Holbeach

Holbeach is a fenland market town in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) from Spalding; 17 miles (27 km) from Boston; 20 miles (32 km) from King's Lynn; 23 miles (37 km) from Peterborough; and 43 miles (69 km) by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17. The main High Street is the B1515.

For the place where the 1605 Gunpowder plot was foiled, see Holbeche House.

Holbeach

Mosaic in Holbeach
Holbeach
Location within Lincolnshire
Population10,458 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceTF358248
• London85 mi (137 km) S
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSPALDING
Postcode districtPE12
Dialling code01406
PoliceLincolnshire
FireLincolnshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament

The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach and is marked with a millstone at Wignals Gate.[2]

History

A number of Roman and Romano-British pottery finds have been made in and about the town.[3]

The town's market charter was awarded in 1252 to Thomas de Moulton, a local baron. All Saints' Church was built in the 14th century and the porch, which was built around 1700, possibly incorporated parts of de Moulton's ruined castle.[4] The associated All Saints' Hospital, for a warden and fifteen poor persons, was founded by Sir John of Kirton, in 1351. It had ceased to exist before the suppression of chantries and hospitals. The antiquarian William Stukeley reported that his father removed the ruins from the site which is now occupied by the Chequers Inn.[5]

Until the beginning of the 17th century, the sea came to within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the town and there were severe floods recorded in the 13th and 16th centuries. The land drainage programmes that followed moved the coastline of the Wash to 9 miles (14 km) away, leaving Holbeach surrounded by more than 23,000 acres (93 km2) of reclaimed fertile agricultural land. In 1615, nominees of the Earl of Argyll were entitled to the land which was reclaimed from the sea in Wigtoft, Moulton, Whaplode, Holbeach and Tydd St Mary. The Earl paid for the work, but differences of opinion stalled the project after 1634.[6] Further enclosure of marshes were recorded in 1660, in Gedney, Whaplode, Holbeach and Moulton.[7] The work included the building of an embankment, and resulted in 9,798 acres (39.65 km2) being added to Holbeach parish. A second embankment was built under the provisions of the South Holland Embankment Act (1793) and added another 2,059 acres (8.33 km2). Following unsuccessful attempts in the 1830s, the rest of Holbeach Marsh was enclosed in 1840. The project was directed by Mr. Millington, and the total area added to the parish by all these enclosures was 12,390 acres (50.1 km2).[8]

The Spalding and Norwich Railway, (later incorporated in the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway), opened Holbeach railway station in 1862. Like the rest of the M&GN route, it closed to passengers in 1959 (before the Beeching Axe) and the line closed entirely in 1965.[9]

The 19th century also saw the building of several small churches, including a Wesleyan chapel, built on Chapel Street in 1808,[10] and a Baptist chapel, which was built on Albert Street in 1845 using red brick and colourwashed render.[11]

The Second World War defences constructed at nearby Lawyers Creek comprise a number of pillboxes including the rare Ruck machine gun post.[12]

Geography
All Saints' churchyard
Holbeach's colourful village sign

The name "Holbeach" also applies to the civil parish of Holbeach. The parish is one of the largest by area in England, and extends from Cambridgeshire to the Wash, measuring 16 miles (26 km) north to south, and about 4 miles (6.4 km) east to west. The total population of the parish is almost 24,000 with approximately 5,000 in Holbeach town. The town has the most inhabitants and services compared to the villages surrounding it which incorporate its name.

Along with the town of Holbeach proper, the name is found in a number of villages in the Lincolnshire Fens: Holbeach Bank, Holbeach Clough, Holbeach Drove, Holbeach Fen, Holbeach Hurn, Holbeach St Johns, Holbeach St Marks and Holbeach St Matthew. This repetition of a name for a collection of close-lying villages is not unknown in the Fens: Gedney, Tydd, and Walpole are other examples.

The drainage of land around Holbeach is now the responsibility of the South Holland Internal Drainage Board,[13] part of the Water Management Alliance, formerly known as the King’s Lynn Consortium of Internal Drainage Boards.

