Bob Graham

Daniel Robert Graham (born November 9, 1936) is an American politician and author who served as the 38th governor of Florida from 1979 to 1987 and a United States senator from Florida from 1987 to 2005. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

This article is about the 38th Governor of Florida. For other people named Bob Graham, see Bob Graham (disambiguation).

Bob Graham
United States senator from Florida
In office January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2005
Preceded by	Paula Hawkins
Succeeded by	Mel Martínez
Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
In office June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003
Preceded by	Richard Shelby
Succeeded by	Pat Roberts
38th Governor of Florida
In office January 2, 1979 – January 3, 1987
Lieutenant	Wayne Mixson
Preceded by	Reubin Askew
Succeeded by	Wayne Mixson
Member of the Florida Senate from the 33rd district 48th (1970–1972)
In office November 3, 1970 – November 7, 1978
Preceded by	Richard Stone
Succeeded by	John A. Hill
Member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 105th district Dade County, Group 16 (1966–1967)
In office November 8, 1966 – November 3, 1970
Preceded by	District established
Succeeded by	Sherman Winn
Personal details
Born	Daniel Robert Graham (1936-11-09) November 9, 1936 Coral Gables, Florida, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Adele Khoury
Children	4 (including Gwen)
Education	University of Florida (BA) Harvard University (JD)
Signature

Born in Coral Gables, Florida, Graham won election to the Florida Legislature after graduating from Harvard Law School. After serving in both houses of the Florida Legislature, Graham won the 1978 Florida gubernatorial election, and was reelected in 1982. In the 1986 Senate elections, Graham defeated incumbent Republican Senator Paula Hawkins. He helped found the Democratic Leadership Council and eventually became Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. Graham ran for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination, but dropped out before the first primaries. He declined to seek reelection in 2004 and retired from the Senate.

Graham served as co-chair of the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling and as a member of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and the CIA External Advisory Board. He works at the Bob Graham Center for Public Service at his undergraduate alma mater, the University of Florida. He also served as Chairman of the Commission on the Prevention of WMD proliferation and terrorism. Through the WMD policy center he advocates for the recommendations in the Commission's report, "World at Risk." In 2011, Graham published his first novel, the thriller The Keys to the Kingdom.[1] He has also written three nonfiction books: Workdays: Finding Florida on the Job, Intelligence Matters, and America: The Owner's Manual.

Personal background

Bob Graham signing books at the Miami Book Fair International 2011.

Graham was born in Coral Gables, Florida, the son of Hilda Elizabeth (née Simmons), a schoolteacher, and Ernest R. Graham, a Florida state senator, mining engineer, and dairy/cattleman.[2] He is the youngest of four children. His siblings are Philip Graham, the late publisher of The Washington Post'' (1915-1963); William Graham of Miami Lakes, Florida; and Mary Crow. He married Adele Khoury, of Miami Shores, in 1959. They have four daughters, Gwen Graham, Cissy Graham McCullough, Suzanne Graham Gibson and Kendall Graham Elias and 11 grandchildren.

Bob Graham attended Miami Senior High School from 1952 to 1955; he was student body president his senior year. He was International Trustee of the Key Club, the Kiwanis service organization. While at Miami High Graham was the recipient of the Sigma Chi Award, the school's highest honor. He received a bachelor's degree in 1959 in political science from the University of Florida, where he was a member of the Epsilon Zeta chapter of Sigma Nu fraternity and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, the University of Florida Hall of Fame and Florida Blue Key. He went on to receive a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1962. His eldest brother, Philip (1915–1963), was also a Harvard Law School alum.

Political career

Graham was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1966 and reelected in 1967 and 1968, each time representing all of Dade County. He was elected to the Florida Senate in 1970, also from Dade County. Redistricted into a seat encompassing portions of northern Dade and southern Broward County, Graham was reelected to District 33 in 1972 and 1976.

