Henry Armstrong
Henry Jackson Jr. (December 12, 1912 – October 24, 1988) was an American professional boxer and a world boxing champion who fought under the name Henry Armstrong.
Henry Armstrong | |
---|---|
Henry Armstrong in 1937 | |
Statistics | |
Real name | Henry Melody Jackson Jr. |
Nickname(s) | Homicide Hank Hurricane Hank Hammerin' Hank |
Weight(s) | Featherweight Lightweight Welterweight Middleweight |
Height | 5 ft 5 1⁄2 in (166 cm) |
Reach | 67 in (170 cm) |
Nationality | American |
Born | Columbus, Mississippi | December 12, 1912
Died | October 24, 1988 75) Los Angeles, California | (aged
Stance | Orthodox |
Boxing record | |
Total fights | 181 |
Wins | 151 |
Wins by KO | 101 |
Losses | 21 |
Draws | 9 |
Armstrong was one of the few fighters to win in three or more different divisions: featherweight, lightweight, and welterweight. He defended his welterweight title a total of nineteen times.
The Ring magazine named him Fighter of the Year in 1937. The Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA) named him Fighter of the Year in 1940. In 2007, The Ring ranked Armstrong as the second-greatest fighter of the last 80 years.[1] Historian Bert Sugar also ranked Armstrong as the second-greatest fighter of all time. ESPN ranked Armstrong as number 3 on their list of the 50 greatest boxers of all time.[2]
Early life
He was born Henry Jackson, Jr. on December 12, 1912, in Columbus, Mississippi. He was the son of Henry Jackson Sr., a sharecropper of African American, Irish, and Native American descent, and America Jackson, said to be a "full-blooded" Iroquois. As a child, Henry Jr. moved with his family to St. Louis, Missouri, during the early period of the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities of the Midwest and North. There he became involved in boxing. He graduated as an honor student from Vashon High School in St. Louis[3] Later he took the surname Armstrong as his fighting name.
Early career
Armstrong began his professional career on July 28, 1931, in a fight with Al Iovino, in which Armstrong was knocked out in three rounds. His first win came later that year, beating Sammy Burns by a decision in six. In 1932, Armstrong moved to Los Angeles, where he lost two four-round decisions in a row to Eddie Trujillo and Al Greenfield. Following these two losses, however, he started a streak of 11 wins.[4]
In 1936, Armstrong split his time among Los Angeles, Mexico City and St. Louis. A few notable opponents of that year include Ritchie Fontaine, Arizmendi, former world champion Juan Zurita, and Mike Belloise.[4] Early in his career, he fought some fights under the ring name Melody Jackson.[5]
In 1937 Armstrong won his first 22 bouts. He beat Casanova in three rounds, Belloise in four, Joe Rivers in three, former world champion Frankie Klick in four, and former world champion Benny Bass in four.[4] Armstrong was given his first world title fight, for the title in the 126-pound weight class against World Featherweight Champion Petey Sarron at Madison Square Garden. Armstrong knocked Sarron out in six rounds, becoming the World Featherweight Champion.[6]
Armstrong's two nicknames were Hurricane Henry and Homicide' Hank.[7]
In 1938, Armstrong started his season with seven more knockouts in a row, including one over Chalky Wright, a future world champion. The streak finally ended when Arizmendi lasted ten rounds before losing a decision to Armstrong in their fourth fight. Armstrong's streak of 27 knockout wins in a row qualifies as one of the longest knockout win streaks in the history of boxing, according to The Ring magazine.
Later in 1938, Armstrong, still the Featherweight division world champion, challenged Barney Ross for the title. Later a fellow member of the three division champions' club, Ross was then World Welterweight Champion. Armstrong, at 133½ pounds, beat Ross, at 142 pounds, by unanimous decision, adding the World Welterweight Championship to his belt. Armstrong lost weight in order to compete in the lower weight division, and beat World Lightweight Champion Lou Ambers by split decision. Armstrong was the first boxer ever to hold world championships in three different weight divisions at the same time. He decided not to maintain the required 126-pound weight anymore and left the featherweight crown vacant.[6]
Welterweight defenses
Armstrong dedicated the next two years to defending the welterweight crown, beating, among others, Ceferino Garcia, a future World Middleweight Champion, and Bobby Pacho.
