Ichthyosauromorpha

The Ichthyosauromorpha are an extinct clade of marine reptiles consisting of the Ichthyosauriformes and the Hupehsuchia, living during the Mesozoic.

Ichthyosauromorpha
Temporal range:
Early Triassic - Late Cretaceous, 251.3–90 Ma
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Neodiapsida
Clade: †Ichthyosauromorpha
Motani et al., 2014
Subgroups

The node clade Ichthyosauromorpha was first defined by Ryosuke Motani et. al. in 2014 as the group consisting of the last common ancestor of Ichthyosaurus communis and Hupehsuchus nanchangensis, and all its descendants. Their synapomorphies, unique derived traits, include: the presence of an anterior flange on the humerus and radius; the lower end of the ulna being as wide as or wider than the upper end, the forelimb being as long as or longer than the hindlimb, the hand having at least three quarters of the length of the upper arm and lower arm combined, the fibula extending behind the level of the thighbone, and the transverse process of the vertebral neural arch being reduced or absent.[1]

The Ichthyosauromorpha probably originated in China during the upper Lower Triassic period, about 248 million years ago. One branch consisted of the Hupehsuchia, and the other of the Ichthyosauriformes, of which Cartorhynchus was a basal member. Other ichthyosauriforms were the Ichthyopterygia, containing the Ichthyosauria and allies. The last ichthyosaurs probably became extinct in the middle Cretaceous.

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

The internal phylogenetic structure of the Ichthyosauromorpha is shown by this cladogram:

Ichthyosauromorpha 
 

Hupehsuchia

 
 Ichthyosauriformes 
 

Nasorostra

 
 

Ichthyopterygia

 
 
 
gollark: Of course, if I didn't have infinite computing power, I think I would do it accursedly by approximating everything as cubes, ??? octrees, and using a regular knapsack solver to decide what to attempt to 3D-pack.
gollark: All of it.
gollark: BRB, brute-forcing all possible object locations.
gollark: Which is famously NP-hard.
gollark: Oh no. This is literally WORSE than the knapsack problem.

References
  1. Motani; et al. (2014). "A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China". Nature. 517 (7535): 485–488. doi:10.1038/nature13866. PMID 25383536.
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