Frauke Petry

Frauke Petry (German: [ˈfʁaʊkə ˈpeːtʁiː]; née Marquardt; born 1 June 1975) is a German politician who chaired the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party from 4 July 2015 to 29 September 2017. A chemist by training and with a professional background as a businesswoman, some political scientists described Petry as a representative of the national conservative wing of that party.[2][3][4][5]

Frauke Petry MdB
Petry in 2015
Leader of Die Blaue Partei
In office 14 October 2017 – 31 December 2019[1]
Deputy	Michael Muster Alexander Langguth Hubertus von Below
Preceded by	Michael Muster
Succeeded by	(N/A)
Leader of the Alternative for Germany
In office 4 July 2015 – 29 September 2017 Serving with Jörg Meuthen
Preceded by	Bernd Lucke
Succeeded by	Jörg Meuthen
Member of the Bundestag for Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
Incumbent
Assumed office 24 September 2017
Preceded by	Klaus Brähmig
Personal details
Born	Frauke Marquardt (1975-06-01) 1 June 1975 Dresden, East Germany (now Germany)
Nationality	German
Political party	Independent (2019-present) Alternative for Germany (2013–2017) Die Blaue Partei (2017–2019)
Spouse(s)	Sven Petry (div. 2015) Marcus Pretzell (2015–present)
Children	6
Residence	Frohburg, Germany
Education	University of Reading University of Göttingen
Occupation	Chemist, businesswoman, politician

Petry had formerly served as one of three party spokespersons from 2013 to 2015,[6] and became leader in 2015, displacing the party's founder Bernd Lucke after an internal power struggle; Lucke subsequently left the party and said it has "fallen irretrievably into the wrong hands" after Petry's election. Petry left the party in turn after stating it had become "anarchical" and unable to provide a "credible platform".[7]

Petry is noted for her anti-Islam views, for her calls to ban minarets,[8] and for arguing that German police should "use firearms if necessary" to prevent illegal border-crossings.[9] She led the Blue Party until its dissolution in late 2019.[10]

Early life

Petry was born on 1 June 1975 to a chemist and an engineer in Dresden in what was then East Germany. She lived in Schwarzheide, Brandenburg, near Saxony until the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, after which her family moved to Bergkamen in Westphalia. Petry took her first degree in chemistry at the University of Reading, UK, in 1998, before attending the University of Göttingen, from where she gained a doctorate in 2004.[11][12]

Political orientation

Petry was described as a representative of the national conservative wing of her party.[2][3][4][5] To the contrary, political scientist Cas Mudde described her as a representative of the far-right wing of her party.[13] Petry describes herself as national-conservative and supporting policies of "national self-determinism". Der Spiegel reports that her electoral success on 4 July 2015, which gave her the reins of leadership in the AfD in preference to Bernd Lucke (the party's founder) was made possible by the national-conservative wing of the party. Lucke's wing did not have the majority.[6]

On the subject of the political spectrum, Petry has said, "Right and left are terms that haven't fit for a long time".[14] Petry believes sharia is incompatible with the "democratic and liberal order of state"[15] and has said that the majority within her AfD favors a liberal-conservative policy.[16]

Border control

In January 2016, when a reporter from the regional newspaper Mannheimer Morgen asked her about European and German border policies, Petry answered that the German Border police must do their jobs by "hindering illegal entry of refugees". Petry suggested that the border police could "use firearms if necessary" to "prevent illegal border crossings", a statement which contradicts the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The reporter followed up on her response, using the term Schiessbefehl which means "order to shoot". Petry stated that she did not use that term, going on to state that no policeman "wants to fire on a refugee and I don't want that either" but that border police must follow the law to maintain the integrity of European borders.[16] Afterwards, Petry made several attempts to justify these statements.[15][16]

Male circumcision

In a rough draft of its manifesto, the AfD had considered adopting a stance stating that male circumcision should be outlawed, but Petry said in her interview with Tim Sebastian on 21 March 2016 that this language would not be in the final draft.[15] The Central Council of Jews in Germany is also in an uproar over the question of religious circumcision, stating that to give precedence to a child's self-determination over his parents' right of freedom of religion is "an unprecedented and dramatic intrusion on the right to self-determination of religious communities".[17] This national dialogue is happening in the wake of a 2012 decision of a Higher Regional Court in Cologne, which called the circumcision of a 4-year-old boy "bodily harm".[17]

