Sandy Bridge

Sandy Bridge is the codename for the microarchitecture used in the "second generation" of the Intel Core processors (Core i7, i5, i3). The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture is the successor to Nehalem microarchitecture. Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor in 2009, and released first products based on the architecture in January 2011 under the Core brand.[2][3]

Sandy Bridge

General Info
Launched	January 9, 2011 (January 9, 2011)
Discontinued	September 27, 2013 [1]
Product code	80623 (desktop)
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	1.60 GHz to 3.60 GHz
Cache
L1 cache	64 KB per core
L2 cache	256 KB per core
L3 cache	1 MB to 8 MB shared 10 MB to 15 MB (Extreme) 3 MB to 20 MB (Xeon)
Architecture and classification
Architecture	Sandy Bridge x86
Instructions	MMX, AES-NI, CLMUL
Extensions	x86-64, Intel 64 SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2 AVX, TXT, VT-x, VT-d
Physical specifications
Transistors	504M to 2.27B 32nm
Cores	1–4 (4-6 Extreme, 2-8 Xeon)
GPU(s)	HD Graphics 650 MHz to 1100 MHz HD Graphics 2000 650 MHz to 1250 MHz HD Graphics 3000 650 MHz to 1350 MHz HD Graphics P3000 850 MHz to 1350 MHz
Socket(s)	LGA 1155 LGA 2011 Socket G2 BGA-1023 BGA-1224 BGA-1284
Products, models, variants
Model(s)	Celeron Series Pentium Series Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Series Xeon E3/E5 Series
History
Predecessor	Nehalem (Tock) Westmere (Tick)
Successor	Ivy Bridge (Tick) Haswell (Tock)

Bottom view of a Sandy Bridge i7-2600k

Top of a Sandy Bridge i5

Sandy Bridge is manufactured in the 32 nanometer process and has a soldered contact with the die and IHS (Integrated Heat Spreader), while Intel's subsequent generation Ivy Bridge (announced 2011) uses a 22 nanometer die shrink and a TIM (Thermal Interface Material) between the die and the IHS. This is known as the tick–tock model.[4]

It is the last Intel microarchitecture for which Windows Vista driver support officially exists.

Technology

Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor with A1 stepping at 2 GHz during the Intel Developer Forum in September 2009.[5]

Upgraded features from Nehalem include:

• Intel Turbo Boost 2.0[6][7][8]
• 32 KB data + 32 KB instruction L1 cache (4 clocks) and 256 KB L2 cache (11 clocks) per core[9]
• Shared L3 cache includes the processor graphics (LGA 1155).
• 64-byte cache line size
• Improved 3 integer ALU, 2 vector ALU and 2 AGU per core[10][11]
• Two load/store operations per CPU cycle for each memory channel
• Decoded micro-operation cache (uop cache),[12] and enlarged, optimized branch predictor
• Sandy Bridge retains the four branch predictors found in Nehalem: the branch target buffer (BTB), indirect branch target array, loop detector and renamed return stack buffer (RSB). Sandy Bridge has a single BTB that holds twice as many branch targets as the L1 and L2 BTBs in Nehalem.[13]
• Improved performance for transcendental mathematics, AES encryption (AES instruction set), and SHA-1 hashing
• 256-bit/cycle ring bus interconnect between cores, graphics, cache and System Agent Domain
• Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) 256-bit instruction set with wider vectors, new extensible syntax and rich functionality[14]
• Intel Quick Sync Video, hardware support for video encoding and decoding
• Up to eight physical cores or 16 logical cores through Hyper-threading
• Integration of the GMCH (integrated graphics and memory controller) and processor into a single die inside the processor package. In contrast, Sandy Bridge's predecessor, Clarkdale, has two separate dies (one for GMCH, one for processor) within the processor package. This tighter integration reduces memory latency even more.
• A 14- to 19-stage instruction pipeline, depending on the micro-operation cache hit or miss[15]

Translation lookaside buffer sizes[16][17]

Cache		Page Size
Name	Level	4 KB	2 MB	1 GB
DTLB	1st	64	32	4
ITLB	1st	128	8 / logical core	none
STLB	2nd	512	none	none

All translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) are 4-way associative.