Governor of Florida

Graham being sworn in as Governor of Florida in January 1979

Bob Graham was elected Governor of Florida in 1978 after a seven-way Democratic primary race in which he initially placed second to Robert L. Shevin. His supporters at the time dubbed themselves "Graham crackers." With this victory, he realized his father's dream: Cap Graham had run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to be Governor of Florida back in 1944. Graham was re-elected in 1982 with 65 percent of the vote, having defeated the Republican nominee, U.S. Representative Louis A. Bafalis of Palm Beach.

Graham emphasized education, and placed a focus on improvement of the public universities in the state. By the end of his second term the state university system was among the first quartile of state systems in America, and its public schools and community colleges had substantially improved their academic standing.

In addition, Graham's administration focused on economic diversification and environmental policies. During his tenure as governor, the state added 1.2 million jobs, and for the first time in state history the per capita income of Floridians exceeded the US average. For three of his eight years Florida was rated by the accounting firm Grant Thornton as having the best business climate of all states in the union.

Graham also launched the most extensive environmental protection program in the state's history, focused on preserving endangered lands. During his tenure thousands of acres of threatened and environmentally important lands were brought into state ownership for permanent protection. His keystone accomplishment was the establishment of the Save the Everglades program, which has now been joined by the federal government in a commitment to restore the Everglades.

Graham left the governorship with an 83% approval rating. According to The New York Times, he was one of the most popular politicians in Florida.[3]

U.S. Senator

Graham was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, defeating incumbent Sen. Paula Hawkins 55 to 45 percent. He was reelected in 1992 (over Bill Grant, 66%–34%) and 1998 (over Charlie Crist, 63%–37%) and chose not to seek reelection in 2004. Upon retiring from the Senate in January 2005, Graham had served 38 consecutive years in public office.

Graham served 10 years on the Senate Intelligence Committee, which he chaired during and after 9/11 and the run-up to the Iraq war. He led the joint congressional investigation into 9/11. As Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Graham opposed the War in Iraq and was one of the 23 Senators who voted against President Bush's request for authorization of the use of military force. After meeting with military leaders in February 2002, and requesting and reviewing a National Intelligence Estimate, he said he "felt we were being manipulated and that the result was going to distract us from where our real enemies were". He continued to oppose the Iraq War, saying in 2008: "I'm afraid I never wavered from my belief that this was a distraction that was going to come to a bad end in Iraq and an even worse end in Afghanistan"[4]

In 2004, Graham published Intelligence Matters: The CIA, the FBI, Saudi Arabia and the Failure of America's War on Terror. In September 2008 the book was released in paperback with a new preface and postscript.

Graham has a well-known habit of meticulously logging his daily activities (some as mundane as when he ate a tuna sandwich or rewound a tape of Ace Ventura[5]) on color-coded notebooks, which some say may have cost him a spot on past vice-presidential tickets. The notebooks are now housed at the University of Florida library. A great advocate for his home state, Graham always kept Florida orange juice on hand in his Senate office and was rarely seen without his trademark Florida tie.

Presidential and Vice Presidential politics

Graham was considered as a Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1988, 1992, 2000 and 2004.[6][7] He was a finalist on Bill Clinton's shortlist of running mates in 1992, and was reportedly on Al Gore's shortlist in 2000.[8]

2004 Presidential election

Main article: Bob Graham 2004 presidential campaign

In December 2002 Graham announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the 2004 election. On January 31, 2003, he had open-heart surgery and his campaign faltered. He withdrew his candidacy on October 7, 2003. In November, he announced that he would not seek another term in the Senate. After John Kerry became the presumptive Democratic nominee for president in March 2004, some discussed the possibility that Graham would be on the shortlist of Kerry's choices for running mate.

After politics

Former Senator Graham (center), with former Florida Governor Buddy MacKay (right) at the dedication ceremony for Pugh Hall, home of the Graham Center for Public Service at the University of Florida.

After teaching at Harvard University for the 2005–06 academic year, Graham focused on founding a center to train future political leaders, at the University of Florida – where he earned his bachelor's degree in political science in 1959.

