Bothremydidae

Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles. They belong to suborder Pleurodira and the order Testudines. Like their modern relatives, bothremydidids often inhabited freshwater habitats, but several species were instead marine;[1] they are unrelated to modern sea turtles. They were actively mobile omnivores. They became extinct in the Oligocene or Miocene.[2][3]

Bothremydidae
Temporal range: 99.6–20 Ma
Gafsachelys spp. skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Pleurodira
Hyperfamily: †Pelomedusoides
Family: †Bothremydidae
Baur, 1891

The family is split into two subfamilies and a number of tribes.[4]

Bothremydidae

  • Subfamily Bothremydinae Gaffney et al., 2006
    • Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al., 2006
      • Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Araiochelys Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Bothremys Leidy, 1865 (jr synonym: Karkaemys)
          • Bothremys arabicus (Zalmout et al., 2005)
          • Bothremys cooki Leidy, 1865
          • Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Chedighaii Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Chedighaii barberi (Schmidt, 1940)
          • Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Rosasia Costa, 1940
          • Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa, 1940
        • Inaechelys Carvalho, 2016
          • Inaechelys pernambucensis Caralho, 2016
        • Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
          • Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
      • Subtribe Foxemydina Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Elochelys Nopsca, 1931
          • Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al., 2002
          • Elochelys perfecta Nopsca, 1931
        • Foxemys Tong et al., 1998
          • Foxemys mechinorum Tong '"et al., 1998
        • Polysternon Portis, 1882
          • Polysternon atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga, 1996
          • Polysternon provinciale (Matheron, 1869)
        • Puentemys Cadena et al., 2012
          • Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al.'", 2012
    • Tribe Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Ilatardia Pérez-García, 2019
      • Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
          • Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
      • Subtribe Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Azabbaremys Gaffney et al., 2001
          • Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al., 2001
        • Eotaphrosphys Perez-Garcia, 2018
          • Eotaphrosphys ambiguum (Gaudry, 1890)
        • Motelomama Perez-Garcia, 2018
          • Motelomama olssoni (Schmidt, 1931)
        • Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong, 2003
          • Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong, 2003
        • Rhothonemys Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Taphrosphys Cope, 1869 (jr synonyms: Amblypeza, Bantuchelys, Prochonias)
          • Taphrosphys congolensis (Dollo, 1912)
          • Taphrosphys dares Hay, 1908 (nomen dubium)
          • Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy, 1856)
        • Ummulisani Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al., 2006
        • Crassachelys (nomen dubium)
          • Crassachelys neurirregularis (Bergounioux, 1952)
        • Eusarkia (nomen dubium)
        • Gafsachelys Stefano, 1903 (nomen dubium)
        • Labrostochelys Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al., 2006
    • Tribe Cearachelyini Gaffney et al., 2006
      • Cearachelys Gaffney et al.,
        • Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al., 2001
      • Galianemys Gaffney et al., 2002
        • Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al., 2002
        • Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al., 2002
  • Subfamily Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al., 2006
    • Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al., 2006
      • Jainemys Joyce & Bandyopadhyay, 2020
        • Jainemys pisdurensis Joyce & Bandyopadhyay, 2020
      • Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al., 2009
        • Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al., 2009
      • Kurmademys Gaffney et al., 2001
        • Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al., 2001
      • Sankuchemys Gaffney et al., 2003
        • Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al., 2003

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram by Gaffney et al. in 2006:[2]

 

Chelidae

 
 
 

Pelomedusoides

 
 
 
 

Araripemys

 
 

Pelomedusidae

 
 
 
Euraxemydidae
 

Dirqadium

 
 

Euraxemys

 
 
Podocnemidioidea
 

Podocnemidinura

 
Bothremydidae
Kurmademydini
 

Kurmademys

 
 

Sankuchemys

 
 
Bothremydinae
Cearachelyini
 

Galianemys

 
 

Cearachelys

 
 
Bothremyodda
Bothremydini
 
 

Foxemys (=Polysternon)

 
 

Polysternon

 
 
 
 

Zolhafah

 
 
 

Rosasia

 
 
 

Araiochelys

 
 
 
 

Chedighaii hutchisoni

 
 

Chedighaii barberi

 
 
 
 
 

Bothremys cooki

 
 

Bothremys magrhebiana

 
 
 
 

Bothremys kellyi

 
 

Bothremys arabicus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taphrosphyini
 
 

Nigeremys

 
 

Arenila

 
 
 
 

Azabbaremys

 
 
 

Labrostochelys

 
 
 

Taphrosphys

 
 
 

Rhothonemys

 
 
 

Phosphatochelys

 
 

Ummulisani

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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gollark: ```Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted ondev 4049896 0 4049896 0% /devrun 4093740 1156 4092584 1% /run/dev/mapper/arch-root 62914560 36713744 25937136 59% /tmpfs 4093740 32672 4061068 1% /dev/shmtmpfs 4093740 0 4093740 0% /sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs 4093740 8236 4085504 1% /tmp/dev/sda1 1046512 72504 974008 7% /boot/dev/mapper/arch-home 163371072 142836388 20534684 88% /hometmpfs 818748 32 818716 1% /run/user/1000```
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References
  1. Anny Rafaela de Araújo Carvalho; Aline Marcele Ghilardi; Alcina Magnólia Franca Barreto (2016). "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil". Zootaxa 4126 (4): 491–513. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.3.
  2. Gaffney, E. S.; Tong, H.; Meylan, P. A. (2006-11-17). "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: The families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York: American Museum of Natural History. 300: 1–700. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)300[1:EOTSTT]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5824.
  3. Adán Pérez-García, A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina, The Science of Nature August 2016, 103:50 First online: 04 June 2016
  4. The Paleontology Database Bothremydidae entry accessed on 26 January 2011
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