Models and steppings

All Sandy Bridge processors with one, two, or four cores report the same CPUID model 0206A7h[18] and are closely related. The stepping number cannot be seen from the CPUID but only from the PCI configuration space. The later Sandy Bridge-E processors with up to eight cores and no graphics are using CPUIDs 0206D6h and 0206D7h.[19] Ivy Bridge CPUs all have CPUID 0306A9h to date, and are built in four different configurations differing in the number of cores, L3 cache and GPU execution units:

Die codename	CPUID	Stepping	Cores	GPU EUs	L3 cache	Sockets
Sandy Bridge-HE-4	0206A7h	D2	04	012	08 MB	LGA 1155, Socket G2, BGA-1023, BGA-1224
Sandy Bridge-H-2		J1	02		04 MB	LGA 1155, Socket G2, BGA-1023
Sandy Bridge-M-2		Q0		006	03 MB
Sandy Bridge-EP-8	0206D6h	C1	08	none	20 MB	LGA 2011
	0206D7h	C2
Sandy Bridge-EP-4	0206D6h	M0	04		10 MB	LGA 2011
	0206D7h	M1

Performance

• The average performance increase, according to IXBT Labs and Semi Accurate as well as many other benchmarking sites, at clock to clock is 11.3% compared to the Nehalem generation, which includes Bloomfield, Clarkdale, and Lynnfield processors.[20]
• Around twice the integrated graphics performance compared to Clarkdale's (12 EUs comparison).

List of Sandy Bridge processors

¹Processors featuring Intel's HD 3000 graphics are set in bold. Other processors feature HD 2000 graphics, HD graphics (Pentium and Celeron models) or no graphics core (Graphics Clock rate indicated by N/A).

• This list may not contain all the Sandy Bridge processors released by Intel. A more complete listing can be found on Intel's website.

Desktop platform

[21] [22] [23]

