and Txxxx (35 W) mobile versions and the Exxxx (65 W) desktop models. The mobile Core 2 Duo processors with an 'S' prefix in the name are produced in a smaller µFC-BGA 956 package, which allows building more compact laptops.
Within each line, a higher number usually refers to a better performance, which depends largely on core and front-side bus clock frequency and amount of second level cache, which are model-specific. Core 2 Duo processors typically use the full L2 cache of 2, 3, 4, or 6 MB available in the specific stepping of the chip, while versions with the amount of cache reduced during manufacturing are sold for the low-end consumer market as Celeron or Pentium Dual-Core processors. Like those processors, some low-end Core 2 Duo models disable features such as Intel Virtualization Technology.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Merom | Mobile Core 2 Duo U7xxx | 2 MB | BGA479 | 10 W |
Mobile Core 2 Duo L7xxx | 4 MB | 17 W | ||
Mobile Core 2 Duo T5xxx | 2 MB | Socket M Socket P BGA479 | 35 W | |
Mobile Core 2 Duo T7xxx | 2–4 MB | |||
Conroe and Allendale |
Core 2 Duo E4xxx | 2 MB | LGA 775 | 65 W |
Core 2 Duo E6xxx | 2–4 MB | |||
Penryn | Mobile Core 2 Duo SU7xxx | 3 MB | BGA956 | 10 W |
Mobile Core 2 Duo SU9xxx | ||||
Mobile Core 2 Duo SL9xxx | 6 MB | 17 W | ||
Mobile Core 2 Duo SP9xxx | 25 W | |||
Mobile Core 2 Duo P7xxx | 3 MB | Socket P FCBGA6 | 25 W | |
Mobile Core 2 Duo P8xxx | ||||
Mobile Core 2 Duo P9xxx | 6 MB | |||
Mobile Core 2 Duo T6xxx | 2 MB | 35 W | ||
Mobile Core 2 Duo T8xxx | 3 MB | |||
Mobile Core 2 Duo T9xxx | 6 MB | |||
Mobile Core 2 Duo E8xxx | 6 MB | Socket P | 35–55 W | |
Wolfdale | Core 2 Duo E7xxx | 3 MB | LGA 775 | 65 W |
Core 2 Duo E8xxx | 6 MB |
Core 2 Quad
Core 2 Quad[22][23] processors are multi-chip modules consisting of two dies similar to those used in Core 2 Duo, forming a quad-core processor. This allows twice the performance of a dual-core processors at the same clock frequency in ideal conditions.
Initially, all Core 2 Quad models were versions of Core 2 Duo desktop processors, Kentsfield derived from Conroe and Yorkfield from Wolfdale, but later Penryn-QC was added as a high-end version of the mobile dual-core Penryn.
The Xeon 32xx and 33xx processors are mostly identical versions of the desktop Core 2 Quad processors and can be used interchangeably.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kentsfield | Core 2 Quad Q6xxx | 2×4 MB | LGA 775 | 95–105 W |
Yorkfield | Core 2 Quad Q8xxx | 2×2 MB | 65–95 W | |
Core 2 Quad Q9xxx | 2×3–2×6 MB | |||
Penryn-QC | Mobile Core 2 Quad Q9xxx | 2×3–2×6 MB | Socket P | 45 W |
Core 2 Extreme
Core 2 Extreme processors[24][25] are enthusiast versions of Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad processors, usually with a higher clock frequency and an unlocked clock multiplier, which makes them especially attractive for overclocking. This is similar to earlier Pentium processors labeled as Extreme Edition. Core 2 Extreme processors were released at a much higher price than their regular version, often $999 or more.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Merom | Mobile Core 2 Extreme X7xxx | 4 MB | Socket P | 44 W |
Conroe | Core 2 Extreme X6xxx | 4 MB | LGA 775 | 75 W |
Kentsfield | Core 2 Extreme QX6xxx | 2×4 MB | LGA 775 | 130 W |
Penryn | Mobile Core 2 Extreme X9xxx | 6 MB | Socket P | 44 W |
Penryn-QC | Mobile Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx | 2×6 MB | Socket P | 45 W |
Yorkfield | Core 2 Extreme QX9xxx | 2×6 MB | LGA 775 / LGA 771 | 130–150 W |
1st generation
Nehalem microarchitecture
With the release of the Nehalem microarchitecture in November 2008,[26] Intel introduced a new naming scheme for its Core processors. There are three variants, Core i3, Core i5 and Core i7, but the names no longer correspond to specific technical features like the number of cores. Instead, the brand is now divided from low-level (i3), through mid-range (i5) to high-end performance (i7),[27] which correspond to three, four and five stars in Intel's Intel Processor Rating[28] following on from the entry-level Celeron (one star) and Pentium (two stars) processors.[29] Common features of all Nehalem based processors include an integrated DDR3 memory controller as well as QuickPath Interconnect or PCI Express and Direct Media Interface on the processor replacing the aging quad-pumped Front Side Bus used in all earlier Core processors. All these processors have 256 KB L2 cache per core, plus up to 12 MB shared L3 cache. Because of the new I/O interconnect, chipsets and mainboards from previous generations can no longer be used with Nehalem-based processors.
Core i3
Intel intended the Core i3 as the new low end of the performance processor line from Intel, following the retirement of the Core 2 brand.[30][31]
The first Core i3 processors were launched on January 7, 2010.[32]
The first Nehalem based Core i3 was Clarkdale-based, with an integrated GPU and two cores.[33] The same processor is also available as Core i5 and Pentium, with slightly different configurations.
The Core i3-3xxM processors are based on Arrandale, the mobile version of the Clarkdale desktop processor. They are similar to the Core i5-4xx series but running at lower clock speeds and without Turbo Boost.[34] According to an Intel FAQ they do not support Error Correction Code (ECC) memory.[35] According to motherboard manufacturer Supermicro, if a Core i3 processor is used with a server chipset platform such as Intel 3400/3420/3450, the CPU supports ECC with UDIMM.[36] When asked, Intel confirmed that, although the Intel 5 series chipset supports non-ECC memory only with the Core i5 or i3 processors, using those processors on a motherboard with 3400 series chipsets it supports the ECC function of ECC memory.[37] A limited number of motherboards by other companies also support ECC with Intel Core ix processors; the Asus P8B WS is an example, but it does not support ECC memory under Windows non-server operating systems.[38]
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clarkdale | Core i3 | 2 | 4 MB | LGA 1156 | 73 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
Arrandale | Core i3-3xxM | 3 MB | rPGA-988A | 35 W | ||
Core i3-3xxUM | 3 MB | BGA-1288 | 18 W |
Core i5
The first Core i5 using the Nehalem microarchitecture was introduced on September 8, 2009, as a mainstream variant of the earlier Core i7, the Lynnfield core.[39][40] Lynnfield Core i5 processors have an 8 MB L3 cache, a DMI bus running at 2.5 GT/s and support for dual-channel DDR3-800/1066/1333 memory and have Hyper-threading disabled. The same processors with different sets of features (Hyper-threading and other clock frequencies) enabled are sold as Core i7-8xx and Xeon 3400-series processors, which should not be confused with high-end Core i7-9xx and Xeon 3500-series processors based on Bloomfield. A new feature called Turbo Boost Technology was introduced which maximizes speed for demanding applications, dynamically accelerating performance to match the workload.
