Big year

A big year is a personal challenge or an informal competition among birders who attempt to identify as many species as possible by sight or sound, within a single calendar year and within a specific geographic area. Popularized in North America, big years are commonly done within single US states and Canadian provinces, as well as within larger areas such as the entire world, the lower 48 continental U.S. states, or within the official American Birding Association Area. The ABA big year record of 840 species was set by John Weigel of Australia in 2019[1] The world big year record of 6,852 species was set in 2016 by Arjan Dwarshuis of the Netherlands.[2]

This article is about the birding competition. For the film, see The Big Year.

History of North American big years

The wide publication in 1934 of the first modern field guide by Roger Tory Peterson truly revolutionized birding. However, in that era, most birders did not travel widely. The earliest known continent-wide Big Year record was compiled by Guy Emerson, a traveling businessman, who timed his business trips to coincide with the best birding seasons for different areas in North America. During his best year, in 1939, he saw 497 species.[3] In 1952, Emerson's record was broken by Bob Smart, who saw 515 species.[4]

In 1953, Roger Tory Peterson and James Fisher took a 30,000 mile road trip visiting the wild places of North America. In 1955, they told the story of their travels in a book and a documentary film, both called Wild America. In a footnote to the book, Peterson claimed "My year's list at the end of 1953 was 572 species." In 1956, a 25-year-old Englishman named Stuart Keith, following Peterson and Fisher's route, compiled a list of 594 species, a record that stood for fifteen years.[5]

In 1971, 18-year-old Ted Parker, in his last semester of high school in southeastern Pennsylvania, extensively birded the eastern seaboard of North America. That September, Parker enrolled in the University of Arizona in Tucson and found dozens of Southwestern U.S. and Pacific coast specialties, ending the year with a list of 626 species.

The 1969 foundation of the American Birding Association standardized and regulated North American Big Years. The ABA Area was defined as the 49 continental U.S. states (excluding Hawaii), Canada, and the French islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, plus adjacent waters to a distance of 200 miles from land or half the distance to a neighboring country, whichever distance is less.

Big year efforts were still few and far between. In 1973 Kenn Kaufman and Floyd Murdoch both pursued Parker's record. As recounted in Kaufman's book Kingbird Highway, both broke the old record by a wide margin. Murdoch finished with 669 in the newly described ABA area to Kaufman's 666. Murdoch's record was broken in 1979 by James M. Vardaman, who saw 699 species that year and travelled 161,332 miles. Benton Basham, in 1983, topped Vardaman's effort with 710 species. 1987 marked the second time that there was a competition during a single year, with Sandy Komito's 722 species topping Steve Perry's 711. In 1992 Bill Rydell made a serious attempt at the record and ended with 714 species for the year.

In 1998, three birders, Sandy Komito, Al Levantin, and Greg Miller, chased Komito's prior record of 722 birds. In the end Komito kept the record, listing 745 species[6] birds plus 3 submitted in 1998 and later accepted by state committees for a revised total of 748.[7] Mark Obmascik's book about the 1998 big year birders was adapted into the 2011 20th Century Fox film The Big Year.

In 2008, Lynn Barber, the Texas big year record holder, became the first woman to break the 700-species barrier with a total of 723.[8] In 2010, North Carolina birder Chris Hitt became the first birder to see 700+ species in the lower 48 in a single year, finishing with 704.[9] In the same year, Virginia birder Robert Ake ended the year with 731 species, an extraordinary total achieved without the benefit of the relatively unique weather effects of 1998.[10]

In 2011, Colorado birder John Vanderpoel became the fastest birder on record to reach 700 species in a year. However, ultimately he only managed 743 birds, missing out on the record by five.[11] Vanderpoel's effort was the last made without the major contribution of eBird and birding groups on Facebook, which significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of rare bird alerts.

In 2013, Massachusetts birder Neil Hayward reluctantly decided to do an ABA big year. Neil reached 700 species two weeks ahead of John Vanderpoel's 2011 pace, and ended his year on 747 species plus 3 provisionals.[12] Two provisionals later accepted by the ABA gave Hayward a final total of 749, which set a new ABA Big Year record.