Armstrong defended his Lightweight belt in a rematch with Ambers, which he lost on a 15-round decision. After that, he concentrated once again on defending the world Welterweight title. He defended it in eight fights in a row, the last of which was a nine-round knockout win over Puerto Rico's Pedro Montañez.
Armstrong sought to become the first boxer to win world titles in four different categories in a rematch with Garcia, already the World Middleweight Champion, but the fight ended in a ten-round draw. Armstrong's attempt to win a world title in a fourth division was frustrated.[8] According to boxing historian Bert Sugar, many commentators of the time said that Armstrong deserved the decision in this fight.[9]
Returning to the welterweight division, Armstrong successfully defended the title five more times, until Fritzie Zivic beat him to take the world title in a 15-round decision. This ended Armstrong's reign as Welterweight Champion. Armstrong's eighteen successful title defenses were the most in history in the Welterweight division.
In 1945, Armstrong retired from boxing. His official record was 152 wins, 21 losses and 9 draws, with 101 knockout wins.[4]
After boxing
After retiring from boxing in 1946, Armstrong briefly opened a Harlem nightclub, the Melody Room (named after his first nickname).[10] He returned to settle again in St. Louis, Missouri where, apart from the ceremonies and galas that he attended afterward, he led a quiet retirement. He became a born-again Christian and an ordained Baptist minister and youth advocate, helping to run the Herbert Hoover Boys Club. He also taught young fighters how to box.[5]. In February 1966, Rev. Armstrong appeared on the TV game show I've Got a Secret with his simultaneous triple championship as his secret.
Death, legacy and honors
- 1937, The Ring magazine named him as Fighter of the Year.
- 1940, the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA) named him as Fighter of the Year.
- In 1954, Armstrong was inducted into The Ring magazine Boxing Hall of Fame the year it was established.[3]
- In 1987, he was among those inductees from The Ring ' list who were absorbed into the International Boxing Hall of Fame when it was established.[3]
- In 1995, Armstrong was posthumously honored for his boxing career by being inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame.[3]
- In 2007, The Ring magazine ranked Armstrong as the second-greatest fighter of the last 80 years.[1]
- In 2007, ESPN ranked Armstrong as number 3 on their list of the 50 greatest boxers of all time.[2]
Professional boxing record
183 fights | 152 wins | 22 losses |
By knockout | 101 | 2 |
By decision | 51 | 18 |
By disqualification | 0 | 2 |
Draws | 9 |
No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
183 | Loss | 152–22–9 | PTS | 10 | Feb 14, 1945 | |||
182 | Win | 152–21–9 | UD | 10 | Feb 06, 1945 | |||
181 | Draw | 151–21–9 | PTS | 10 | Jan 17, 1945 | |||
180 | Win | 151–21–8 | KO | 4 (10) | Nov 04, 1944 | |||
179 | Win | 150–21–8 | KO | 2 (10) | Sep 15, 1944 | |||
178 | Win | 149–21–8 | PTS | 10 | Aug 21, 1944 | |||
177 | Draw | 148–21–8 | PTS | 10 | Jul 14, 1944 | |||