The Core i5-5xx mobile processors are named Arrandale and based on the 32 nm Westmere shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture. Arrandale processors have integrated graphics capability but only two processor cores. They were released in January 2010, together with Core i7-6xx and Core i3-3xx processors based on the same chip. The L3 cache in Core i5-5xx processors is reduced to 3 MB, while the Core i5-6xx uses the full cache and the Core i3-3xx does not support for Turbo Boost.[41] Clarkdale, the desktop version of Arrandale, is sold as Core i5-6xx, along with related Core i3 and Pentium brands. It has Hyper-Threading enabled and the full 4 MB L3 cache.[42]
According to Intel "Core i5 desktop processors and desktop boards typically do not support ECC memory",[43] but information on limited ECC support in the Core i3 section also applies to Core i5 and i7.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lynnfield | Core i5-7xx | 4 | 8 MB | LGA 1156 | 95 W | Direct Media Interface |
Core i5-7xxS | 82 W | |||||
Clarkdale | Core i5-6xx | 2 | 4 MB | 73–87 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | |
Arrandale | Core i5-5xxM | 3 MB | rPGA-988A | 35 W | ||
Core i5-4xxM | ||||||
Core i5-5xxUM | BGA-1288 | 18 W | ||||
Core i5-4xxUM[44] |
Core i7
Intel Core i7 as an Intel brand name applies to several families of desktop and laptop 64-bit x86-64 processors using the Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Broadwell, Skylake, and Kaby Lake microarchitectures. The Core i7 brand targets the business and high-end consumer markets for both desktop and laptop computers,[45] and is distinguished from the Core i3 (entry-level consumer), Core i5 (mainstream consumer), and Xeon (server and workstation) brands.
Intel introduced the Core i7 name with the Nehalem-based Bloomfield Quad-core processor in late 2008.[46][47][48][49] In 2009 new Core i7 models based on the Lynnfield (Nehalem-based) desktop quad-core processor and the Clarksfield (Nehalem-based) quad-core mobile were added,[50] and models based on the Arrandale dual-core mobile processor (also Nehalem-based) were added in January 2010. The first six-core processor in the Core lineup is the Nehalem-based Gulftown, which was launched on March 16, 2010. Both the regular Core i7 and the Extreme Edition are advertised as five stars in the Intel Processor Rating.
In each of the first three microarchitecture generations of the brand, Core i7 has family members using two distinct system-level architectures, and therefore two distinct sockets (for example, LGA 1156 and LGA 1366 with Nehalem). In each generation, the highest-performing Core i7 processors use the same socket and QPI-based architecture as the medium-end Xeon processors of that generation, while lower-performing Core i7 processors use the same socket and PCIe/DMI/FDI architecture as the Core i5.
"Core i7" is a successor to the Intel Core 2 brand.[51][52][53][54] Intel representatives stated that they intended the moniker Core i7 to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as Intel releases newer Nehalem-based products in the future.[55]
Code name | Brand name | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | Process | Busses | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulftown | Core i7-9xxX Extreme Edition | 6 | 12 MB | LGA 1366 | 130 W | 32 nm | QPI, 3 × DDR3 | Mar 2010 |
Core i7-970 | Jul 2010 | |||||||
Bloomfield | Core i7-9xx Extreme Edition | 4 | 8 MB | 45 nm | Nov 2008 | |||
Core i7-9xx (except Core i7-970/980) | ||||||||
Lynnfield | Core i7-8xx | LGA 1156 | 95 W | DMI, PCI-e, 2 × DDR3 | Sep 2009 | |||
Core i7-8xxS | 82 W | Jan 2010 | ||||||
Clarksfield | Core i7-9xxXM Extreme Edition | rPGA-988A | 55 W | Sep 2009 | ||||
Core i7-8xxQM | 45 W | |||||||
Core i7-7xxQM | 6 MB | |||||||
Arrandale | Core i7-6xxM | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W | 32 nm | DMI, PCI-e, FDI, 2 × DDR3 | Jan 2010 | |
Core i7-6xxLM | BGA-1288 | 25 W | ||||||
Core i7-6xxUM | 18 W |
2nd generation
Sandy Bridge microarchitecture
In early 2011, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named Sandy Bridge. This is the second generation of the Core processor microarchitecture. It kept all the existing brands from Nehalem, including Core i3/i5/i7, and introduced new model numbers. The initial set of Sandy Bridge processors includes dual- and quad-core variants, all of which use a single 32 nm die for both the CPU and integrated GPU cores, unlike the earlier microarchitectures. All Core i3/i5/i7 processors with the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture have a four-digit model number. With the mobile version, the thermal design power can no longer be determined from a one- or two-letter suffix but is encoded into the CPU number. Starting with Sandy Bridge, Intel no longer distinguishes the code names of the processor based on number of cores, socket or intended usage; they all use the same code name as the microarchitecture itself.
Ivy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 22 nm die shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based on tri-gate ("3D") transistors, introduced in April 2012.
Core i3
Released on January 20, 2011, the Core i3-2xxx line of desktop and mobile processors is a direct replacement of the 2010 "Clarkdale" Core i3-5xx and "Arrandale" Core i3-3xxM models, based on the new microarchitecture. While they require new sockets and chipsets, the user-visible features of the Core i3 are largely unchanged, including the lack of support for Turbo Boost and AES-NI. Unlike the Sandy Bridge-based Celeron and Pentium processors, the Core i3 line does support the new Advanced Vector Extensions. This particular processor is the entry-level processor of this new series of Intel processors.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i3-21xx | 2 | 3 MB | LGA 1155 | 65 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
Core i3-21xxT | 35 W | |||||
Sandy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i3-2xx0M | rPGA-988B BGA-1023 | ||||
Core i3-2xx7M | BGA-1023 | 17 W |
Core i5
In January 2011, Intel released new quad-core Core i5 processors based on the "Sandy Bridge" microarchitecture at CES 2011. New dual-core mobile processors and desktop processors arrived in February 2011.
The Core i5-2xxx line of desktop processors are mostly quad-core chips, with the exception of the dual-core Core i5-2390T, and include integrated graphics, combining the key features of the earlier Core i5-6xx and Core i5-7xx lines. The suffix after the four-digit model number designates unlocked multiplier (K), low-power (S) and ultra-low-power (T).
The desktop CPUs now all have four non-SMT cores (like the i5-750), with the exception of the i5-2390T. The DMI bus runs at 5 GT/s.
The mobile Core i5-2xxxM processors are all dual-core and hyper-threaded chips like the previous Core i5-5xxM series, and share most of the features with that product line.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i5-2xxx Core i5-2xxxK | 4 | 6 MB | LGA 1155 | 95 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
Core i5-2xxxS | 65 W | |||||
Core i5-25xxT | 45 W | |||||
Core i5-23xxT | 2 | 3 MB | 35 W | |||
Sandy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i5-2xxxM | rPGA-988B BGA-1023 | ||||
Core i5-2xx7M | BGA-1023 | 17 W | ||||
Core i7
The Core i7 brand was the high-end for Intel's desktop and mobile processors, until the announcement of the i9 in 2017. Its Sandy Bridge models feature the largest amount of L3 cache and the highest clock frequency. Most of these models are very similar to their smaller Core i5 siblings. The quad-core mobile Core i7-2xxxQM/XM processors follow the previous "Clarksfield" Core i7-xxxQM/XM processors, but now also include integrated graphics.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandy Bridge-E (Desktop) | Core i7-39xxX | 6 | 15 MB | LGA 2011 | 130 W | 32 nm | Direct Media Interface | November 2011 |
Core i7-39xxK | 12 MB | |||||||
Core i7-38xx | 4 | 10 MB | ||||||
Sandy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i7-2xxxK, i7-2xxx | 8 MB | LGA 1155 | 95 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | January 2011 | ||
Core i7-2xxxS | 65 W | |||||||
Sandy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i7-2xxxXM | rPGA-988B BGA-1023 | 55 W | |||||
Core i7-28xxQM | 45 W | |||||||
Core i7-2xxxQE, i7-26xxQM, i7-27xxQM | 6 MB | |||||||
Core i7-2xx0M | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W | February 2011 | ||||
Core i7-2xx9M | BGA-1023 | 25 W | ||||||
Core i7-2xx7M | 17 W | |||||||
3rd generation
Ivy Bridge microarchitecture
Ivy Bridge is the codename for a "third generation" line of processors based on the 22 nm manufacturing process developed by Intel. Mobile versions of the CPU were released on April 2012 following with desktop versions on September 2012.
Core i3
The Ivy Bridge-based Core-i3-3xxx line is a minor upgrade to 22 nm process technology and better graphics.