Target segment	Processor branding and model		Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate		Graphics clock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release date (Y-M-D)	Price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo					Socket	Interface	Memory
Extreme / High-End	Core i7 Extreme	3970X	6 (12)	3.5 GHz	4.0 GHz	N/A		15 MB	150 W	2012-11-12	$999	LGA 2011	DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0[24]	Up to quad channel DDR3-1600[25]
		3960X		3.3 GHz	3.9 GHz				130 W	2011-11-14
	Core i7	3930K		3.2 GHz	3.8 GHz			12 MB			$583
		3820	4 (8)	3.6 GHz				10 MB		2012-02-13[26]	$294
Performance		2700K		3.5 GHz	3.9 GHz	850 MHz	1350 MHz	8 MB	95 W	2011-10-24	$332	LGA 1155	DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0	Up to dual channel DDR3-1333
		2600K		3.4 GHz	3.8 GHz					2011-01-09	$317
		2600									$294
		2600S		2.8 GHz					65 W		$306
	Core i5	2550K	4 (4)	3.4 GHz		N/A		6 MB	95 W	2012-01-30	$225
		2500K		3.3 GHz	3.7 GHz	850 MHz	1100 MHz			2011-01-09	$216
		2500									$205
		2500S		2.7 GHz					65 W		$216
		2500T		2.3 GHz	3.3 GHz	650 MHz	1250 MHz		45 W
		2450P		3.2 GHz	3.5 GHz	N/A			95 W	2012-01-30	$195
		2400		3.1 GHz	3.4 GHz	850 MHz	1100 MHz			2011-01-09	$184
		2405S		2.5 GHz	3.3 GHz				65 W	2011-05-22	$205
		2400S								2011-01-09	$195
		2380P		3.1 GHz	3.4 GHz	N/A			95 W	2012-01-30	$177
		2320		3.0 GHz	3.3 GHz	850 MHz	1100 MHz			2011-09-04
		2310		2.9 GHz	3.2 GHz					2011-05-22
		2300		2.8 GHz	3.1 GHz					2011-01-09
Mainstream		2390T	2 (4)	2.7 GHz	3.5 GHz	650 MHz		3 MB	35 W	2011-02-20	$195
	Core i3	2120T		2.6 GHz	N/A					2011-09-04	$127
		2100T		2.5 GHz						2011-02-20
		2115C		2.0 GHz		N/A			25 W	2012-05	$241	BGA 1284
		2130		3.4 GHz		850 MHz	1100 MHz		65 W	2011-09-04	$138	LGA 1155
		2125		3.3 GHz							$134
		2120								2011-02-20	$138
		2105		3.1 GHz						2011-05-22	$134
		2102								Q2 2011	$127
		2100								2011-02-20	$117
	Pentium	G870	2 (2)							2012-06-03	$86
		G860		3.0 GHz						2011-09-04
		G860T		2.6 GHz		650 MHz			35 W	2012-06-03	$75
		G850		2.9 GHz		850 MHz			65 W	2011-05-24	$86
		G840		2.8 GHz							$75
		G645		2.9 GHz						09-03-2012	$64			Up to dual channel DDR3-1066
		G640		2.8 GHz						06-03-2012
		G632		2.7 GHz						Q3 2011
		G630								2011-09-04	$75
		G622		2.6 GHz						Q2 2011
		G620								2011-05-24	$64
		G645T		2.5 GHz		650 MHz			35 W	09-03-2012
		G640T		2.4 GHz						06-03-2012
		G630T		2.3 GHz						2011-09-04	$70
		G620T		2.2 GHz						2011-05-24
	Celeron	G555		2.7 GHz		850 MHz	1000 MHz	2 MB	65 W	2012-09-02	$52
		G550		2.6 GHz						2012-06-03
		G540		2.5 GHz						2011-09-04
		G530		2.4 GHz							$42
		G550T		2.2 GHz		650 MHz			35 W	2012-09-02
		G540T		2.1 GHz						2012-06-03
		G530T		2.0 GHz						2011-09-04	$47
		G470	1 (2)					1.5 MB		2013-06-09	$37			Up to dual channel DDR3-1333
		G465		1.9 GHz						2012-09-02				Up to dual channel DDR3-1066
		G460		1.8 GHz						2011-12-11
		G440	1 (1)	1.6 GHz				1 MB		2011-09-04

Suffixes to denote:

• K – Unlocked (adjustable CPU ratio up to 57 bins)
• P – Versions clocked slightly higher than similar models, but with onboard-graphics deactivated.
• S – Performance-optimized lifestyle (low power with 65W TDP)
• T – Power-optimized lifestyle (ultra low power with 35-45W TDP)
• X – Extreme performance (adjustable CPU ratio with no ratio limit)

NOTE: 3970X, 3960X, 3930K, and 3820 are actually of Sandy Bridge-E edition.