176 | Loss | 148–21–7 | UD | 10 | Jul 04, 1944 | |||
175 | Win | 148–20–7 | UD | 10 | Jun 21, 1944 | |||
174 | Win | 147–20–7 | TKO | 2 (10) | Jun 15, 1944 | |||
173 | Loss | 146–20–7 | UD | 10 | Jun 02, 1944 | |||
172 | Win | 146–19–7 | TKO | 6 (10) | May 22, 1944 | |||
171 | Win | 145–19–7 | UD | 10 | May 16, 1944 | |||
170 | Win | 144–19–7 | SD | 10 | Apr 25, 1944 | |||
169 | Win | 143–19–7 | UD | 10 | Mar 24, 1944 | |||
168 | Win | 142–19–7 | UD | 10 | Mar 20, 1944 | |||
167 | Win | 141–19–7 | KO | 5 (10) | Mar 14, 1944 | |||
166 | Win | 140–19–7 | KO | 4 (10) | Feb 29, 1944 | |||
165 | Win | 139–19–7 | TKO | 5 (10) | Feb 23, 1944 | |||
164 | Win | 138–19–7 | KO | 3 (10) | Feb 07, 1944 | |||
163 | Win | 137–19–7 | KO | 7 (12) | Jan 25, 1944 | |||
162 | Win | 136–19–7 | KO | 3 (10) | Jan 14, 1944 | |||
161 | Loss | 135–19–7 | UD | 10 | Aug 27, 1943 | |||
160 | Win | 135–18–7 | PTS | 10 | Aug 14, 1943 | |||
159 | Win | 134–18–7 | PTS | 10 | Aug 06, 1943 | |||
158 | Win | 133–18–7 | UD | 10 | Jul 24, 1943 | |||
157 | Win | 132–18–7 | UD | 10 | Jun 11, 1943 | |||
156 | Win | 131–18–7 | TKO | 7 (10) | May 24, 1943 | |||
155 | Win | 130–18–7 | KO | 1 (10) | May 07, 1943 | |||
154 | Win | 129–18–7 | TKO | 5 (10) | May 03, 1943 | |||
153 | Loss | 128–18–7 | UD | 10 | Apr 02, 1943 | |||
152 | Win | 128–17–7 | UD | 10 | Mar 22, 1943 | |||
151 | Win | 127–17–7 | KO | 2 (10) | Mar 08, 1943 | |||
150 | Loss | 126–17–7 | UD | 10 | Mar 02, 1943 | |||
149 | Win | 126–16–7 | UD | 10 | Jan 05, 1942 | |||
148 | Win | 125–16–7 | TKO | 4 (10) | Dec 14, 1942 | |||
147 | Win | 124–16–7 | TKO | 8 (10) | Dec 04, 1942 | |||
146 | Win | 123–16–7 | UD | 10 | Oct 26, 1942 | |||
145 | Win | 122–16–7 | KO | 2 (10) | Oct 13, 1942 | |||
144 | Win | 121–16–7 | KO | 4 (10) | Sep 30, 1942 | |||
143 | Win | 120–16–7 | TKO | 8 (10) | Sep 14, 1942 | |||
142 | Win | 119–16–7 | TKO | 3 (10) | Sep 07, 1942 | |||
141 | Win | 118–16–7 | KO | 8 (10) | Aug 26, 1942 | |||
140 | Win | 117–16–7 | PTS | 10 | Aug 13, 1942 | |||
139 | Win | 116–16–7 | TKO | 7 (10) | Aug 03, 1942 | |||
138 | Win | 115–16–7 | TKO | 3 (10) | Jul 20, 1942 | |||
137 | Loss | 114–16–7 | UD | 10 | Jul 03, 1942 | |||
136 | Win | 114–15–7 | PTS | 10 | Jun 24, 1942 | |||
135 | Win | 113–15–7 | TKO | 4 (10) | Jun 01, 1942 | |||
134 | Loss | 112–15–7 | TKO | 12 (15) | Jan 17, 1941 | For The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
133 | Loss | 112–14–7 | UD | 15 | Oct 04, 1940 | Lost The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
132 | Win | 112–13–7 | KO | 4 (15) | Sep 23, 1940 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
131 | Win | 111–13–7 | TKO | 6 (12) | Jul 17, 1940 | |||
130 | Win | 110–13–7 | TKO | 3 (15) | Jun 21, 1940 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
129 | Win | 109–13–7 | TKO | 5 (15) | May 24, 1940 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
128 | Win | 108–13–7 | TKO | 7 (15) | Apr 26, 1940 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
127 | Draw | 107–13–7 | PTS | 10 | Mar 01, 1940 | |||
126 | Win | 107–13–6 | TKO | 9 (15) | Jan 24, 1940 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