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ivy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i3-32xx | 2 | 3 MB | LGA 1155 | 55 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
Core i3-32xxT | 35 W | |||||
Ivy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i3-3xx0M | rPGA-988B BGA-1023 | ||||
Core i3-3xx7U | BGA-1023 | 17 W | ||||
Core i3-3xx9Y | 13 W |
Core i5
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | I/O Bus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ivy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i5-3xxx Core i5-3xxxK | 4 | 6 MB | LGA 1155 | 77 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
Core i5-3xxxS | 65 W | |||||
Core i5-35xxT | 45 W | |||||
Core i5-34xxT | 2 | 3 MB | 35 W | |||
Ivy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i5-3xx0M | rPGA-988B BGA-1023 | ||||
Core i5-3xx7U | BGA-1023 | 17 W | ||||
Core i5-3xx9Y | 13 W |
Core i7
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ivy Bridge-E (Desktop) | Core i7-4960X | 6 | 15 MB | LGA 2011 | 130 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface | September 2013 |
Core i7-4930K | 12 MB | |||||||
Core i7-4820K | 4 | 10 MB | ||||||
Ivy Bridge (Desktop) | Core i7-37xx, i7-37xxK | 8 MB | LGA 1155 | 77 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | April 2012 | ||
Core i7-37xxS | 65 W | |||||||
Core i7-37xxT | 45 W | |||||||
Ivy Bridge (Mobile) | Core i7-3xxxXM | 55 W | ||||||
Core i7-38xxQM | 45 W | |||||||
Core i7-36x0QM, i7-3xx0QE, i7-36x5QM, i7-3xx5QE, i7-37xxQM | 6 MB | |||||||
Core i7-3xx2QM, i7-3xx2QE | 35 W | |||||||
Core i7-3xxxM | 2 | 4 MB | ||||||
Core i7-3xxxLE | 25 W | |||||||
Core i7-3xx7U, i7-3xx7UE | 17 W | |||||||
Core i7-3xx9Y | 13 W | January 2013 | ||||||
4th generation
Haswell microarchitecture
Haswell is the fourth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was released in 2013.
Core i3
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haswell-DT (Desktop) | Core i3-43xx | 2 | 4 MB | HD 4600 | LGA 1150 | 54 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | September 2013 |
Core i3-43xxT, Core i3-4xxxTE | 35 W | ||||||||
Core i3-41xx | 3 MB | HD 4400 | 54 W | ||||||
Core i3-41xxT | 35 W | ||||||||
Haswell-MB (Mobile) | Core i3-4xx2E | HD 4600 | BGA 1364 | 25 W | |||||
Core i3-4xx0E | 37 W | ||||||||
Core i3-4xxxM | Socket G3 | ||||||||
Core i3-4xx8U | Iris 5100 | BGA 1168 | 28 W | June 2013 | |||||
Core i3-4xx0U, Core i3-4xx5U | HD 4400 | 15 W | |||||||
Core i3-4xxxY | HD 4200 | 11.5 W |
Core i5
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haswell-DT (Desktop) | Core i5-4xxx, i5-46xxK | 4 | 6 MB | HD 4600 | LGA 1150 | 84 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | June 2013 |
Core i5-4xxxS | 65 W | ||||||||
Core i5-46xxT | 45 W | ||||||||
Core i5-45xxT, Core i5-45xxTE | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W | ||||||
65 W | |||||||||
Haswell-H (MCP) | Core i5-4xxxR | 4 | 4 MB | Iris Pro 5200 | BGA 1364 | 65 W | |||
Haswell-MB (Mobile) | Core i5-4xxxH | 2 | 3 MB | HD 4600 | 47 W | September 2013 | |||
Core i5-4xx2E | 25 W | ||||||||
Core i5-4xx0E | 37 W | ||||||||
Core i5-4xxxM | Socket G3 | ||||||||
Core i5-4xx8U | Iris 5100 | BGA1168 | 28 W | June 2013 | |||||
Core i5-4x50U | HD 5000 | 15 W | |||||||
Core i5-4x00U | HD 4400 | ||||||||
Core i5-4xxxY | HD 4200 | 11.5 W |
Core i7
Codename (main article) | Brand name (list) | Cores | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haswell-E (Desktop)[56] | Core i7-5960X | 8 | 20 MB | N/A | LGA 2011-3 | 140 W | 22 nm | Direct Media Interface | September 2014 |
Core i7-5930K | 6 | 15 MB | |||||||
Core i7-5820K | |||||||||
Haswell-DT (Desktop) | Core i7-47xx, i7-47xxK | 4 | 8 MB | HD 4600 | LGA 1150 | 84 W | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | June 2013 | |
Core i7-47xxS | 65 W | ||||||||
Core i7-47x0T | 45 W | ||||||||
Core i7-47x5T | 35 W | ||||||||
Core i7-47xxR | 6 MB | Iris Pro 5200 | BGA 1364 | 65 W | |||||
Haswell-MB (Mobile) | Core i7-4x50HQ, Core i7-4x60HQ Core i7-4x50EQ, Core i7-4x60EQ | 47 W | |||||||
Core i7-47x2HQ, Core i7-47x2EQ Core i7-470xHQ, Core i7-470xEQ | HD 4600 | 37 W 47 W | |||||||
Core i7-47x2MQ Core i7-470xMQ | Socket G3 | 37 W 47 W | |||||||
Core i7-49xxMQ, Core i7-4xxxXM | 8 MB | 57 W | |||||||
Core i7-4xxxM | 2 | 4 MB | 35 W | September 2013 | |||||
Core i7-4xx8U | Iris 5100 | BGA 1168 | 28 W | June 2013 | |||||
Core i7-4x50U | HD 5000 | 15 W | |||||||
Core i7-4x00U | HD 4400 | ||||||||
Core i7-4xxxY | HD 4200 | 11.5 W |
5th generation
Broadwell microarchitecture
Broadwell is the fifth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was released by Intel on September 6, 2014, and began shipping in late 2014. It is the first to use a 14 nm chip.[57] Additionally, mobile processors were launched in January 2015[58] and Desktop Core i5 and i7 processors were released in June 2015.[59]
Desktop processor (DT-Series)
Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores (Threads) | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i7 | Core i7-5775C | 4 (8) | 6 MB | Iris 6200 | LGA 1150 | 65 W | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU |
June 2015 |
Core i7-5775R | |||||||||
Core i5 | Core i5-5675C | 4 (4) | 4 MB | ||||||
Core i5-5675R | |||||||||
Core i5-5575R |
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores (Threads) | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i7 | 5xx7U | 2 (4) | 4 MB | Iris 6100 | BGA 1168 | 28 W | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
January 2015 |
5x50U | HD 6000 | 15 W | |||||||
5x00U | HD 5500 | ||||||||
Core i5 | 5xx7U | 2 (2) | 3 MB | Iris 6100 | 28 W | ||||
5x50U | HD 6000 | 15 W | |||||||
5x00U | HD 5500 | ||||||||
Core i3 | 5xx7U | Iris 6100 | 28 W | ||||||
5xx5U | HD 5500 | 15 W | |||||||
5xx0U |
Mobile Processors (Y-Series)
Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores (Threads) |
L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core M | 5Yxx | 2 (2) | 4 MB | HD 5300 | BGA 1234 | 4.5 W | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU |
September 2014 |
High-end Desktop Processors (E-Series)
Processor branding | Model (list) | Cores (Threads) | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i7 | Core i7-6800K | 6 (12) | 15 MB | N/A | LGA 2011-3 | 140 W | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface | Q2'16 |
Core i7-6850K | |||||||||
Core i7-6900K | 8 (16) | 20 MB | |||||||
Core i7-6950X | 10 (20) | 25 MB |
6th generation
Skylake microarchitecture
Skylake is the sixth generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was launched in August 2015. Being the successor to the Broadwell line, it is a redesign using the same 14 nm manufacturing process technology; however the redesign has better CPU and GPU performance and reduced power consumption. Intel also disabled overclocking non -K processors.