In 2016, an unprecedented four birders attempted simultaneous ABA Area big years. A South Dakotan doctor birding as "Olaf Danielson" launched his "Bad Weather Big Year", reaching 700 species in May.[13] John Weigel, an Australian conservationist and Tasmanian devil activist, also launched his big year, called "Birding for Devils."[14] While not seeking to break the record, American birding activist and blogger Christian Hagenlocher's "The Birding Project" aimed to attract more people to birding through a more social perspective.[15] Hagenlocher, at age 27, also became the youngest person to break the 700-species barrier for an ABA big year. Photographer Laura Keene, conducting a 2016 photographic big year, broke Lynn Barber's Big Year record for women in September.[16] 2016 marked the first time four birders had each seen over 700 species in the ABA Area in a year. On 16 July 2016, Weigel saw his 750th species, a Buller's shearwater, breaking Hayward's previous record.[17] All four birders would eventually surpass Hayward's total.

In October 2016, the ABA voted to add the U.S. state of Hawaii to the countable area for ABA Big Years. All the 2016 big year birders except Hagenlocher birded Hawaii during November and December 2016, even though the "New" ABA checklist was not updated until November 2017. Olaf Danielson, partly due to efforts to promote bird conservation in Hawaii, incorporated Hawaii into his Big Year planning, keeping a list for the "New ABA" along with his Continental ABA list. John Weigel and Laura Keene subsequently birded Hawaii, with Weigel ending up with the highest total for the "New ABA" region (836), the Continental ABA region (784) and the United States (832). Danielson was close behind with 829 for the "New ABA," while setting a new record for the Lower 48 States (723). Weigel was nipping at his heels with 721. Keene shattered the previous record for photographed species with diagnostic photos of 792 species, and audio recordings of 10 others, out of her 815 total for the year.[18]

2017 broke new ground, with five birders surpassing 700 species in the Continental ABA Area by September, and three breaking the 750-species barrier. Keene's women's record for the "New ABA" region was broken in 2017 by Yve Morrell. Also during 2017, Ruben and Victor Stoll became the first brothers to reach the 700 mark, and Richard and Gaylee Dean became the first married couple to reach 700.[19]

In 2018, Nicole Koeltzow reached the 700-species milestone on July 1, while in August Gaylee and Richard Dean became the first birders to reach 700 species in consecutive years. On October 30, 2018, in Hawaii, Koeltzow became the 7th birder to reach the 800-species mark, and went on to set new ABA records for women birders.[20] Also noteworthy in 2018 was the fact that Koeltzow and Dan Gesualdo became the 4th and 5th birders to identify 700+ species in the Lower 48 states. Gesualdo did so without a single airplane trip.

On July 4, 2019, John Weigel hit 700 for the second time, and on July 5 Gaylee and Richard Dean once again reached 700 species for the year, making them the first birders ever to top 700 species in the ABA Area three times. On top of that, the three years have been done consecutively. At the end of July 2019 Weigel became the first birder to reach 750 species in more than one year. A trip to Alaska at the end of August 2019 allowed David and Tammy McQuade to become the 4th and 5th birders to reach 700 species during 2019. They joined the Deans as the only couples to accomplish the feat. With a trip to Maine in September Amanda Damin became the 6th birder to reach 700 for the year, an unprecedented occurrence in the history of ABA Big Years. In October 2019 Weigel became the first birder to have a second 800+ ABA Big Year, and Richard and Gaylee Dean became the 9th and 10th birders to have a 750+ ABA Big Year. In November 2019 David and Tammy McQuade became the 6th and 7th birders to identify 700+ species in the Lower 48, and in December 2019 Gaylee and Richard Dean became the 8th and 9th birders to accomplish that feat. A new ABA Big Year record was set on December 23, 2019, when John Weigel found a Steller's Eider in Alaska, species #837 for the year. The same species also allowed Weigel to set a new record for a United States Big Year. At the close of the year he was at 836 for this category.

ABA Area big year rankings

The ABA Area includes Canada, the 50 US states including Hawaii, the French islands of St. Pierre et Miquelon off Canada, and adjacent waters out to 200 nautical miles.

Rank	Name	Species count	Year
1	John Weigel	840	2019
2	John Weigel	836	2016
3	Nicole Koeltzow	830	2018
4	Olaf Danielson	829	2016
5	Yve Morrell	816	2017
6	Laura Keene	815	2016
6	Ruben Stoll	815	2017
6	Victor Stoll	815	2017
9	Amanda Damin	795	2019
10	David McQuade	788	2019
10	Tammy McQuade	788	2019
12	Gaylee Dean	763	2019
12	Richard Dean	763	2019
14	Christian Hagenlocher	752	2016
15	Dustin Mullens	750	2019

Continental ABA Area big year rankings

This area is similar to the ABA Area (see above) but excludes Hawaii.