125 | Win | 106–13–6 | KO | 5 (15) | Jan 04, 1940 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
124 | Win | 105–13–6 | KO | 7 (10) | Dec 11, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
123 | Win | 104–13–6 | TKO | 4 (15) | Oct 30, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
122 | Win | 103–13–6 | PTS | 10 | Oct 24, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
121 | Win | 102–13–6 | TKO | 3 (15) | Oct 20, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
120 | Win | 101–13–6 | KO | 2 (10) | Oct 13, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
119 | Win | 100–13–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Oct 09, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
118 | Loss | 99–13–6 | UD | 15 | Aug 22, 1939 | Lost The Ring and lineal lightweight titles | ||
117 | Win | 99–12–6 | PTS | 15 | May 25, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
116 | Win | 98–12–6 | TKO | 12 (15) | Mar 31, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
115 | Win | 97–12–6 | KO | 1 (15) | Mar 16, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles; Retained The Ring lineal lightweight titles | ||
114 | Win | 96–12–6 | TKO | 4 (15) | Mar 04, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
113 | Win | 95–12–6 | PTS | 10 | Jan 10, 1939 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
112 | Win | 94–12–6 | TKO | 3 (15) | Dec 05, 1938 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
111 | Win | 93–12–6 | UD | 15 | Nov 25, 1938 | Retained The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
110 | Win | 92–12–6 | SD | 15 | Aug 17, 1938 | Won The Ring and lineal lightweight title | ||
109 | Win | 91–12–6 | UD | 15 | May 31, 1938 | Won The Ring and lineal welterweight titles | ||
108 | Win | 90–12–6 | KO | 5 (10) | Mar 30, 1938 | |||
107 | Win | 89–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Mar 25, 1938 | |||
106 | Win | 88–12–6 | PTS | 10 | Mar 15, 1938 | |||
105 | Win | 87–12–6 | KO | 2 (10) | Feb 28, 1938 | |||
104 | Win | 86–12–6 | TKO | 3 (10) | Feb 25, 1938 | |||
103 | Win | 85–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Feb 09, 1938 | |||
102 | Win | 84–12–6 | KO | 3 (10) | Feb 01, 1938 | |||
101 | Win | 83–12–6 | KO | 2 (10) | Jan 22, 1938 | |||
100 | Win | 82–12–6 | TKO | 3 (10) | Jan 21, 1938 | |||
99 | Win | 81–12–6 | KO | 6 (10) | Jan 12, 1938 | |||
98 | Win | 80–12–6 | KO | 2 (10) | Dec 12, 1937 | |||
97 | Win | 79–12–6 | TKO | 1 (10) | Dec 06, 1937 | |||
96 | Win | 78–12–6 | KO | 2 (10) | Nov 23, 1937 | |||
95 | Win | 77–12–6 | KO | 5 (10) | Nov 19, 1937 | |||
94 | Win | 76–12–6 | KO | 6 (15) | Oct 29, 1937 | Won The Ring and lineal featherweight titles | ||
93 | Win | 75–12–6 | KO | 3 (10) | Oct 18, 1937 | |||
92 | Win | 74–12–6 | KO | 1 (10) | Sep 21, 1937 | |||
91 | Win | 73–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Sep 16, 1937 | |||
90 | Win | 72–12–6 | KO | 4 (10) | Sep 09, 1937 | |||
89 | Win | 71–12–6 | TKO | 5 (10) | Aug 31, 1937 | |||
88 | Win | 70–12–6 | RTD | 1 (10) | Aug 16, 1937 | |||
87 | Win | 69–12–6 | KO | 3 (10) | Aug 13, 1937 | |||
86 | Win | 68–12–6 | KO | 4 (10) | Jul 27, 1937 | |||