Desktop processors (DT-Series)
Processor Branding | Model | Cores/Threads | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i7 | 6700K | 4/8 | 8 MB | HD 530 | LGA 1151 | 91 W | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU |
August 2015 |
6700 | 65 W | September 2015 | |||||||
6700T | 35 W | ||||||||
6785R | Iris Pro 580 | 65 W | May 2016 | ||||||
Core i5 | 6600K | 4/4 | 6 MB | HD 530 | 91 W | September 2015 | |||
6600 | 65 W | ||||||||
6500 | |||||||||
6400 | |||||||||
6402P | HD 510 | December 2015 | |||||||
6xx0R | HD 530 | 35 W | June 2016 | ||||||
6xx0T | September 2015 | ||||||||
Core i3 | 6320 | 2/4 | 4 MB | HD 530 | 51 W | ||||
6300 | |||||||||
6300T | 35 W | ||||||||
6100 | 3 MB | HD 530 | 51 W | ||||||
6100T | 35 W | ||||||||
6098P | HD 510 | 54 W | December 2015 |
Mobile processors (H-Series)
Processor Branding | Model | Cores/Threads | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i3 | 6100H | 2/4 | 3 MB | HD 530 | 35 W | FBGA 1356 | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU |
September 2015 |
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Processor Branding | Model | Cores/Threads | L3 Cache | GPU Model | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i7 | Core i7-6650U | 2/4 | 4 MB | Iris 540 | FBGA 1356 | 15 W | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU |
September 2015 |
Core i7-6600U | HD 520 | 25 W | |||||||
Core i7-6567U | Iris 550 | 28 W | |||||||
Core i7-6x60U | Iris 540 | 15 W | |||||||
Core i7-6x00U | HD 520 | ||||||||
Core i5 | 62x7U | Iris 550 | 28 W | ||||||
6360U | Iris 540 | 9.5 W | |||||||
6300U | HD 520 | 15 W | |||||||
6260U | Iris 540 | ||||||||
6200U | 3 MB | HD 520 | |||||||
Core i3 | 6167U | 3 MB | HD 550 | 28 W | |||||
6100U | HD 520 | 15 W | |||||||
High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)
Processor Branding | Model | Cores/Threads | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | Process | I/O Bus | Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i9 | 7980XE | 18/36 | ? | LGA 2066 | ? | 14 nm | Direct Media Interface,
Integrated GPU |
$1999 |
7960X | 16/32 | $1699 | ||||||
7940X | 14/28 | $1399 | ||||||
7920X | 12/24 | $1199 | ||||||
7900X | 10/20 | 13.75 MB | 140 W | $999 | ||||
Core i7 | 7820X | 8/16 | 11 MB | $599 | ||||
7800X | 6/12 | 8.25 MB | $389 | |||||
7th generation
Kaby Lake microarchitecture
Kaby Lake is the seventh generation Core processor microarchitecture, and was launched in October 2016 (mobile chips)[60] and January 2017 (desktop chips).[61] With the latest generation of microarchitecture, Intel decided to produce Kaby Lake processors without using their "tick–tock" manufacturing and design model.[62] Similar to Skylake, Kaby Lake processors are produced using a 14 nanometer manufacturing process technology.[62]
Features
Built on an improved 14 nm process (14FF+), Kaby Lake features faster CPU clock speeds and Turbo frequencies. Beyond these process and clock speed changes, little of the CPU architecture has changed from Skylake, resulting in identical IPC.
Kaby Lake features a new graphics architecture to improve performance in 3D graphics and 4K video playback. It adds native HDCP 2.2 support, along with fixed function decode of H.264, HEVC Main and Main10/10-bit, and VP9 10-bit and 8-bit video. Hardware encode is supported for H.264, HEVC Main10/10-bit, and VP9 8-bit video. VP9 10-bit encode is not supported in hardware. OpenCL 2.1 is now supported.
Kaby Lake is the first Core architecture to support hyper-threading for the Pentium-branded desktop CPU SKU. Kaby Lake also features the first overclocking-enabled i3-branded CPU.
Features common to desktop Kaby Lake CPUs:
- LGA 1151 socket
- DMI 3.0 and PCIe 3.0 interfaces
- Dual channel memory support in the following configurations: DDR3L-1600 1.35 V (32 GiB maximum) or DDR4-2400 1.2 V (64 GiB maximum)
- A total of 16 PCIe lanes
- The Core-branded processors support the AVX2 instruction set. The Celeron and Pentium-branded ones support only SSE4.1/4.2
- 350 MHz base graphics clock rate
- No L4 cache (eDRAM).
- A release date of January 3, 2017
Desktop processors (S-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores (threads) | CPU | CPU Turbo clock rate | GPU model | Maximum
GPU clock rate |
L3
cache |
TDP | Price (USD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core | Dual core | Quad core | |||||||||
Core i7 | 7700K | 4 (8) | 4.2 GHz | 4.5 GHz | 4.4 GHz | 4.4 GHz | HD 630 | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | 91 W | $350 |
7700 | 3.6 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 65 W | $312 | |||||
7700T | 2.9 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 35 W | ||||||
Core i5 | 7600K | 4 (4) | 3.8 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 6 MB | 91 W | $243 | ||
7600 | 3.5 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 65 W | $224 | |||||
7600T | 2.8 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 1100 MHz | 35 W | |||||
7500 | 3.4 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 65 W | $202 | |||||
7500T | 2.7 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 3.1 GHz | 35 W | ||||||
7400 | 3.0 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 1000 MHz | 65 W | $182 | ||||
7400T | 2.4 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 2.7 GHz | 35 W | $187 | |||||
Core i3 | 7350K | 2 (4) | 4.2 GHz | N/A | 1150 MHz | 4 MB | 60 W | $179 | |||
7320 | 4.1 GHz | 51 W | $157 | ||||||||
7300 | 4.0 GHz | $147 | |||||||||
7300T | 3.5 GHz | 1100 MHz | 35 W | ||||||||
7100 | 3.9 GHz | 3 MB | 51 W | $117 | |||||||
7100T | 3.4 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||
7101E | 3.9 GHz | 54 W | |||||||||
7101TE | 3.4 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||
Pentium | G4620 | 3.7 GHz | 51 W | $93 | |||||||
G4600 | 3.6 GHz | $82 | |||||||||
G4600T | 3.0 GHz | 1050 MHz | 35 W | $75 | |||||||
G4560 | 3.5 GHz | HD 610 | 54 W | $64 | |||||||
G4560T | 2.9 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||
Celeron | G3950 | 2 (2) | 3.0 GHz | 2 MB | 51 W | $52 | |||||
G3930 | 2.9 GHz | $42 | |||||||||
G3930T | 2.7 GHz | 1000 MHz | 35 W |
Mobile Processors (H-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores (threads) | CPU | CPU Turbo clock rate | GPU | GPU clock rate | L3
cache |
Max. PCIe lanes | TDP | cTDP | Release date | Price (USD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core | Dual core | Quad core | Base | Max. | Up | Down | ||||||||||
Xeon E3 | 1535M v6 | 4 (8) | 3.1 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 3.9 GHz | HD P630 | 350 MHz | 1100 MHz | 8 MB | 16 | 45 W | N/A | N/A | Q1 2017 | $623 |