Server platform

Target segment	Socket	Processor branding and model		Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate		Graphics clock rate		L3 Cache	Interface	Supported memory	TDP	Release date	Price (USD)
					Standard	Turbo	Normal	Turbo
4P Server	LGA 2011	Xeon E5	4650	8 (16)	2.7 GHz	3.3 GHz	N/A		20 MB	2× QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	4x DDR3-1600	130 W	2012-05-14	$3616
			4650L		2.6 GHz	3.1 GHz						115 W
			4640		2.4 GHz	2.8 GHz						95 W		$2725
			4620		2.2 GHz	2.6 GHz			16 MB		4x DDR3-1333			$1611
			4617	6 (6)	2.9 GHz	3.4 GHz			15 MB		4x DDR3-1600	130 W
			4610	6 (12)	2.4 GHz	2.9 GHz					4x DDR3-1333	95 W		$1219
			4607		2.2 GHz	N/A			12 MB		4x DDR3-1066			$885
			4603	4 (8)	2.0 GHz				10 MB					$551
2P Server			2687W	8 (16)	3.1 GHz	3.8 GHz			20 MB		4x DDR3-1600	150 W	2012-03-06	$1885
			2690		2.9 GHz							135 W		$2057
			2680		2.7 GHz	3.5 GHz						130 W		$1723
			2689		2.6 GHz	3.6 GHz						115 W		OEM
			2670			3.3 GHz								$1552
			2665		2.4 GHz	3.1 GHz								$1440
			2660		2.2 GHz	3.0 GHz						95 W		$1329
			2658		2.1 GHz	2.4 GHz								$1186
			2650		2.0 GHz	2.8 GHz								$1107
			2650L		1.8 GHz	2.3 GHz						70 W
			2648L			2.1 GHz								$1186
			2667	6 (12)	2.9 GHz	3.5 GHz			15 MB			130 W		$1552
			2640		2.5 GHz	3.0 GHz					4x DDR3-1333	95 W		$884
			2630		2.3 GHz	2.8 GHz								$612
			2620		2.0 GHz	2.5 GHz								$406
			2630L									60 W		$662
			2628L		1.8 GHz	N/A							?	OEM
			2643	4 (8)	3.3 GHz	3.5 GHz			10 MB		4x DDR3-1600	130 W	2012-03-06	$884
			2618L		1.8 GHz	N/A					4x DDR3-1066	50 W	?	OEM
			2609	4 (4)	2.4 GHz							80 W	2012-03-06	$246
			2603		1.8 GHz									$202
			2637	2 (4)	3.0 GHz	3.5 GHz			5 MB		4x DDR3-1600			$884
	LGA 1356		2470	8 (16)	2.3 GHz	3.1 GHz			20 MB	1× QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	3x DDR3-1600	95 W	2012-05-14	$1440
			2450		2.1 GHz	2.9 GHz								$1106
			2450L		1.8 GHz	2.3 GHz						70 W
			2448L			2.1 GHz								$1151
			2449L		1.4 GHz	1.8 GHz						50 W		OEM
			2440	6 (12)	2.4 GHz	2.9 GHz			15 MB		3x DDR3-1333	95 W		$834
			2430		2.2 GHz	2.7 GHz								$551
			2420		1.9 GHz	2.4 GHz								$388
			2430L		2.0 GHz	2.5 GHz						60 W		$662
			2428L		1.8 GHz	2.0 GHz								$628
			2418L	4 (8)	2.0 GHz	2.1 GHz			10 MB			50 W		$387
			2407	4 (4)	2.2 GHz	N/A					3x DDR3-1066	80 W		$250
			2403		1.8 GHz									$192
1P Server	LGA 2011		1660	6 (12)	3.3 GHz	3.9 GHz			15 MB	2× QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	Up to quad channel DDR3-1600	130 W	2012-03-06	$1080
			1650		3.2 GHz	3.8 GHz			12 MB					$583
			1620	4 (8)	3.6 GHz				10 MB					$294
			1607	4 (4)	3.0 GHz	N/A					Up to quad channel DDR3-1066			$244
			1603		2.8 GHz									$198
	LGA 1356		1428L	6 (12)	1.8 GHz	N/A			15 MB	1× QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	3x DDR3-1333	60 W	Q2 2012	$395
			1410	4 (8)	2.8 GHz	3.2 GHz			10 MB			80 W	2012-05-14
		Pentium	1407	2 (2)		N/A			5 MB		3x DDR3-1066
			1405		1.2 GHz	1.8 GHz						40 W	August 2012	$143
			1403		2.6 GHz	N/A						80 W	2012-05-14
	LGA 1155	Xeon E3	1290	4 (8)	3.6 GHz	4.0 GHz			8 MB	DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0	Up to dual channel DDR3-1333	95 W	2011-05-29	$885
			1280		3.5 GHz	3.9 GHz							2011-04-03	$612
			1275		3.4 GHz	3.8 GHz	850 MHz	1350 MHz						$339
			1270				N/A					80 W		$328
			1260L		2.4 GHz	3.3 GHz	650 MHz	1250 MHz				45 W		$294
			1245		3.3 GHz	3.7 GHz	850 MHz	1350 MHz				95 W		$262
			1240				N/A					80 W		$250
			1235		3.2 GHz	3.6 GHz	850 MHz	1350 MHz				95 W		$240
			1230				N/A					80 W		$215
			1225	4 (4)	3.1 GHz	3.4 GHz	850 MHz	1350 MHz	6 MB			95 W		$194
			1220				N/A		8 MB			80 W		$189
			1220L	2 (4)	2.2 GHz				3 MB			20 W
	BGA 1284		1125C	4 (8)	2.0 GHz	N/A			8 MB		Up to dual channel DDR3-1600	40 W	May 2012	$444
			1105C		1.0 GHz				6 MB			25 W		$333
	LGA 1155	Pentium	350	2 (4)	1.2 GHz				3 MB		Up to dual channel DDR3-1333	15 W	November 2011	$159