The UF Center, known as the Bob Graham Center for Public Service, is housed in the university's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The Center provides students with opportunities to train for future leadership positions, and the university community to engage with policy makers and scholars. On February 9, 2008, The James and Alexis Pugh Hall funded by longtime friends of the Graham's was dedicated in the historic area of the UF campus. Pugh Hall serves as the home of the Center, as well as the university's oral history and African and Asian languages programs.

In 2009 Graham published America, The Owner's Manual: Making Government Work for You, a book about inspiring and teaching citizens to effectively participate in democracy.

Since his retirement from the Senate, Graham has published almost 70 op-eds on state and national issues. He is also a member the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based think tank.[9]

Honors

On November 18, 2005, the Florida Legislature renamed the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, which was rebuilt during Graham's time as governor, the Bob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge.

On May 6, 2006, at the spring commencement for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the University of Florida awarded Graham an honorary doctorate, the Doctor of Public Service.

References

1. Linda Davidson. Bob Graham pens spy novel 'Keys to the Kingdom', The Washington Post, 2011-06-25; retrieved 2012-05-04
2. "Ancestry of Bob Graham". www.wargs.com. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
3. Nagourney, Adam (December 24, 2002). "Senator Graham Considers Run for President". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
4. Stein, Sam (March 28, 2008). "Graham: I Never Wavered In My Belief That The War Was Wrong". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
5. Tapper, Jake. "'1:30-1:45: Rewind Ace Ventura'". Salon.com. 2003-06-03. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
6. Politics1 – Guide to the Inactive 2004 Democratic Presidential Prospects Archived May 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
7. The 1992 Campaign: Democrats; Clinton Selects Senator Gore of Tennessee as Running Mate – New York Times
8. Gore, Lieberman prepare for public debut of Democratic ticket – August 7, 2000 Archived August 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
9. "Inter-American Dialogue | Bob Graham". www.thedialogue.org. Retrieved April 12, 2017.

External links

• 1983 Interview by Dave Barry
• Biography from the Congressional Biographical Directory
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Intelligence Matters – If the president wants to deny the American people knowledge as to what the Saudis did to support the terrorists, that's the president's prerogative.
• The Bob Graham Center for Public Service at the University of Florida
• Online Photo Exhibit of Bob Graham's workdays, presented by the State Archives of Florida
• Bob Graham on IMDb
• Nuclear or Biological Attack Called Likely

Party political offices
Preceded by Reubin Askew	Democratic nominee for Governor of Florida 1978, 1982	Succeeded by Steve Pajcic
Preceded by Max Baucus, Joe Biden, David L. Boren, Barbara Boxer, Robert Byrd, Dante Fascell, Bill Gray, Tom Harkin, Dee Huddleston, Carl Levin, Tip O'Neill, Claiborne Pell	Response to the State of the Union address 1985 Served alongside: Bill Clinton, Tip O'Neill	Succeeded by Tom Daschle, Bill Gray, George Mitchell, Chuck Robb, Harriet Woods
Preceded by Bill Gunter	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Florida (Class 3) 1986, 1992, 1998	Succeeded by Betty Castor
Preceded by Chuck Robb	Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 1993–1995	Succeeded by Bob Kerrey
New office	Chair of the Senate New Democrat Coalition 2000–2003	Succeeded by Tom Carper Mary Landrieu
Political offices
Preceded by Reubin Askew	Governor of Florida 1979–1987	Succeeded by Wayne Mixson
U.S. Senate
Preceded by Paula Hawkins	United States Senator (Class 3) from Florida 1987–2005 Served alongside: Lawton Chiles, Connie Mack, Bill Nelson	Succeeded by Mel Martinez
Preceded by Richard Shelby	Chair of Senate Intelligence Committee 2001–2003	Succeeded by Pat Roberts
Government offices
New office	Chair of the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling 2010–2011 Served alongside: William Reilly	Position abolished