1505M v6 | 3.0 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 3.6 GHz | $434 | |||||||||||
Core i7 | 7920HQ | 3.1 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 3.7 GHz | HD 630 | 350 MHz | 35 W | $568 | |||||||
7820HQ | 2.9 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 3.5 GHz | $378 | |||||||||||
7820HK | ||||||||||||||||
7700HQ | 2.8 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 6 MB | |||||||||||
Core i5 | 7440HQ | 4 (4) | 1000 MHz | $250 | ||||||||||||
7300HQ | 2.5 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 3.1 GHz | ||||||||||||
Core i3 | 7100H | 2 (4) | 3.0 GHz | N/A | 950 MHz | 3 MB | 35 W | N/A | $225 |
Mobile Processors (U-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | CPU Turbo clock rate | GPU | GPU clock rate | L3
cache |
L4
cache |
Max. PCIe lanes | TDP | cTDP | Release date | Price (USD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core | Dual core | Base | Max. | Up | Down | |||||||||||
Core i7 | 7660U | 2 (4) | 2.5 GHz | 4.0 GHz | ? | Iris Plus 640 | 300 MHz | 1100 MHz | 4 MB | 64 MB | 12 | 15 W | N/A | 9.5 W | Q1 2017 | ? |
7600U | 2.8 GHz | 3.9 GHz | HD 620 | 1150 MHz | N/A | 25 W | 7.5 W | $393 | ||||||||
7567U | 3.5 GHz | 4.0 GHz | Iris Plus 650 | 64 MB | 28 W | N/A | 23 W | ? | ||||||||
7560U | 2.4 GHz | 3.8 GHz | Iris Plus 640 | 1050 MHz | 15 W | 9.5 W | ||||||||||
7500U | 2.7 GHz | 3.5 GHz | HD 620 | N/A | 25 W | 7.5 W | Q3 2016 | $393 | ||||||||
Core i5 | 7360U | 2.3 GHz | 3.6 GHz | Iris Plus 640 | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | 64 MB | 12 | 15 W | N/A | 9.5 W | Q1 2017 | ? | |||
7300U | 2.6 GHz | 3.5 GHz | HD 620 | 1100 MHz | 3 MB | N/A | 12 | 15 W | 25 W | 7.5 W | $281 | |||||
7287U | 3.3 GHz | 3.7 GHz | Iris Plus 650 | 4 MB | 64 MB | 28 W | N/A | 23 W | ? | |||||||
7267U | 3.1 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 1050 MHz | |||||||||||||
7260U | 2.2 GHz | 3.4 GHz | Iris Plus 640 | 950 MHz | 15 W | 9.5 W | ||||||||||
7200U | 2.5 GHz | 3.1 GHz | HD 620 | 1000 MHz | 3 MB | N/A | 25 W | 7.5 W | Q3 2016 | $281 | ||||||
Core i3 | 7167U | 2.8 GHz | N/A | Iris Plus 650 | 1000 MHz | 3 MB | 64 MB | 12 | 28 W | N/A | 23 W | Q1 2017 | ? | |||
7100U | 2.4 GHz | HD 620 | N/A | 15 W | 7.5 W | Q3 2016 | $281 | |||||||||
Mobile Processors (Y-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | CPU Turbo clock rate | GPU | GPU clock rate | L3
cache |
Max. PCIe lanes | TDP | cTDP | Release date | Price (USD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core | Dual core | Base | Max. | Up | Down | ||||||||||
Core m7 | 7Y75 | 2 (4) | 1.3 GHz | 3.6 GHz | ? | HD 615 | 300 MHz | 1050 MHz | 4 MB | 10 | 4.5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | Q3 2016 | $393 |
Core m5 | 7Y57 | 1.2 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 950 MHz | Q1 2017 | $281 | |||||||||
7Y54 | 3.2 GHz | Q3 2016 | |||||||||||||
Core m3 | 7Y30 | 1.0 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 900 MHz | |||||||||||
7Y32 | 1.1 GHz | 3.0 GHz | Q2 2017 | ||||||||||||
Pentium Gold | 4415Y | 1.6 GHz | N/A | 850 MHz | 2 MB | 6 W | N/A | 4.5 W | Q2 2017 | $161 |
High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)
Kaby Lake-X processors are modified versions of Kaby Lake-S processors that fit into the LGA 2066 socket. However, they can't take advantage of the unique features of the platform.
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores (threads) | CPU | CPU Turbo clock rate | L3
cache |
TDP | Price (USD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core | Dual core | Quad core | |||||||
Core i7 | 7740X | 4 (8) | 4.3 GHz | 4.5 GHz | 4.4 GHz | 4.4 GHz | 8 MB | 112 W | $339 |
Core i5 | 7640X | 4 (4) | 4.0 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 6 MB | $242 |
Server processors (WS-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | CPU Turbo clock rate | GPU model | EUs | GPU clock rate | L3
cache |
TDP | Release date | Price (USD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core | Dual core | Quad core | Base | Max. | ||||||||||
Xeon E3 | 1280 v6 | 4 (8) | 3.9 GHz | 4.2 GHz | ? | ? | N/A | 8 MB | 72 W | Q1 2017 | $612 | |||
1275 v6 | 3.8 GHz | HD P630 | ? | 350 MHz | 1150 MHz | 73 W | $339 | |||||||
1270 v6 | N/A | 72 W | $328 | |||||||||||
1245 v6 | 3.7 GHz | 4.1 GHz | HD P630 | ? | 350 MHz | 1150 MHz | 73 W | $284 | ||||||
1240 v6 | N/A | 72 W | $272 | |||||||||||
1230 v6 | 3.5 GHz | 3.9 GHz | $250 | |||||||||||
1225 v6 | 4 (4) | 3.3 GHz | 3.7 GHz | HD P630 | ? | 350 MHz | 1150 MHz | 73 W | $213 | |||||
1220 v6 | 3.0 GHz | 3.5 GHz | N/A | 72 W | $193 | |||||||||
8th generation
Kaby Lake Refresh microarchitecture
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores (threads) |
CPU clock rate |
CPU Turbo clock rate | GPU | GPU clock rate | L3 cache |
L4 cache |
Max. PCIe lanes |
TDP | cTDP | Release date |
Price (USD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single core |
Dual core |
Quad core |
Base | Max. | Up | Down | |||||||||||
Core i7 | 8650U | 4 (8) | 1.9 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 3.9 GHz | UHD 620 | 300 MHz | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | N/A | 12 | 15 W | 25 W | 10 W | Q3 2017 | $409 | |
8550U | 1.8 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 3.7 GHz | ||||||||||||||
Core i5 | 8350U | 1.7 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 1100 MHz | 6 MB | $297 | |||||||||||
8250U | 1.6 GHz | 3.4 GHz |
Coffee Lake microarchitecture
Coffee Lake is the eighth generation Intel Core micro-architecture and was launched in October 2017. For the first time in the ten-year history of Intel Core processors, the Coffee Lake generation features an increase in core counts across the desktop lineup of processors, a significant driver of improved performance versus previous generations despite similar per-clock performance.
Kaby Lake (7th Generation) |
Coffee Lake (8th Generation) | |
---|---|---|
Cores / Threads | Cores / Threads | |
Core i3 | 2 / 4 | 4 / 4 |
Core i5 | 4 / 4 | 6 / 6 |
Core i7 | 4 / 8 | 6 / 12 |
* Intel Hyper-threading capabilities allow an enabled processor to execute two threads per physical core
Features
Coffee Lake features largely the same CPU core and performance per MHz as Skylake/Kaby Lake.[63][64] Features specific to Coffee Lake include:
- Following similar refinements to the 14 nm process in Skylake and Kaby Lake, Coffee Lake is the third 14 nm process refinement ("14nm++") and features increased transistor gate pitch for a lower current density and higher leakage transistors which allows higher peak power and higher frequency at the expense of die area and idle power.