Economy

Much of the economy has been based on food processing and bulb growing. The United Kingdom's largest supplier of tulip and daffodil bulbs is situated to the north of the town and flour milling continues at Barrington Mill.[14]

Community

Local public houses are the Horse & Groom, the Mansion House on High Street, and the Crown Hotel on West Street. Previous public houses were the Station Inn (Demolished and replaced with houses), the Red Lion, the Chequers Hotel, the Exchange (now a residential property), The String of Horses (now a Polish Restaurant), The Ram (now a flower shop), The Bell Hotel (now Petite Street) and the Black Bull (now a fishing tackle shop).

The Royal Air Force maintains a bombing range, known officially as RAF Holbeach, on salt marshland at the coast of Holbeach parish, near the village of Gedney Drove End. The RAF station is situated approximately 11 miles (18 km) north-west of Holbeach town centre.

The town is served by the local South Holland radio station Tulip Radio from nearby Spalding.

Education

There are two primary schools in Holbeach – Holbeach Primary School and William Stukeley Church of England Primary School.

The local secondary school on Park Road was called the George Farmer Technology & Language College but, in September 2011, it became the University Academy Holbeach.

Holbeach is the base for a campus of the University of Lincoln, redeveloped in 2004 on the Park Road site of the former Holbeach Agricultural Centre and now known as the National Centre for Food Manufacturing. The campus specialises in food manufacturing technology.[15]

Sport

The local football club is Holbeach United, founded in 1929.[16] The team plays in the United Counties League, part of the English football league system, and are known as the Tigers in reference to 'Fen Tigers', 18th-century local people who fought against the destruction of their way of life through the draining of the Fens.

Speedway racing took place at nearby Bell End at Whaplode St Catherine.[17] Details of the events are sketchy and some reports suggest the venue had grass-surfaced straights and dirt-surfaced bends. The venue is known to have operated in the immediate post-war era but closed in 1948.

Notable people
Mansion House, the birthplace of Norman Angell
gollark: They don't use all wavelengths, and they don't use what they do use entirely efficiently.
gollark: The figure is 1.361kW/m² solar irradiance, which is just measured from satellites.
gollark: Also nonequatorial regions.
gollark: 1.4kW/m² *maximum* ignoring things like the atmosphere, night, solar panel efficiency, solar panels not using all radiation ever, and weather.
gollark: It's very bizarre, given that according to random internet stuff I looked at polygraphs do not actually work as intended.

References
  1. "Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  2. Greenwich Meridian
  3. "Archaeological Implications of the Reappraisal of Holbeach Conservation Area" (PDF). South Holland District Council. p. 1. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  4. Historic England. "Church of All Saints (1064486)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  5. Historic England. "Medieval hospital (353762)". PastScape. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  6. Darby 1956, p. 44.
  7. Darby 1956, p. 82.
  8. Wheeler 1896, pp. 123–124.
  9. Historic England. "Railway station (507021)". PastScape. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  10. "Holbeach Parish Plan" (PDF). 2008. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  11. Historic England. "Baptist Chapel, Albert Street (1308789)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  12. Foot 2006, pp. 150–155.
  13. "South Holland IDB web presence".
  14. "Smiths Flour Mills website". Archived from the original on 13 July 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  15. "College web site".
  16. "Holbeach United FC". Pitchero. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  17. "Holbeach Speedway". Defunct Speedway Tracks. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  18. "Sporting glory days remembered", This is Lincolnshire. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  19. Holbeach Parish Plan 2088. Communitylincs.com. Retrieved 24 October 2011

Further reading
  • Darby, H C (1956). The Draining of the Fens (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07430-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Foot, William (2006). Beaches, fields, streets, and hills ... the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940. Council for British Archaeology. ISBN 978-1-902771-53-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wheeler, William Henry (1896). A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire. British Museum Historical Reprint (2nd ed.). J M Newcombe. ISBN 978-1-241-32839-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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