Indonesian nationality law

The Indonesian nationality law is a law regulating about who an Indonesian citizen is, the requirements and how to obtain Indonesian citizenship, the loss of Indonesian citizenship, the requirements and how to re-obtain Indonesian citizenship, and the penal provision. The nationality law is stated in Constitution of Indonesia.

Indonesian Citizenship Act
Parliament of Indonesia
Enacted byGovernment of Indonesia
Passed29 July 1958
Enacted1 August 1958
Passed12 July 2006
Enacted1 August 2006
Status: Current legislation

The Indonesian nationality law is based on jus sanguinis and jus soli. The latest law regulating Indonesian nationality is Law No. 12/2006 (UU No. 12 Tahun 2006). This law revokes Law No. 62/1958 (UU No. 62 Tahun 1958).

Generally, Indonesian citizens are those natural Indonesian people and those of other nationalities that are endorsed by the law as Indonesian citizens. The Indonesian nationality law does not recognize dual citizenship except for persons under the age of 18. By that age those who have not chosen their citizenship have to acquire an affidavit (Indonesian: Paspor WNI Ganda Terbatas, Limited Dual Indonesian Citizen Passport) in order to retain both citizenship. After reaching the age of 21, they must choose one citizenship.[1][2]

Historically, Indonesia has previously permitted dual nationality, as evidence by the Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty that lasted from 1960 to 1980.

The Indonesian government announced on 13 February 2020 that all nationals who have joined the terrorist group ISIL automatically lose their Indonesian citizenship the instant they joined, leaving them stateless as Indonesia does not recognize dual nationality apart from the above circumstances. Indonesia also refuses to repatriate ISIL fighters captured in Syria as their citizenship is now revoked.[3]

Indonesian citizen

An Indonesian citizen is:

  • one who before the enactment of this law was already an Indonesian citizen
  • a child from a legal marriage whose parents are Indonesian citizens
  • a child from a legal marriage whose father is an Indonesian citizen and mother is a foreign citizen
  • a child from a legal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian citizen and father is a foreign citizen
  • a child from a legal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian citizen and father is stateless or whose nationality law does not give citizenship to offspring
  • a child from a legal marriage born within 300 days after the father's death and the father was an Indonesian citizen at the time of death
  • a child from an illegal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian citizen
  • a child from an illegal marriage whose mother is a foreign citizen but the father is an Indonesian citizen and recognizes the child as his child before the child turns 18 or is married
  • a child born in Indonesian territory whose parent's citizenship status is unknown
  • a newly born child found in Indonesian territory as long as the father and mother are unknown
  • a child born in Indonesian territory if the parents are stateless or cannot be found
  • a child born outside of Indonesian territory whose parents are Indonesian citizens and, because of the law where the child was born, the child was granted another citizenship
  • a child from whose father or mother was already granted Indonesian citizenship but died before taking an oath of allegiance

Obtaining Indonesian citizenship

A foreign citizen can apply to become an Indonesian citizen with the following requirements:

  • being the age of 18 years or older, or being married
  • when applying, having resided in Indonesia for a minimum of 5 consecutive years or 10 non consecutive years
  • physically and mentally healthy
  • can speak the Indonesian language and acknowledge the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia
  • never convicted of a crime for which the punishment is imprisonment for one year or more
  • if having Indonesian citizenship will not give the person dual citizenship
  • employed or have fixed income
  • pay the citizenship fee

Any application for citizenship is granted by the President of Indonesia.

Losing Indonesian citizenship

This could happen if:

  • a person over the age of 18 obtains another citizenship by his/her own will
  • a person does not reject or release another citizenship even he/she has the opportunity to do so
  • A person renounces Indonesian citizenship to the President of Indonesia on his/her own will with the provision that he/she is already 18 years old or married, is staying in a foreign country, and is not stateless if he/she loses Indonesian citizenship
  • a person joins a foreign military without the President's permission
  • a person joins a terrorist group such as ISIL, unlike all other reasons, if this happens he/she is automatically made stateless, is permanently banned from re-entering Indonesia and permanently banned from reapplying for Indonesia citizenship
  • a person voluntarily taking another country's oath of allegiance
  • a person has a valid passport or other passport-like documents from a foreign country as proof of citizenship
  • staying outside Indonesian territory for 5 consecutive years, not stating the will to stay as Indonesian citizen before the 5-year period is over, and not reporting every 5 years to a representative of the Indonesian government

Travel freedom
Main article: Visa requirements for Indonesian citizens
Visa requirements for Indonesian citizens

In 2018, Indonesian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 70 countries and territories, ranking the Indonesian passport 69th in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index.

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See also

References
  1. "Affidavit & Paspor WNI Ganda Terbatas" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  2. Rizky Sekar Afrisia (15 August 2016). "Affidavit, Dokumen WN Ganda 'Penyelamat' Cinta Laura". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 April 2020. ...Status itu bisa dipegang sampai anak berusia minimal 18 tahun atau maksimal 21 tahun. Dengan affidavit, anak pemegang paspor asing boleh masuk Indonesia tanpa wajib mengurus visa....
  3. Marchio Irfan Gorbiano; Kusumasari Ayuningtyas (13 February 2020). "Government declares Indonesian IS fighters in Syria stateless". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
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