Colonial National Historical Park

Colonial National Historical Park is located in the Hampton Roads region of Virginia and is operated by the National Park Service of the United States government. The park protects and interprets several sites relating to the Colony of Virginia and the history of the United States more broadly, ranging from the site of the first landing of the English settlers who would settle at Jamestown, to the battlefields of Yorktown where the British Army was finally defeated in the American Revolutionary War. Over 3 million people visit the park each year.[1]

Colonial National Historical Park
Yorktown Victory Monument, near Yorktown, Virginia
LocationYork and James City counties and Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Nearest cityWilliamsburg, VA
Coordinates37°13′8″N 76°31′3″W
Area9,349.28 acres (37.8352 km2)
9,271.30 acres (3,751.96 ha) federal
EstablishedDecember 30, 1930
Visitors3,335,060 (in 2014)[1]
Governing bodyNational Park Service and Preservation Virginia
WebsiteColonial National Historical Park
Colonial National Historical Park
Nearest cityJamestown, Virginia
Built1607
ArchitectPeterson, Charles; et al.
Architectural styleColonial Revival
NRHP reference No.66000839[2]
VLR No.047-0002
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Designated VLRSee individual properties[3]

Units

Colonial Parkway
Main article: Colonial Parkway

The park includes the Colonial Parkway, a scenic 23-mile (37 km) parkway linking the three points of Virginia's Historic Triangle: Jamestown and Yorktown and running through the historic district of Colonial Williamsburg. The Colonial Parkway is located in James City County, York County, and the city of Williamsburg.

Jamestown
Main article: Historic Jamestowne

The park includes the original site of Jamestown known in modern times as Historic Jamestowne. Located in James City County at the southern end of the Colonial Parkway, it encompasses the area of Jamestown Island, including the Jamestown Glasshouse, and is adjacent to the Commonwealth of Virginia's complementary attraction known as Jamestown Settlement.

Yorktown Battlefield

At the northern end of the Colonial Parkway, in York County at Yorktown, the park operates the Yorktown Battlefield. The Nelson House, which was built around 1724, may have served as Cornwallis's headquarters during the final battle of the Revolutionary War, and the battlefield was the site of the British defeat. Both the house and the historic siege earthworks were restored in 1976.[4] The Moore House is located in the eastern part of the park and is where surrender negotiations took place in 1781. Nearby, the state-operated American Revolution Museum at Yorktown and the Yorktown Riverwalk Landing area are located.

Green Spring Plantation

Sir William Berkeley, who held the colonial governorship during the longest periods of any individual, used his Green Spring Plantation as an experimental farm to attempt to develop sources of income for the colony other than cultivated tobacco and traded furs.

The preserved portion of the site of Green Spring has been largely untouched since the second dwelling there and dependencies were destroyed during the American Civil War (1861–1865), promising a rich archaeological dig area to follow upon recent discoveries at the Park's location on Jamestown Island.

Cape Henry Memorial

The Cape Henry Memorial, site of the first landing of the Captain Christopher Newport and the soon-to-be Jamestown colonists in 1607, is located in the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia at Cape Henry. Open to the public, it is located off U.S. Route 60 on the Navy base Joint Expeditionary Base East.

Administrative history

Colonial National Monument was authorized on July 3, 1930. It was established on December 30, 1930. On June 5, 1936, it was redesignated a national historical park. The cemetery at Yorktown was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933.

Jamestown National Historic Site, is co-owned by the National Park Service and Preservation Virginia (formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) and administered by the NPS, was designated on December 18, 1940. Preservation Virginia owns 22 acres (89,000 m2) containing the remains of the original 1607 fort. The National Park Service owns the remaining 1,178 acres (4.8 km2) of the island which contains the archeological remains of the expanded towne and its island plantation sites.

As with all historical areas administered by the National Park Service, Colonial National Historical Park and Jamestown National Historic Site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

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See also

References
  1. "National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  3. "Virginia Landmarks Register". Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  4. "Walter Eugene George, Jr. Collection: 1951-2007", Alexander Architectural Archive, University of Texas at Austin Libraries. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
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