- Coffee Lake will be used in conjunction with the 300-series chipset and is incompatible with the older 100- and 200-series chipsets.[65][66]
- Increased L3 cache in accordance to the number of cores
- Increased turbo clock speeds across i5 and i7 CPUs models (increased by up to 200 MHz)
- Increased iGPU clock speeds by 50 MHz
- DDR4 memory support updated for 2666 MHz (for i5 and i7 parts) and 2400 MHz (for i3 parts); DDR3 memory is no longer supported
Desktop processors (S-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Turbo clock rate[67] [GHz] | GPU | max GPU clock rate |
L3 cache |
TDP | Memory support |
Price (USD) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of cores used | |||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||
Core i7 | 8086K | 6 (12) | 4.0 GHz | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | UHD 630 | 1.20 GHz | 12 MB | 95 W | DDR4
2666 |
$425 | |
8700K | 3.7 GHz | 4.7 | $359 | ||||||||||||
8700 | 3.2 GHz | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 65 W | $303 | ||||||||
8700T | 2.4 GHz | 4.0 | 3.9 or 4.0 ? | 3.9 | 3.8 | 35 W | |||||||||
Core i5 | 8600K | 6 (6) | 3.6 GHz | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 1.15 GHz | 9 MB | 95 W | $257 | |||||
8600 | 3.1 GHz | 65 W | $213 | ||||||||||||
8600T | 2.3 GHz | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 35 W | ||||||||||
8500 | 3.0 GHz | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 1.10 GHz | 65 W | $192 | ||||||||
8500T | 2.1 GHz | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 35 W | |||||||||
8400 | 2.8 GHz | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 1.05 GHz | 65 W | $182 | ||||||||
8400T | 1.7 GHz | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 35 W | |||||||||
Core i3 | 8350K | 4 (4) | 4.0 GHz | N/A | 1.15 GHz | 8 MB | 91 W | DDR4
2400 |
$168 | ||||||
8300 | 3.7 GHz | 62 W | $138 | ||||||||||||
8300T | 3.2 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||||||
8100 | 3.6 GHz | 1.10 GHz | 6 MB | 65 W | $117 | ||||||||||
8100T | 3.1 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||||||
Pentium
Gold |
G5600 | 2 (4) | 3.9 GHz | 4 MB | 54 W | $86 | |||||||||
G5500 | 3.8 GHz | $75 | |||||||||||||
G5500T | 3.2 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||||||
G5400 | 3.7 GHz | UHD 610 | 1.05 GHz | 54 W | $64 | ||||||||||
G5400T | 3.1 GHz | 35 W | |||||||||||||
Celeron | G4920 | 2 (2) | 3.2 GHz | 2 MB | 54 W | $52 | |||||||||
G4900 | 3.1 GHz | $42 | |||||||||||||
G4900T | 2.9 GHz | 35 W |
* Processors Core i3-8100 and Core i3-8350K with stepping B0 actually belong to "Kaby Lake-S" family
Mobile processors (H-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | Max. Turbo
clock rate |
GPU | GPU clock rate | L3
cache |
TDP | cTDP | Price
(USD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | Max. | Down | Up | |||||||||
Xeon E | 2186M | 6 (12) | 2.9 GHz | 4.8 GHz | UHD P630 | 350 MHz | 1.20 GHz | 12 MB | 45 W | 35 W | N/A | $623 |
2176M | 2.7 GHz | 4.4 GHz | $450 | |||||||||
Core i7 | 8850H | 2.6 GHz | 4.3 GHz | UHD 630 | 1.15 GHz | 9 MB | $395 | |||||
8750H | 2.2 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 1.10 GHz | |||||||||
8700B | 3.2 GHz | 4.6 GHz | 1.20 GHz | 12 MB | 65 W | $303 | ||||||
Core i5 | 8500B | 6 (6) | 3.0 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 1.10 GHz | 9 MB | $192 | |||||
8400B | 2.8 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 1.05 GHz | $182 | ||||||||
8400H | 4 (8) | 2.5 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 1.10 GHz | 8 MB | 45 W | $250 | |||||
8300H | 2.3 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 1.00 GHz | $250 | ||||||||
Core i3 | 8100H | 4 (4) | 3.0 GHz | N/A | 6 MB | $225 |
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | Max. Turbo
clock rate |
GPU | GPU clock rate | L3
cache |
L4 cache
(eDRAM) |
TDP | cTDP | Price
(USD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | Max. | Down | Up | ||||||||||
Core i7 | 8559U | 4 (8) | 2.7 GHz | 4.5 GHz | Iris Plus 655 | 300 MHz | 1.20 GHz | 8 MB | 128 MB | 28 W | 20 W | N/A | $431 |
Core i5 | 8269U | 2.6 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 1.10 GHz | 6 MB | $320 | |||||||
2.3 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 1.05 GHz | N/A | ||||||||||
Core i3 | 8109U | 2 (4) | 3.0 GHz | 3.6 GHz | UHD 630 | 1.10 GHz | 4 MB |
Workstation processors (E-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores
(Threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Turbo clock rate[67] [GHz] | GPU | max GPU clock rate |
L3 cache |
TDP | Memory support |
Price (USD) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of cores used | |||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||
Xeon E | 2186G | 6 (12) | 3.8 GHz | 4.7 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | UHD P630 | 1.20 GHz | 12 MB | 95 W | DDR4
2666 ECC supported |
$450 |
2176G | 3.7 GHz | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 80 W | $362 | |||||||
2146G | 3.5 GHz | 4.5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 1.15 GHz | $311 | ||||||
2136 | 3.3 GHz | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | N/A | $284 | |||||||
2126G | 6 (6) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | UHD P630 | 1.15 GHz | $255 | ||||||
2174G | 4 (8) | 3.8 GHz | 4.7 | ? | ? | ? | N/A | 1.20 GHz | 8 MB | 71 W | $328 | ||||
2144G | 3.6 GHz | 4.5 | ? | ? | ? | 1.15 GHz | $272 | ||||||||
2134 | 3.5 GHz | ? | ? | ? | N/A | $250 | |||||||||
2124G | 4 (4) | 3.4 GHz | ? | ? | ? | UHD P630 | 1.15 GHz | $213 | |||||||
2124 | 3.3 GHz | 4.3 | ? | ? | ? | N/A | $193 |
Amber Lake microarchitecture
Amber Lake is a refinement over the low power Mobile Kaby Lake CPUs.
Mobile Processors (Y-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU clock rate | GPU | Max GPU
clock rate |
L3
cache |
TDP | cTDP | Price | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | Max turbo | Up | Down | ||||||||
Core i7 | 8510Y | 2 (4) | 1.8 GHz | 3.9 GHz | UHD 617 | 1050 MHz | 4 MB | 7 W | N/A | $393 | |
8500Y | 1.5 GHz | 4.2 GHz | UHD 615 | 5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | $393 | ||||
Core i5 | 8310Y | 1.6 GHz | 3.9 GHz | UHD 617 | 7 W | N/A | $281 | ||||
8210Y | 3.6 GHz | ||||||||||
8200Y | 1.3 GHz | 3.9 GHz | UHD 615 | 950 MHz | 5 W | 7 W | 3.5 W | $291 | |||
Core m3 | 8100Y | 1.1 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 900 MHz | 8 W | 4.5 W | $281 | ||||
Pentium Gold | 4425Y | 1.7 GHz | N/A | 850 MHz | 2 MB | 6 W | N/A | 4.5 W | $161 |
Whiskey Lake microarchitecture
Whiskey Lake is Intel's codename for the third 14 nm Skylake process-refinement, following Kaby Lake Refresh and Coffee Lake. Intel announced low power mobile Whiskey Lake CPUs availability on August 28, 2018.[68][69] It has not yet been advertised whether this CPU architecture contains hardware mitigations for Meltdown/Spectre class vulnerabilities—various sources contain conflicting information.[70][71][69][72] Unofficially it was announced that Whiskey Lake has hardware mitigations against Meltdown and L1TF while Spectre V2 requires software mitigations as well as microcode/firmware update.[73][74][75][76]
Architecture changes compared to Kaby Lake Refresh
- 14++ nm process, same as Coffee Lake
- Increased turbo clocks (300–600 MHz)
- 14 nm PCH
- Native USB 3.1 gen 2 support (10 Gbit/s)
- Integrated 802.11ac 160 MHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0
- Intel Optane Memory support
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | Turbo clock GHz
Num of cores |
GPU | Max GPU
clock rate |
L3
cache |
cTDP | Memory | Price | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 4 | Up | Down | |||||||||
Core i7 | 8665U | 4 (8) | 1.9 GHz | 4.8 | UHD 620 |
1150 MHz | 8 MB | 25 W | 10 W | DDR4-2400
LPDDR3-2133 |
$409 | ||
8565U | 1.8 GHz | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.1 | $409 | ||||||||
Core i5 | 8365U | 1.6 GHz | 4.1 | 1100 MHz | 6 MB | $297 | |||||||
8265U | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | $297 | |||||||||
Core i3 | 8145U | 2 (4) | 2.1 GHz | 3.9 | 3.7 | N/A | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | $281 | ||||
Pentium Gold | 5405U | 2.3 GHz | N/A | UHD 610 |
950 MHz | 2 MB | - | 12.5 W | DDR4-2133
LPDDR3-1866 |
$161 | |||
Celeron | 4205U | 2 (2) | 1.8 GHz | 900 MHz | $107 |
Cannon Lake microarchitecture
Cannon Lake (formerly Skymont) is Intel's codename for the 10-nanometer die shrink of the Kaby Lake microarchitecture. As a die shrink, Cannon Lake is a new process in Intel's "process–architecture–optimization" execution plan as the next step in semiconductor fabrication.[77] Cannon Lake are the first mainstream CPUs to include the AVX-512 instruction set. In comparison to the previous generation AVX2 (AVX-256), the new generation AVX-512 most notably provides double the width of data registers and double the number of registers. These enhancements would allow for twice the number of floating point operations per register due to the increased width in addition to doubling the overall number of registers, resulting in theoretical performance improvements of up to four times the performance of AVX2.[78][79]
At CES 2018, Intel announced that they had started shipping mobile Cannon Lake CPUs at the end of 2017 and that they would ramp up production in 2018.[80][81][82] No further details were disclosed.