Mobile platform

• Core i5-2515E and Core i7-2715QE processors have support for ECC memory and PCI express port bifurcation.
• All mobile processors, except Celeron and Pentium, use Intel's Graphics subsystem HD 3000 (12 EUs).

Target segment	Processor branding and model		Cores / threads	CPU clock rate		Graphics clock rate		L3 cache	TDP	Release date	Price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo (1C/2C/4C)	Normal	Turbo					Interface	Socket
Extreme	Core i7 Extreme	2960XM	4 (8)	2.7 GHz	3.7/3.6/3.4 GHz	650 MHz	1300 MHz	8 MB	55 W	2011-09-04	$1096	*DMI 2.0 *Memory: Up to dual channel DDR3-1600 MHz *PCIe 2.0	Socket G2 / BGA-1224 (in embedded products)[27]
		2920XM		2.5 GHz	3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz					2011-01-05
Performance	Core i7	2860QM		2.5 GHz	3.6/3.5/3.3 GHz				45 W	2011-09-04	$568
		2820QM		2.3 GHz	3.4/3.3/3.1 GHz					2011-01-05
		2760QM		2.4 GHz	3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz			6 MB		2011-09-04	$378
		2720QM		2.2 GHz	3.3/3.2/3.0 GHz					2011-01-05
		2715QE		2.1 GHz	3.0/2.9/2.7 GHz		1200 MHz
		2710QE
		2675QM		2.2 GHz	3.1/3.0/2.8 GHz		1200 MHz			2011-10-02		*DMI 2.0 *Memory: Up to dual channel DDR3-1333 MHz *PCIe 2.0
		2670QM					1100 MHz
		2635QM		2.0 GHz	2.9/2.8/2.6 GHz		1200 MHz			2011-01-05
		2630QM					1100 MHz
Mainstream		2640M	2 (4)	2.8 GHz	3.5/3.3 GHz		1300 MHz	4 MB	35 W	2011-09-04	$346		Socket G2 / BGA-1023 (in embedded products)[27]
		2620M		2.7 GHz	3.4/3.2 GHz					2011-02-20
		2649M		2.3 GHz	3.2/2.9 GHz	500 MHz	1100 MHz		25 W
		2629M		2.1 GHz	3.0/2.7 GHz						$311
		2655LE		2.2 GHz	2.9/2.7 GHz	650 MHz	1000 MHz				$346
		2677M		1.8 GHz	2.9/2.6 GHz	350 MHz	1200 MHz		17 W	2011-06-20	$317
		2637M		1.7 GHz	2.8/2.5 GHz						$289
		2657M		1.6 GHz	2.7/2.4 GHz		1000 MHz			2011-02-20	$317
		2617M		1.5 GHz	2.6/2.3 GHz		950 MHz				$289
		2610UE			2.4/2.1 GHz		850 MHz				$317
	Core i5	2557M		1.7 GHz	2.7/2.4 GHz		1200 MHz	3 MB		2011-06-20	$250
		2537M		1.4 GHz	2.3/2.0 GHz		900 MHz			2011-02-20
		2467M		1.6 GHz	2.3/2.0 GHz		1150 MHz			2011-06-19
		2540M		2.6 GHz	3.3/3.1 GHz	650 MHz	1300 MHz		35 W	2011-06-20	$266
		2520M		2.5 GHz	3.2/3.0 GHz						$225
		2515E			3.1/2.8 GHz		1100 MHz				$266
		2510E
		2450M					1300 MHz			2012-01	$225
		2435M		2.4 GHz	3.0/2.7 GHz					2011-10-02	OEM
		2430M					1200 MHz				$225
		2410M		2.3 GHz	2.9/2.6 GHz					2011-06-20
