Hematologic disease

Hematologic disease
Specialty	Hematology

Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood & blood-forming organs. Hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia, HIV, sickle cell disease & complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.

Myeloid

Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
  - Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
    - Pernicious anemia
  - Folate deficiency
- Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
  - Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
  - Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
    - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
    - Pyruvate kinase deficiency
  - Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
    - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        Idiopathic
        
        Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
        
        Evans syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and hemolytic antibodies)
      - Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        Cold agglutinin disease
        
        Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
        
        Infectious mononucleosis
    - Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
        Rh disease (Rh D)
        
        ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)
    - Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anemia
      - Penicillin (high dose)
      - Methyldopa
  - Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin)
  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
  - Direct physical damage to RBCs
    - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
    - Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)
- Aplastic anemia
  - Fanconi anemia
  - Diamond–Blackfan anemia (inherited pure red cell aplasia)
  - Acquired pure red cell aplasia
Decreased numbers of cells
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Myelofibrosis
- Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
- Agranulocytosis
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
- Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
- Erythrocytosis (increase in the number of red blood cells)
- Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
- Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
- Myeloproliferative disorder
- Transient myeloproliferative disease
Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
- Thrombocytosis
- Recurrent thrombosis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Disorders of clotting proteins
  - Hemophilia
    - Hemophilia A
    - Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
    - Hemophilia C
  - Von Willebrand disease
  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  - Protein S deficiency
  - Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Disorders of platelets

Hematological malignancies

Hematological malignancies
- Lymphomas
  - Hodgkin's disease
  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma {includes the next five entries}
    - Burkitt's lymphoma
    - Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
    - Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
    - Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
    - Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)
- Myelomas
  - Multiple myeloma
  - Waldenström macroglobulinemia
  - Plasmacytoma
- Leukemias increased WBC
  - Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL}
  - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
  - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia
  - Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF)
  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
  - T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)
  - B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
  - Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)
  - Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
  - T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)
  - Aggressive NK-cell leukemia

Miscellaneous

Hemochromatosis
Asplenia
Hypersplenism
- Gaucher's disease
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Tempi syndrome

Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders

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References

External links

https://web.archive.org/web/20100527085120/http://hematologic.niddk.nih.gov/info/index.htm

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