85 | Win | 67–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Jul 19, 1937 | |||
84 | Win | 66–12–6 | TKO | 3 (10) | Jul 08, 1937 | |||
83 | Win | 65–12–6 | TKO | 3 (10) | Jun 15, 1937 | |||
82 | Win | 64–12–6 | KO | 4 (10) | Jun 09, 1937 | |||
81 | Win | 63–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | May 28, 1937 | |||
80 | Win | 62–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | May 04, 1937 | |||
79 | Win | 61–12–6 | KO | 10 (10) | Apr 06, 1937 | |||
78 | Win | 60–12–6 | UD | 10 | Mar 19, 1937 | |||
77 | Win | 59–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Mar 12, 1937 | |||
76 | Win | 58–12–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | Mar 02, 1937 | |||
75 | Win | 57–12–6 | KO | 4 (10) | Feb 19, 1937 | |||
74 | Win | 56–12–6 | TKO | 2 (10) | Feb 02, 1937 | |||
73 | Win | 55–12–6 | KO | 10 (10) | Jan 19, 1937 | |||
72 | Win | 54–12–6 | KO | 3 (10) | Jan 01, 1937 | |||
71 | Loss | 53–12–6 | DQ | 8 (10) | Dec 03, 1936 | |||
70 | Win | 53–11–6 | RTD | 5 (10) | Nov 17, 1936 | |||
69 | Win | 52–11–6 | KO | 1 (10) | Nov 02, 1936 | |||
68 | Win | 51–11–6 | PTS | 10 | Oct 27, 1936 | |||
67 | Win | 50–11–6 | KO | 1 (10) | Sep 08, 1936 | |||
66 | Win | 49–11–6 | PTS | 10 | Sep 03, 1936 | |||
65 | Win | 48–11–6 | KO | 4 (10) | Aug 18, 1936 | |||
64 | Win | 47–11–6 | PTS | 10 | Aug 04, 1936 | |||
63 | Win | 46–11–6 | PTS | 10 | Jun 22, 1936 | |||
62 | Win | 45–11–6 | TKO | 4 (10) | May 19, 1936 | |||
61 | Win | 44–11–6 | PTS | 10 | Mar 31, 1936 | |||
60 | Loss | 43–11–6 | PTS | 10 | Feb 26, 1936 | |||
59 | Loss | 43–10–6 | PTS | 10 | Jan 01, 1936 | |||
58 | Win | 43–9–6 | TKO | 8 (15) | Dec 06, 1935 | |||
57 | Win | 42–9–6 | PTS | 10 | Nov 27, 1935 | |||
56 | Win | 41–9–6 | TKO | 6 (8) | Nov 12, 1935 | |||
55 | Win | 40–9–6 | TKO | 7 (10) | Oct 21, 1935 | |||
54 | Draw | 39–9–6 | PTS | 8 | Sep 13, 1935 | |||
53 | Win | 39–9–5 | TKO | 8 (10) | Sep 13, 1935 | |||
52 | Win | 38–9–5 | PTS | 10 | Jun 25, 1935 | |||
51 | Win | 37–9–5 | PTS | 10 | May 28, 1935 | |||
50 | Win | 36–9–5 | PTS | 8 | May 10, 1935 | |||
49 | Win | 35–9–5 | PTS | 8 | Apr 16, 1935 | |||
48 | Win | 34–9–5 | TKO | 5 (10) | Apr 06, 1935 | |||
47 | Loss | 33–9–5 | PTS | 10 | Mar 31, 1935 | |||
46 | Win | 33–8–5 | TKO | 2 (10) | Mar 19, 1935 | |||
45 | Loss | 32–8–5 | DQ | 5 (10) | Feb 16, 1935 | |||
44 | Loss | 32–7–5 | UD | 12 | Jan 01, 1935 | |||
43 | Win | 32–6–5 | TKO | 5 (10) | Dec 15, 1934 | |||
42 | Win | 31–6–5 | TKO | 7 (10) | Dec 01, 1934 | |||
41 | Loss | 30–6–5 | PTS | 10 | Nov 04, 1934 | |||
40 | Win | 30–5–5 | PTS | 8 | Sep 28, 1934 | |||
39 | Win | 29–5–5 | KO | 3 (10) | Sep 13, 1934 | |||
38 | Win | 28–5–5 | TKO | 4 (8) | Sep 07, 1934 | |||
37 | Win | 27–5–5 | TKO | 5 (6) | Aug 28, 1934 | |||
36 | Win | 26–5–5 | PTS | 6 | Jul 17, 1934 | |||
35 | Win | 25–5–5 | PTS | 10 | Jun 14, 1934 | |||
34 | Win | 24–5–5 | PTS | 4 | Jun 05, 1934 | |||
33 | Win | 23–5–5 | TKO | 6 (6) | May 22, 1934 | |||
32 | Draw | 22–5–5 | PTS | 10 | May 04, 1934 | |||
31 | Win | 22–5–4 | KO | 1 (4) | Mar 27, 1934 | |||
30 | Win | 21–5–4 | PTS | 8 | Mar 06, 1934 | |||
29 | Win | 20–5–4 | PTS | 6 | Feb 13, 1934 | |||