Women in society

Unlike the CDU and SPD, Petry does not believe mandatory quotas are the right way to give opportunities to women, nor does she believe they improve the chances of women having more leadership positions. She believes quotas make women unsure of whether a promotion would be made on the basis of qualifications.[18]

Regarding the issue of burqas, Petry believes it should not be compulsory for women to dress in such a manner. She has said that in schools "this sort of religious costume should not be worn".[15]

Migration

On the issue of international migration, Petry is of the view that, "We [Germany and the rest of Europe] have to decide what sort of migration we want to accept".[15] She has said, "Deciding about who's migrating and who's not, who's going to be part of a new country is, in the end, a question of borders, whether you see them, or whether you don't. When I go to France, I don't see the border, but I know it's there and I accept it, be it in terms of speed limits, or be it in terms of laws and legislation".[15]

Resignation from AfD

In April 2017, Petry stepped down as AfD's candidate for chancellor due to reports that she wanted to change the party's policies to appeal to more moderate voters.[19] This came after she had frequently criticised Björn Höcke, a party representative who had called the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin a "monument of shame",[20] and backed attempts to expel him, but could not prevail in a power struggle with her party rivals Jörg Meuthen[19] and Alexander Gauland,[21] who accused her of splitting party ranks.[22] Despite the internal strife, her party voted to allow her to run for a seat in the German parliament in the September 2017 elections.[22]

One day after election night in which Petry was elected to the Bundestag by direct mandate, she left an AfD press conference saying that she won't join the party's parliamentary group in the Bundestag because the party became too "anarchical" and "could not offer a credible platform". Alice Weidel, the AfD's frontrunner, demanded her resignation from the party.[7] Petry will join the Bundestag as an independent politician.[23] She resigned from the party and all offices on 29 September 2017.[24] She was subsequently charged with perjury for allegedly lying under oath about her former party's finances.[25]

On 12 October 2017, Petry announced that she would form a new party, called the Blue Party, which would provide a "reasonable conservative" agenda and seek to replicate the success of the Bavarian Christian Social Union.[26] In late 2019, that party was dissolved.[10]

Personal life

In 2007, Petry founded her own business, PURinvent, a Leipzig-based manufacturer of polyurethane tire fill products.[12] She received the Medal of the Order of Merit in 2012.[27][28] She speaks English fluently.[29]

Petry separated from her husband, Sven Petry, a Lutheran pastor,[14] in October 2015.[30] Her domestic partner is Marcus Pretzell.[31] She has four children and lives in Tautenhain, Saxony.[12][27] Petry published a statement in early October 2015 in which she announced that she would separate from her husband, while also noting that "much more than just friendly feelings" had developed between her and Pretzell, a fellow AfD party member.[32] In December 2016, she married Pretzell.[33] Sven has since joined the CDU.[14][34]

Petry is a member of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony, a member church of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD). She criticizes many stances of the EKD, which historically holds a largely liberal Protestant stance, claiming it follows "only its own interests" regarding immigration. She advocates its cooperation with AfD in order to defend the European Christian values of the West.[35]