	Core i3	2370M		2.4 GHz	N/A		1150 MHz			2012-01
		2350M		2.3 GHz						2011-10-02
		2348M								2013-01	OEM
		2330E		2.2 GHz			1050 MHz			2011-06-19	$225
		2330M					1100 MHz
		2328M								2012-09
		2312M		2.1 GHz						Q2 2011	OEM
		2310E					1050 MHz			2011-02-20
		2310M					1100 MHz
		2377M		1.5 GHz		350 MHz	1000 MHz		17 W	Q3 2012	$225
		2375M								2012-03
		2367M		1.4 GHz						2011-10-02	$250
		2365M								2012-09	$225
		2357M		1.3 GHz			950 MHz			2011-06-19	OEM
		2340UE					800 MHz				$250
	Pentium	B915C		1.5 GHz		N/A			15 W	2012-05	$138
		997	2 (2)	1.6 GHz		350 MHz	1000 MHz	2 MB	17 W	2012-09-30	$134
		987		1.5 GHz						Q3 2012
		977		1.4 GHz						2012-01
		967		1.3 GHz						2011-10-02
		957		1.2 GHz			800 MHz			2011-06-19
		B980		2.4 GHz		650 MHz	1150 MHz		35 W	2012-09	$125
		B970		2.3 GHz						2012-01
		B960		2.2 GHz			1100 MHz			2011-10-02	$134
		B950		2.1 GHz						2011-06-19
		B940		2.0 GHz
	Celeron	B840		1.9 GHz			1000 MHz			2011-09-04	$86
		B830		1.8 GHz			1050 MHz			2012-09-30
		B820[28]		1.7 GHz						2012-07-29
		B815[29]		1.6 GHz						2012-01
		B810E					1000 MHz			2011-06-19
		B810					950 MHz			2011-03-13
		B800		1.5 GHz			1000 MHz			2011-06-19	$80
		887				350 MHz			17 W	09-30-2012	$86
		877		1.4 GHz						2012-07-29
		867		1.3 GHz						January 2012	$134
		857		1.2 GHz						2011-07-03
		847		1.1 GHz			800 MHz			2011-06-19
		847E
		807	1 (2)	1.5 GHz			950 MHz	1.5 MB		2012-07-29	$70
		725C		1.3 GHz		N/A			10 W	2012-05	$74
		827E	1 (1)	1.4 GHz		350 MHz	800 MHz		17 W	2011-07-03	$107
		797					950 MHz			2012-01
787		1.3 GHz		2011-07-03
B730		1.8 GHz		650 MHz		1000 MHz	35 W		2012-07-29	$70
B720[30]		1.7 GHz							2012-01
B710		1.6 GHz							2011-06-19
807UE		1.0 GHz		350 MHz		800 MHz	1 MB	10 W	2011-11	$117

Suffixes to denote:

• M – Mobile processors
  • XM – Unlocked
  • QM – Quad-core
• E – Embedded mobile processors
  • QE – Quad-core
  • LE – Performance-optimized
  • UE – Power-optimized

Cougar Point chipset flaw

On 31 January 2011, Intel issued a recall on all 67-series motherboards due to a flaw in the Cougar Point Chipset.[31] A hardware problem exists, in which the chipset's SATA II ports may fail over time, causing failure of connection to SATA devices, though data is not at risk.[32] Intel claims that this problem will affect only 5% of users over 3 years; however, heavier I/O workloads can exacerbate the problem.

Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with the silicon fix. Shipping of these new chipsets started on 14 February 2011 and Intel estimated full recovery volume in April 2011.[33] Motherboard manufacturers (such as ASUS and Gigabyte Technology) and computer manufacturers (such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard) stopped selling products that involved the flawed chipset and offered support for affected customers. Options ranged from swapping for B3 motherboards to product refunds.[34][35]

Sandy Bridge processor sales were temporarily on hold, as one cannot use the CPU without a motherboard. However, processor release dates were not affected.[36] After two weeks, Intel continued shipping some chipsets, but manufacturers had to agree to a set of terms that will prevent customers from encountering the bug.[37]

Limitations

Overclocking

With Sandy Bridge, Intel has tied the speed of every bus (USB, SATA, PCI, PCI-E, CPU cores, Uncore, memory etc.) to a single internal clock generator issuing the basic 100 MHz Base Clock (BClk).[38] With CPUs being multiplier locked, the only way to overclock is to increase the BClk, which can be raised by only 5–7% without other hardware components failing. As a work around, Intel made available K/X-series processors, which feature unlocked multipliers; with a multiplier cap of 57 for Sandy Bridge.[39] For the Sandy Bridge-E platform, there is alternative method known as the BClk ratio overclock.[40]

During IDF (Intel Developer Forum) 2010, Intel demonstrated an unknown Sandy Bridge CPU running stably overclocked at 4.9 GHz on air cooling.[41][42]

Chipset

Non-K edition CPUs can overclock up to four bins from its turbo multiplier. Refer here for chipset support.

vPro remote-control

Main articles: Intel vPro and Intel Active Management Technology

Sandy and Ivy Bridge processors with vPro capability have security features that can remotely disable a PC or erase information from hard drives. This can be useful in the case of a lost or stolen PC. The commands can be received through 3G signals, Ethernet, or Internet connections. AES encryption acceleration will be available, which can be useful for video conferencing and VoIP applications.[43][44]

Intel Insider

Sandy and Ivy Bridge processors contain a DRM technology that some video streaming web sites rely on to restrict use of their content. Such web sites offer 1080p streaming to users with such CPUs and downgrade the quality for other users.[45]

Software development kit

With the introduction of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, Intel also introduced the Intel Data Plane Development Kit (Intel DPDK) to help developers of communications applications take advantage of the platform in packet processing applications, and network processors.[46]

Roadmap

Intel demonstrated the Haswell architecture in September 2011, released in 2013 as the successor to Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge with general availability in 2014.[47]

See also

• Accelerated Processing Unit
• List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

