Eastern Romance languages
The Eastern Romance languages[2] are a group of Romance languages. Today, the group consists of the Balkan Romance (also known as Daco-Romance[2]) subgroup which comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), Aromanian language (Macedo-Romanian) and two other related minor languages, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian; and the Castelmezzano dialect, in southern Italy.[3][4][5]
| Eastern Romance | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Balkans and part of Eastern Europe, western Basilicata (Italy) |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | east2714[1] |
Some classifications also include the extinct Dalmatian language (otherwise included in the Italo-Dalmatian group) as part of the Balkan Romance subgroup,[6][7][8] considering Dalmatian a bridge between Italian and Romanian.[9][10]
Samples of Eastern Romance languages
Note: the lexicon used below is not universally recognized
| Istro-Romanian[11][12][13] | Aromanian[14][15] | Megleno-Romanian[16] | Romanian | Italian | Portuguese | French | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pićor | cicior | picior | picior | gamba | perna | jambe | petiolus/gamba | leg |
| kľeptu | cheptu | kľeptu | piept | petto | peito | poitrine | pectus | chest |
| bire | ghine | bini | bine | bene | bem | bien | bene | well, good |
| bľerå | azghirari | zber | zbiera | ruggire | rugir | rugir | bēlāre/rugīre | to roar |
| fiľu | hilj | iľu | fiu | figlio | filho | fils | filius | son |
| fiľa | hilje | iľe | fiică | figlia | filha | fille | fīlia | daughter |
| ficåt | hicat | ficat | fegato | fígado | foie | fīcātum | liver | |
| fi | hire | ire | fi | essere | ser | être | fuī/esse/sum | to be |
| fľer | heru | ieru | fier | ferro | ferro | fer | ferrum | iron |
| vițelu | yitsãl | vițål | vițel | vitello | vitelo | veau | vitellus | calf |
| (g)ľerm | iermu | ghiarmi | vierme | verme | verme | ver | vermis | worm |
| viu | yiu | ghiu | viu | vivo | vivo | vivant | vīvus/vīvēns | alive |
| vipt | yiptu | vipt | cibo (vitto) | comida (vital) | victuaille (archaic) | victus | food, grain, victuals | |
| mľe(lu) | njel | m'iel | miel | agnello | (cordeiro), agno | agneau | agnellus | lamb |
| mľåre | njare | m'ari | miere | miele | mel | miel | mel | honey |
gollark: But I could do that and it would be less slow.
gollark: I see. This is actually bad.
gollark: That looks like fibonacci output, sure.
gollark: This seems kind of horribly accursed, is it not allocating an unreasonably vast amount of things?
gollark: How fibonaccious.
See also
- Eastern Romance substratum
- Proto-Romanian language
- Balkan sprachbund
- Pannonian Romance
References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Eastern Romance". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Schulte 2009, p. 230.
- Hammarström 2019, .
- Agard 1984, p. 250.
- Hall 1950, p. 16.
- Swiggers 2011, p. 272.
- Sampson 1999, p. 298.
- Hall 1950, p. 24.
- Posner 1996, p. 195.
- Harris 1997, p. 22.
- Lexicul Istroromân Moștenit din Latină
- Istroromâna în viziunea lui Traian Cantemir
- Istro-romanians: The Legacy of a Culture
- Dialectul Aromân
- Atlasul Lingvistic al Dialectului Aromân
- Dialectul Meglenoromân
Sources
- Agard, Frederick Browning (1984). A Course in Romance Linguistics Volume 2: A Diachronic View. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-074-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1950). "The Reconstruction of Proto-Romance". Language. Linguistic Society of America. 26 (1): 6–27. doi:10.2307/410406.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Harris, Martin (1997). "The Romance Languages". In Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel (eds.). The Romance Languages. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-0-415-16417-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (2019). "Catalogue of languages and families". Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Posner, Rebecca (1996). The Romance Languages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52-128139-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sampson, Rodney (1999). Nasal Vowel Evolution in Romance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-823848-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Schulte, Kim (2009). "Loanwords in Romanian". In Haspelmath, Martin; Tadmor, Uri (eds.). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 230–259. ISBN 978-3-11-021843-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Swiggers, Pierre (2011). "Mapping the Romance Languages of Europe". In Lameli, Alfred; Kehrein, Roland; Rabanus, Stefan (eds.). Language Mapping: Part I. Part II: Maps. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 269–301. ISBN 978-3-11-021916-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.