References

1. http://dieblauepartei.de/
2. Lars Geiges, Stine Marg, Franz Walter: Pegida. Die schmutzige Seite der Zivilgesellschaft? Transcript, Bielefeld 2015, ISBN 978-3-8376-3192-0, S. 153.
3. Gudrun Hentges: Sarrazins Erben: Ressentiments von PEGIDA und AfD finden sich schon beim Ex-Finanzsenator. In: ROSALUX. Journal der Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, Ausgabe 1/2015, 20 f.
4. Kristina zur Mühlen: "Politologe zum Flügelkampf in der AfD: Machtkampf mindert die Wahlchancen" (Interview with Jürgen W. Falter) (in German). tagesschau24. tagesschau.de. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
5. Frank Decker: Alternative für Deutschland und Pegida. Die Ankunft des neuen Rechtspopulismus in der Bundesrepublik. In: Frank Decker, Bernd Henningsen, Kjetil Jakobsen (Hrsg.): Rechtspopulismus und Rechtsextremismus in Europa. Die Herausforderung der Zivilgesellschaft durch alte Ideologien und neue Medien (= International Studies on Populism. Bd. 2). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2015, ISBN 978-3-8487-1206-9, S. 75–90, hier: S. 80.
6. "AfD: Lucke-Anhänger wollen neue Partei gründen". Der Spiegel (in German). 13 July 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
7. German election, the day after: AfD's Frauke Petry won't join parliamentary group, DW
8. "Far right AfD party says Muslims not welcome in Germany".
9. "Refugees should be shot 'if necessary', says party leader in Germany". 31 January 2016.
10. SPIEGEL, DER (5 November 2019). "Frauke Petry kündigt Ende ihrer "Blauen Partei" an - DER SPIEGEL - Politik". www.spiegel.de (in German). Retrieved 22 March 2020.
11. Petry, Frauke (2004). Charakterisierung eines neuen ATP-binding-cassette Transporters aus der ABCA-Subfamilie (PDF) (in German). University of Göttingen. p. 129. Retrieved 27 September 2013.(dissertation/curriculum vitae)
12. Lang, Thomas (9 February 2011). "Geithain – Gründerinnenpreis Sachsens geht an Tautenhainerin". Leipziger Volkszeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
13. Mudde, Cas (13 March 2016). "One Alternative for Germany or Many? The Mixed Message of the German State Elections". The Huffington Post.
14. Kate Connolly (7 February 2016). "Frauke Petry: Smiling face of Germany's resurgent right". The Observer. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
15. Sebastian, Tim (21 March 2016). "Transcript: Tim Sebastian interviews Frauke Petry". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
16. Mack, Steffen; Serif, Walter (30 January 2016). ""Sie können es nicht lassen!"". Mannheimer Morgen (in German). Retrieved 30 January 2016.
17. "Cutting Controversy: German Court Sets New Circumcision Rules". Der Spiegel. 27 September 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
18. "Die Frauenquote sei "völlig unausgegoren"". Wirtschaftswoche (in German). 27 November 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
19. Huggler, Justin. "German far-right leader stuns party by quitting chancellor race". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
20. AfD members distance themselves from Holocaust memorial critic, DW.com
21. Frauke Petry bezichtigt Gauland und Meuthen der Lüge, Die Welt
22. Alternative for Germany's Frauke Petry survives attempted in-party putsch, DW.com
23. AfD leader quits party caucus hours after German election breakthrough, The Guardian
24. Weiland, Severin (29 September 2017). "Petry offiziell ausgetreten: AfD bangt um ihre Mitte". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
25. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/04/former-afd-leader-frauke-petry-faces-jail-charged-perjury/
26. "Former leader of Germany's far-right kicks off new 'Blue Party'". Reuters. 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
27. Lang, Thomas (8 October 2012). "Borna – Verdienstorden mit 37 Jahren". Leipziger Volkszeitung (in German). Retrieved 27 September 2013.
28. "Ordensverleihung zum Tag der Deutschen Einheit" (in German). Bundespräsidialamt. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
29. Fröhlich, Christoph (26 March 2016). "In diesem Interview wird Frauke Petry ordentlich auseinandergenommen". Stern (in German). Retrieved 14 June 2016.
30. "AfD-Chefin Petry trennt sich von ihrem Ehemann". Sächsische Zeitung (in German). 7 October 2015. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
31. Amann, Melanie; Weiland, Severin (12 February 2016). "Angebliches Beratungsangebot: Die AfD, der Journalist und ein heikler Vorwurf". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 15 June 2016.
32. Peter Teffer (30 October 2015). "Germany's anti-euro party which became two". EUobserver. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
33. Justus Bender (22 December 2016). "Frauke Petry heiratet ein zweites Mal". FAZ.net (in German). Retrieved 22 December 2016.
34. Decker, Markus (12 October 2015). "Sven Petry geht zur CDU" (in German). FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
35. "Wie christlich ist die AfD? – Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Hennef". 18 April 2016.

External links

• PURinvent
• (in German) National board of the Alternative for Germany