Architecture changes compared to Coffee Lake
- AVX-512 instruction set extension
- Intel's first 10 nm process technology
9th generation
Skylake Refresh microarchitecture
High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)
The 9th generation Skylake CPUs are updated versions of previous Skylake X-Series CPUs with clockspeed improvements.
Processor Branding | Model | Cores/Threads | Base Clock | Single Core Turbo Clock | L3 Cache | TDP | Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i9 | 9980XE | 18/36 | 3.0 GHz | 4.5 GHz | 24.75 MB | 165 W | $1979 |
9960X | 16/32 | 3.1 GHz | 22 MB | $1684 | |||
9940X | 14/28 | 3.3 GHz | 19.25 MB | $1387 | |||
9920X | 12/24 | 3.5 GHz | $1189 | ||||
9900X | 10/20 | $989 | |||||
9820X | 3.3 GHz | 4.2 GHz | 16.5 MB | $889 | |||
Core i7 | 9800X | 8/16 | 3.8 GHz | 4.5 GHz | $589 | ||
Coffee Lake Refresh microarchitecture
Desktop processors (S-Series)
The 9th generation Coffee Lake CPUs were released in the fourth quarter of 2018. They include hardware mitigations against certain Meltdown/Spectre vulnerabilities.[85][86]
For the first time in Intel consumer CPU history, these CPUs support up to 128 GB RAM.[87]
8th Generation | 9th Generation | |
---|---|---|
Cores / Threads | Cores / Threads | |
Core i3 | 4 / 4 | 4 / 4 |
Core i5 | 6 / 6 | 6 / 6 |
Core i7 | 6 / 12 | 8 / 8 |
Core i9 | N/A | 8 / 16 |
* Intel Hyper-threading capabilities allow an enabled processor to execute two threads per physical core
Even though the F suffix CPUs lack an integrated GPU, Intel set the same price for these CPUs as their featureful counterparts.[88]
Processor branding |
Model | Cores
(Threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Turbo clock rate[89] [GHz] | GPU | max GPU clock rate |
L3 cache |
TDP | Memory
support |
Price (USD) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of cores used | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||||||||
Core i9 | 9900KS | 8 (16) | 4.0 GHz | 5.0 | UHD 630 | 1.20 GHz | 16 MB | 127 W * | DDR4
2666 |
$524 | |||||||
9900K | 3.6 GHz | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 95 W * | $488 | |||||||||||
9900KF | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
Core i7 | 9700K | 8 (8) | 3.6 GHz | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | UHD 630 | 1.20 GHz | 12 MB | 95 W | $374 | |||||
9700KF | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
Core i5 | 9600K | 6 (6) | 3.7 GHz | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | N/A | UHD 630 | 1.15 GHz | 9 MB | $262 | |||||
9600KF | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
9400 | 2.9 GHz | 4.1 | UHD 630 | 1.05 GHz | 65 W | $182 | |||||||||||
9400F | N/A | ||||||||||||||||
Core i3 | 9350KF | 4 (4) | 4.0 GHz | 4.6 | N/A | 8 MB | 91 W | DDR4
2400 |
$173 | ||||||||
9100F | 3.6 GHz | 4.2 | N/A | 6 MB | 65 W | DDR4
2400 |
$122 | ||||||||||
9100 | UHD 630 | 1.10 GHz |
* various reviews show that the Core i9 9900K CPU may consume over 140 W under load. The Core i9 9900KS may consume even more.[90][91][92][93]
Mobile processors (H-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores
(Threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Single Core Turbo clock rate [GHz] | GPU | Max GPU clock rate |
L3 cache |
TDP | Memory support |
Price (USD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i9 | 9980HK | 8 (16) | 2.4 GHz | 5.0 | HD 630 | 1.25 GHz | 16 MB | 45 W | DDR4-2666 | $583 |
9880H | 2.3 GHz | 4.8 | 1.20 GHz | $556 | ||||||
Core i7 | 9850H | 6 (12) | 2.6 GHz | 4.6 | 1.15 GHz | 12 MB | $395 | |||
9750H | 4.5 | |||||||||
Core i5 | 9400H | 4 (8) | 2.5 GHz | 4.3 | 1.10 GHz | 8 MB | $250 | |||
9300H | 2.4 GHz | 4.1 | 1.05 GHz |
10th generation
Cascade Lake microarchitecture
High-end Desktop processors (X-Series)
Cascade Lake X-Series CPUs are the 10th generation versions of the previous Skylake X-Series CPUs. They offer minor clockspeed improvements and a highly reduced price.
Processor Branding | Model | Cores/Threads | Base Clock | Single Core Turbo Clock | All Core Turbo Clock | L3 Cache | TDP | Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core i9 | 10980XE | 18/36 | 3.0 GHz | 4.8 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 24.75 MB | 165 W | $979 |
10940X | 14/28 | 3.3 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 19.25 MB | $784 | |||
10920X | 12/24 | 3.5 GHz | 4.3 GHz | $689 | ||||
10900X | 10/20 | 3.7 GHz | 4.7 GHz | $590 |
Ice Lake microarchitecture
Ice Lake is codename for Intel's 10th generation microarchitecture, representing an enhancement of the 'Architecture' of the preceding generation Kaby Lake/Cannon Lake processors (as specified in Intel's process–architecture–optimization execution plan). As the successor to Cannon Lake, Ice Lake uses Intel's newer 10 nm+ fabrication process.
Ice Lake will be the first Intel CPU to feature in-silicon mitigations for the hardware vulnerabilities discovered in 2017, Meltdown and Spectre. These side-channel attacks exploit branch prediction's use of speculative execution. These exploits may cause the CPU to reveal cached private information which the exploiting process is not intended to be able to access as a form of timing attack.