References

1. Shvets, Gennadiy (September 26, 2012). "Intel discontinues second-generation Core i5 and i7 CPUs". CPU World. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
2. "The Man Behind 'Sandy Bridge'". December 28, 2010. Archived from the original on December 2, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
3. Brooke Crothers (December 15, 2010). "CES: First Intel next-gen laptops will be quad core". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
4. "Intel 22nm 3-D Tri-Gate Transistor Technology". Newsroom.Intel.com. Intel. May 2, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
5. Anand Lal Shimpi (September 22, 2009). "IDF 2009 – Intel Shows off 22nm & 32nm, Sandy Bridge Demoed". AnandTech. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
6. http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc23/HC23.19.9-Desktop-CPUs/HC23.19.921.SandyBridge_Power_10-Rotem-Intel.pdf
7. Chris Angelini. "The System Agent And Turbo Boost 2.0". Tom's Hardware.
8. "Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0". Intel.
9. Lal Shimpi, Anand (October 12, 2011). "The Bulldozer Review: AMD FX-8150 Tested". Anandtech.
10. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture".
11. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture".
12. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". www.realworldtech.com.
13. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". RealWorldTech.com.
14. "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". RealWorldTech.com.
15. Anand Lal Shimpi (2012-10-05). "Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed". AnandTech. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
16. "Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual". Intel.com. Intel. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
17. "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual" (PDF). Intel.com. Intel. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
18. "Support for the Intel Core i5 Desktop Processor". Intel.com. Intel. 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
19. http://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/specification-update/core-i7-lga-2011-specification-update.pdf
20. Anand Lal Shimpi. "The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested". anandtech.com. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
21. "Intel's Sandy Bridge E-Series in Q4 2011". Tom's Hardware. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
22. "Additional Details on Sandy Bridge-E Processors, X79, and LGA2011". Anandtech. 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
23. "Products (Formerly Sandy Bridge)". Official product web site. Intel. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
24. "Intel® Core™ i7-3930K Processor (12M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Retrieved 29 March 2012.
25. Chris Angelini (September 12, 2011). "Intel Core i7-3960X (Sandy Bridge-E) And X79 Platform Preview". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
26. Fuad Abazovic (January 6, 2012). "Intel Core i7-3820 comes on February 13". Fudzilla. Archived from the original on January 8, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
27. "2nd Generation Intel® Core™ i7 Processors". Ark.intel.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
28. "Intel Mobile Celeron B820 - FF8062700848602". Cpu-world.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
29. "Intel Mobile Celeron B815 - FF8062701159901". Cpu-world.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
30. "Intel Mobile Celeron B720 - FF8062701084101". Cpu-world.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
31. محمد رضا پناهی (8 February 2011). "Sandy Bridge، راه حل‌ها، بازار ایران". سخت افزار: مشاوره و بررسی گجت های دیجیتال. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
32. "Intel Identifies Cougar Point Chipset Error, Halts Shipments". Tom's Hardware.
33. "Intel Identifies Chipset Design Error, Implementing Solution" (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 31, 2011.
34. "Intel chip bug affects HP, Dell, Samsung and Lenovo". BBC News. 2011-02-03.
35. "HP to offer refund for PCs with flawed Intel chip". Reuters. 2011-02-02.
36. "Intel to Ship Dual-core Sandy Bridge Chips on Feb. 20". PCWorld. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
37. "Intel to continue shipping flawed Sandy Bridge chipsets". Expert Reviews. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
38. Intel to limit Sandy Bridge Overclocking, Bit-Tech, July 22, 2010
39. Anand Lal Shimpi (September 14, 2010). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Architecture Exposed". AnandTech. p. 8. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
40. "Intel Core i7-3820 Extreme Edition CPU | Intel, Core i7-3820, CPU, Extreme Edition, Desktop, Processor, BX80619i73820, Benchmarks, Performance, Tests, Hank Tolman, Intel Core i7-3820 CPU Extreme Edition Desktop Processor BX80619i73820 Benchmark Performance Tests by Hank Tolman". Benchmarkreviews.com. 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
41. YouTube. youtube.com. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
42. "IDF Intel 2010: Intel Overclocks Sandy Bridge CPU to 4.9 GHz, outpaces 12-core AMD Opteron". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 2010-09-21.
43. Hachman, Mark (2010-09-14). "Intel's 'Sandy Bridge' Chip to Include vPro Business Features". PC Magazine.
44. "Intel® vPro™ Technology". Intel.
45. "Intel® Insider™". Intel.
46. Rick Merritt, Intel targets data plane with comms Soc, EE Times, February 2012
47. Crothers, Brooke (September 14, 2011). "Haswell chip completes Ultrabook 'revolution'". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved November 11, 2011.

External links

• Official Intel homepages for:
  • Sandy Bridge
  • Sandy Bridge-E
  • Sandy Bridge-EN
  • Sandy Bridge-EP
• Intel's AVX page (Fetched Oct 9, 2012)
• Marco Chiappetta (January 2, 2011). "Intel Core i7-2600K and i5-2500K Processors Debut". HotHardware.com. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
• David Kanter (September 25, 2010). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". realworldtech.com. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
• David Kanter (August 8, 2011). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Graphics Architecture". realworldtech.com. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
• Gabriel Torres (December 30, 2010). "Inside the Intel Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture". hardwaresecrets.com. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
• Andrew Van Til (January 3, 2011). "Intel Sandy Bridge: Core i5-2500K and DH67BL Motherboard". www.missingremote.com. Retrieved January 3, 2011.
• Oded Lempel (July 28, 2013). "2nd Generation Intel Core Processor Family: Intel Core i7, i5 and i3" (PDF). www.hotchips.org. Retrieved January 21, 2014.