28 | Win | 19–5–4 | PTS | 10 | Jan 26, 1934 | |||
27 | Win | 18–5–4 | TKO | 7 (10) | Dec 14, 1933 | |||
26 | Draw | 17–5–4 | PTS | 10 | Nov 23, 1933 | |||
25 | Win | 17–5–3 | PTS | 10 | Nov 03, 1933 | |||
24 | Win | 16–5–3 | TKO | 6 (6) | Oct 19, 1933 | |||
23 | Draw | 15–5–3 | PTS | 4 | Oct 11, 1933 | |||
22 | Draw | 15–5–2 | PTS | 4 | Sep 05, 1933 | |||
21 | Draw | 15–5–1 | PTS | 4 | Aug 30, 1933 | |||
20 | Win | 15–5 | KO | 5 (6) | Aug 08, 1933 | |||
19 | Win | 14–5 | PTS | 4 | Jul 29, 1933 | |||
18 | Loss | 13–5 | PTS | 6 | Jul 11, 1933 | |||
17 | Win | 13–4 | PTS | 4 | Jun 28, 1933 | |||
16 | Win | 12–4 | KO | 3 (4) | Jun 07, 1933 | |||
15 | Win | 11–4 | KO | 3 (6) | May 31, 1933 | |||
14 | Win | 10–4 | KO | 2 (4) | May 24, 1933 | |||
13 | Win | 9–4 | PTS | 6 | Apr 28, 1933 | |||
12 | Win | 8–4 | KO | 4 (4) | Mar 21, 1933 | |||
11 | Win | 7–4 | PTS | 6 | Feb 17, 1933 | |||
10 | Win | 6–4 | PTS | 6 | Feb 03, 1933 | |||
9 | Win | 5–4 | PTS | 4 | Dec 31, 1932 | |||
8 | Win | 4–4 | PTS | 4 | Dec 13, 1932 | |||
7 | Win | 3–4 | KO | 2 (?) | Dec 01, 1932 | |||
6 | Win | 2–4 | PTS | 4 | Oct 01, 1932 | |||
5 | Loss | 1–4 | PTS | 4 | Sep 27, 1932 | |||
4 | Loss | 1–3 | PTS | 4 | Aug 30, 1932 | |||
3 | Loss | 1–2 | PTS | 4 | Dec 07, 1931 | |||
2 | Win | 1–1 | PTS | 6 | Jul 31, 1931 | |||
1 | Loss | 0–1 | KO | 3 (4) | Jul 27, 1931 | |||
References
- Andrew Eisele. "Ring Magazine's 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years". About.com Sports.
- Mulvaney, Kieran (11 May 2007). "All-Time Greatest Boxers". ESPN. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
- St. Louis Walk of Fame. "St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees". stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- "BoxRec: Henry Armstrong". Retrieved 16 April 2018.
- Ryan, James. "Boxer Henry Armstrong dead at 75". UPI. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
- Grasso, John (2014). Historical Dictionary of Boxing. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 44–45. ISBN 978-0810878679.
- Armstrong Family (2009). "Biography of Henry Armstrong". Official Henry Armstrong website. Archived from the original on 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- "Henry Armstrong: Goes for Four Divisions". BoxingScene.com.
- Haygood, Wil (2011). Sweet thunder the life and times of Sugar Ray Robinson. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-1569768648.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Armstrong. |
- Boxing record for Henry Armstrong from BoxRec
- The Official Henry Armstrong Web Site
- Henry Armstrong Foundation Web Site
- Biographical sketch for Henry Armstrong on the International Boxing Hall of Fame (IBHOF) web site
- Henry Armstrong at Find a Grave
Achievements | ||
---|---|---|
Vacant Title last held by Battling Battalino |
World Featherweight Champion October 29, 1937 – September 12, 1938 Vacated |
Succeeded by Joey Archibald |
Preceded by Barney Ross |
World Welterweight Champion May 31, 1938 – October 4, 1940 |
Succeeded by Fritzie Zivic |
Preceded by Lou Ambers |
World Lightweight Champion August 17, 1938 – August 22, 1939 |
Succeeded by Lou Ambers |