Features
CPU
- On average 18% increase in IPC in comparison to 2015 Skylake running at the same frequency and memory configuration[94][95]
- L1 instruction/data cache: 32 KB / 48 KiB; L2 cache: 512 KiB[69]
- Dynamic Tuning 2.0 which allows the CPU to stay at turbo frequencies for longer[96][97]
- Six new AVX-512 instruction subsets: VPOPCNTDQ, VBMI2, BITALG, VPCLMULQDQ, GFNI, and VAES
- AI tasks acceleration, Intel Deep Learning Boost[98][97]
GPU
- Gen 11 GPU with up to 64 execution units;[99][100] 4K@120 Hz, 5K, 8K display output[101]
- Variable Rate Shading[102][103]
- DisplayPort 1.4a with Display Stream Compression; HDMI 2.0b
- Up to 1.15 TFLOPS of computational performance
- Two HEVC 10-bit encode pipelines, either two 4K60 4:4:4 streams simultaneously or one 8K30 4:2:2[97]
Package
- 10 nm+ transistors
- New memory controller with DDR4 3200 and LPDDR4X 3733 support
- Integrated support for Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)
- Thunderbolt 3 support[104]
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores (threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Turbo clock GHz
Num of cores |
GPU | L3 cache |
TDP | cTDP | Price | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 4 | Series | EUs | Max clock rate |
Up | Down | |||||||
Core i7 | 1065G7 | 4 (8) | 1.3 GHz | 3.9 | 3.5 | Iris Plus | 64 | 1.1 GHz | 8 MiB | 15 W | 25 W | 12 W | $426 | |
Core i5 | 1035G7 | 1.2 GHz | 3.7 | 3.3 | 1.05 GHz | 6 MiB | 15 W | 25 W | 12 W | $320 | ||||
1035G4 | 1.1 GHz | 48 | $309 | |||||||||||
1035G1 | 1.0 GHz | 3.6 | UHD | 32 | 13 W | $297 | ||||||||
Core i3 | 1005G1 | 2 (4) | 1.2 GHz | 3.4 | UHD | 32 | 0.9 GHz | 4 MiB | 15 W | 25 W | 13 W | $281 |
Mobile processors (Y-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores (threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Turbo clock GHz
Num of cores |
GPU | L3 cache |
TDP | cTDP | Price | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 4 | Series | EUs | Max clock rate |
Up | Down | |||||||
Core i7 | 1060G7 | 4 (8) | 1.0 GHz | 3.8 | 3.4 | Iris Plus | 64 | 1.1 GHz | 8 MiB | 9 W | 12 W | |||
Core i5 | 1030G7 | 0.8 GHz | 3.5 | 3.2 | Iris Plus | 64 | 6 MiB | 9 W | 12 W | |||||
1030G4 | 0.7 GHz | 48 | ||||||||||||
Core i3 | 2 (4) | 1.1 GHz | 3.2 | Iris Plus | 48 | 0.9 GHz | 4 MiB | 9 W | 12 W | |||||
1000G1 | UHD | 32 |
Comet Lake microarchitecture
Comet Lake is Intel's codename for the fourth 14 nm Skylake process-refinement, following Whiskey Lake. Intel announced low power mobile Comet Lake CPUs availability on August 21, 2019.[105]
Architecture changes compared to Whiskey Lake
Desktop Processors (S-Series)
Processor branding |
Model | Cores
(Threads) |
Base CPU clock rate |
Turbo clock rate[89] [GHz] | GPU | TDP | Memory
support |
Price (USD) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of cores used | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||
Core i9 | 10900K | 10 (20) | 3.7 GHz | 5.3 | 5.2 | 4.9 | UHD 630 | 125 W | DDR4
2933 |
$488 | |||||||
10900KF | N/A | $472 | |||||||||||||||
10900 | 2.8 GHz | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.6 | UHD 630 | 65 W | $439 | ||||||||||
10900F | N/A | $422 | |||||||||||||||
Core i7 | 10700K | 8 (16) | 3.8 GHz | 5.1 | 4.7 | N/A | UHD 630 | 125 W | $374 | ||||||||
10700KF | N/A | $349 | |||||||||||||||
10700 | 2.9 GHz | 4.7 | 4.6 | UHD 630 | 65 W | $323 | |||||||||||
10700F | N/A | $298 | |||||||||||||||
Core i5 | 10600K | 6 (12) | 4.1 GHz | 4.8 | 4.5 | N/A | UHD 630 | 125 W | DDR4
2666 |
$262 | |||||||
10600KF | N/A | $237 | |||||||||||||||
10600 | 3.3 GHz | 4.4 | UHD 630 | 65 W | $213 | ||||||||||||
10500 | 3.1 GHz | 4.5 | 4.2 | $192 | |||||||||||||
10400 | 2.9 GHz | 4.3 | 4.0 | $182 | |||||||||||||
10400F | N/A | $157 | |||||||||||||||
Core i3 | 10320 | 4 (8) | 3.8 GHz | 4.6 | 4.4 | N/A | UHD 630 | $154 | |||||||||
10300 | 3.7 GHz | 4.4 | 4.2 | $143 | |||||||||||||
10100 | 3.6 GHz | 4.3 | 4.1 | $122 | |||||||||||||
Pentium Gold | G6600 | 2 (4) | 4.2 GHz | N/A | 58 W | $86 | |||||||||||
G6500 | 4.1 GHz | $75 | |||||||||||||||
G6400 | 4.0 GHz | UHD 610 | $64 | ||||||||||||||
Celeron | G5920 | 2 (2) | 3.5 GHz | $54 | |||||||||||||
G5900 | 3.4 GHz | $42 |
Mobile processors (H-Series)
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | Single Core Turbo clock GHz | GPU | Max GPU
clock rate |
L3 | TDP | cTDP | Memory | Price | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Up | Down | |||||||||||
Core i9 | 10980HK | 8 (16) | 2.4 GHz | 5.3 | UHD 620 |
N/A | 16 MB | 45 W | N/A | DDR4-2933 | $583 | |
Core i7 | 10875H | 2.3 GHz | 5.1 | $450 | ||||||||
10850H | 6 (12) | 2.7 GHz | 12 MB | $395 | ||||||||
10750H | 2.6 GHz | 5.0 | $395 | |||||||||
Core i5 | 10400H | 4 (8) | 4.6 | 8 MB | $250 | |||||||
10300H | 2.5 GHz | 4.5 | $250 |
Mobile processors (U-Series)
Pentium and Celeron CPUs lack AVX2 support.
Processor
branding |
Model | Cores
(threads) |
CPU | Turbo clock GHz
Num of cores |
GPU | Max GPU
clock rate |
L3 | TDP | cTDP | Memory | Price | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 4 | Up | Down | ||||||||||
Core i7 | 10710U | 6 (12) | 1.1 GHz | 4.7 | UHD 620 |
1150 MHz | 12 MiB | 15 W | 25 W | 12.5 W | LPDDR4x-2933 DDR4-2666 LPDDR3-2133 |
$443 | ||
10510U | 4 (8) | 1.8 GHz | 4.9 | 8 MiB | 10 W | $409 | ||||||||
Core i5 | 10210U | 1.6 GHz | 4.2 | 3.9 | 1100 MHz | 6 MiB | $297 | |||||||
Core i3 | 10110U | 2 (4) | 2.1 GHz | 4.1 | 3.7 | N/A | UHD
610 |
1000 MHz | 4 MiB | $281 | ||||
Pentium Gold | 6405U | 2.4 GHz | N/A | 950 MHz | 2 MiB | N/A | 12.5 W | DDR4-2400
LPDDR3-2133 |
$161 | |||||
Celeron | 5205U | 2 (2) | 1.9 GHz | 900 MHz | $107 |
Amber Lake Refresh microarchitecture
Mobile processors (Y-Series)
Branding | Model | Cores (threads) | CPU clock rate | Turbo Boost clock rate | GPU | Max GPU clock rate | L3 cache | TDP | cTDP | Memory | Price | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 core | 2 cores | 4 cores | Up | Down | ||||||||||
Core i7 | 10510Y | 4 (8) | 1.2 GHz | 4.5 GHz | 3.2 GHz | UHD Graphics 620 | 1150 MHz | 8 MB | 7 W | 9 W | 4.5 W | LPDDR3-2133 | US$403 | |
Core i5 | 10310Y | 1.1 GHz | 4.1 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 1050 MHz | 6 MB | 5.5 W | US$292 | ||||||
10210Y | 1.0 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 2.7 GHz | 4.5 W | ||||||||||
Core i3 | 10110Y | 2 (4) | 3.7 GHz | N/A | 1000 MHz | 4 MB | 5.5 W | US$287 |
See also
References
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to |
- Intel Core technical specifications at the Wayback Machine (archived August 9, 2007)
- CPU Database. TechPowerUp.
- Intel Core Duo (Yonah) Performance Preview – Part II vs AMD 64 X2 and Intel Pentium M. Anandtech.
- Intel Core i7-3960X CPU Performance Comparison.
- Intel Centrino Duo Mobile Technology papers. Intel.
- Intel Product Information, providing a list of various processor generations