Dipropylcyclopentylxanthine

8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, PD-116,948) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the adenosine A₁ receptor.[1][2] It has high selectivity for A₁ over other adenosine receptor subtypes, but as with other xanthine derivatives DPCPX also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and is almost as potent as rolipram at inhibiting PDE4.[3] It has been used to study the function of the adenosine A₁ receptor in animals,[4][5] which has been found to be involved in several important functions such as regulation of breathing[6] and activity in various regions of the brain,[7][8] and DPCPX has also been shown to produce behavioural effects such as increasing the hallucinogen-appropriate responding produced by the 5-HT_2A agonist DOI,[9] and the dopamine release induced by MDMA,[10] as well as having interactions with a range of anticonvulsant drugs.[11][12]

Dipropylcyclopentylxanthine

Clinical data
ATC code	None
Legal status
Legal status	In general: uncontrolled
Identifiers
IUPAC name 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS Number	102146-07-6^N
PubChem CID	1329
IUPHAR/BPS	386
ChemSpider	1289^Y
UNII	9PTP4FOI9E
ChEBI	CHEBI:73282^N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL183^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50144706
ECHA InfoCard	100.162.425
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H24N4O2
Molar mass	304.394 g·mol^−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Melting point	191 to 194 °C (376 to 381 °F)
SMILES CCCn3c(=O)c2nc(C1CCCC1)[nH]c2n(CCC)c3=O
InChI InChI=1S/C16H24N4O2/c1-3-9-19-14-12(15(21)20(10-4-2)16(19)22)17-13(18-14)11-7-5-6-8-11/h11H,3-10H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18)^Y Key:FFBDFADSZUINTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?)  (verify)

See also

• DMPX
• CPX
• Xanthine

References

1. Martinson EA, Johnson RA, Wells JN (March 1987). "Potent adenosine receptor antagonists that are selective for the A1 receptor subtype". Molecular Pharmacology. 31 (3): 247–52. PMID 3561384.
2. Lohse MJ, Klotz KN, Lindenborn-Fotinos J, Reddington M, Schwabe U, Olsson RA (August 1987). "8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX)--a selective high affinity antagonist radioligand for A1 adenosine receptors". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 336 (2): 204–10. doi:10.1007/BF00165806. PMID 2825043.
3. Ukena D, Schudt C, Sybrecht GW (February 1993). "Adenosine receptor-blocking xanthines as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase isozymes". Biochemical Pharmacology. 45 (4): 847–51. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90168-V. PMID 7680859.
4. Coates J, Sheehan MJ, Strong P (May 1994). "1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX): a useful tool for pharmacologists and physiologists?". General Pharmacology. 25 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(94)90185-6. PMID 7926579.
5. Moro S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G (March 2006). "Progress in the pursuit of therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists". Medicinal Research Reviews. 26 (2): 131–59. doi:10.1002/med.20048. PMID 16380972.
6. Vandam RJ, Shields EJ, Kelty JD (2008). "Rhythm generation by the pre-Bötzinger complex in medullary slice and island preparations: effects of adenosine A(1) receptor activation". BMC Neuroscience. 9: 95. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-95. PMC 2567986. PMID 18826652.
7. Migita H, Kominami K, Higashida M, Maruyama R, Tuchida N, McDonald F, Shimada F, Sakurada K (October 2008). "Activation of adenosine A1 receptor-induced neural stem cell proliferation via MEK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 86 (13): 2820–8. doi:10.1002/jnr.21742. PMID 18618669.
8. Wu C, Wong T, Wu X, Sheppy E, Zhang L (February 2009). "Adenosine as an endogenous regulating factor of hippocampal sharp waves". Hippocampus. 19 (2): 205–20. doi:10.1002/hipo.20497. PMID 18785213.
9. Marek GJ (March 2009). "Activation of adenosine(1) (A(1)) receptors suppresses head shakes induced by a serotonergic hallucinogen in rats". Neuropharmacology. 56 (8): 1082–7. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.03.005. PMC 2706691. PMID 19324062.
10. Vanattou-Saïfoudine N, Gossen A, Harkin A (January 2011). "A role for adenosine A(1) receptor blockade in the ability of caffeine to promote MDMA "Ecstasy"-induced striatal dopamine release". European Journal of Pharmacology. 650 (1): 220–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.012. PMID 20951694.
11. De Sarro G, Donato Di Paola E, Falconi U, Ferreri G, De Sarro A (December 1996). "Repeated treatment with adenosine A1 receptor agonist and antagonist modifies the anticonvulsant properties of CPPene". European Journal of Pharmacology. 317 (2–3): 239–45. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00746-7. PMID 8997606.
12. Chwalczuk K, Rubaj A, Swiader M, Czuczwar SJ (2008). "[Influence of the antagonist of adenosine A1 receptors, 8-cyclopentyl-1 ,3-dipropylxanthine, upon the anticonvulsant activity of antiepileptic drugs in mice]". Przegla̧d Lekarski (in Polish). 65 (11): 759–63. PMID 19205356.