Rank	Name	Species count	Year
1	John Weigel	784	2016
2	Olaf Danielson	778	2016
3	John Weigel	776	2019
4	Nicole Koeltzow	774	2018
5	Laura Keene	763	2016
5	Gaylee Dean	763	2019
5	Richard Dean	763	2019
8	Ruben Stoll	761	2017
8	Victor Stoll	761	2017
10	Yve Morrell	760	2017
11	Christian Hagenlocher	752	2016
12	Neil Hayward	749	2013
13	Sandy Komito	748	1998
14	Gaylee Dean	747	2017
15	Richard Dean	745	2017

United States big year rankings

Rank	Name	Species count	Year
1	John Weigel	836	2019
2	John Weigel	832	2016
3	Olaf Danielson	826	2016
4	Nicole Koeltzow	824	2018
5	Ruben Stoll	814	2017
5	Victor Stoll	814	2017
7	Yve Morrell	813	2017
8	Laura Keene	812	2016
9	Amanda Damin	791	2019
10	David McQuade	788	2019
10	Tammy McQuade	788	2019
12	Gaylee Dean	760	2019
12	Richard Dean	760	2019
14	Christian Hagenlocher	748	2016
15	Gaylee Dean	741	2017

USA Conterminous 48 States big year rankings

Rank	Name	Species count	Year
1	Olaf Danielson	723	2016
2	John Weigel	721	2016
3	David McQuade	715	2019
3	Tammy McQuade	715	2019
5	Nicole Koeltzow	706	2018
6	Chris Hitt	704	2010
6	Dan Gesualdo	704	2018
8	Gaylee Dean	703	2019
9	Richard Dean	702	2019
9	John Weigel	702	2019
11	Christian Hagenlocher	699	2016
12	Laura Keene	697	2016
13	John Vanderpoel	692	2011
14	Neil Hayward	691	2013
15	Brandon Reo	686	2015
15	Yve Morrell	686	2017

World big years

In 2008, British couple Alan Davies and Ruth Miller traveled around the world, seeing 4,341 species. In 2015, Oregon birder Noah Strycker launched a worldwide big year with the goal of seeing at least 5,000 species—roughly half of the world's species—as he traveled around the globe. On September 16, in India, he broke the existing record of 4,341 species, set in 2008 by Alan Davies and Ruth Miller, when he saw a Sri Lanka frogmouth for his 4,342nd species of the year. He finished the year with 6,042 bird species, his last species seen being an Oriental Bay Owl in Assam, India.[21] Strycker's record faced an immediate challenge in 2016 when Dutch birder Arjan Dwarshuis launched an effort to break it as well as raise money for the Birdlife Preventing Extinctions Programme.[22] On November 4, 2016, Dwarshuis saw a tody motmot in Panama, breaking Strycker's previous record total. He finished the year with 6,833 seen bird species and this is the new World big year record.

Because Dwarshuis primarily used the IOC Checklist and Strycker the Clements Checklist, their totals are not fully compatible, as the IOC checklist lists a greater number of species. However, Dwarshuis and Strycker have both compiled checklists for each list.

Many world big year birders aim to minimize costs through a sponsorship, and their carbon footprint through a carbon offset program.

Alternative big years

Traditional big year birders have drawn criticism from environmentalists for failing to consider the ecological impact of their travel. Several birders have attempted "green", or alternative big years to raise awareness for both birding and the environment.

In 2005, two British cycling birders decided to have a competition. Chris Mills in Norfolk, England and Simon Woolley, Hampshire, England competed over who would see the most birds by cycling only and hence become the UK Green Year list record holder. Chris Mills won setting a record of 251 bird species.

Starting in the summer of 2007, teenager Malkolm Boothroyd and his parents, Ken Madsen and Wendy Boothroyd, attempted a big year without the use of fossil fuels by planning to bicycle over 10,000 miles to get over 400 species for the year.[23] They started in their home province of the Yukon Territory, rode down the Pacific Coast, looping back around Arkansas to catch the Texas spring migration, then eastward to Florida. They dubbed this attempt a "bird year," rather than a big year. In the end, they covered more than 13,000 miles by bicycle and tallied 548 species, raising more than $25,000 for bird conservation in the process.[24]

2014 saw the first continent-wide "green year", a big year executed with a minimum of environmental impact. In his rather extreme instance, Dorian Anderson bicycled 17,830 miles around the United States, amassing a self-powered, petroleum-free 618 species during his 365 days on America's roads. Dorian visited 28 states (some twice) during his adventure and, beyond his species total, raised $49,000 for habitat conservation. He shunned all motorized transportation for the entire adventure, refusing even ferries that would have saved him sometimes hundreds of miles of riding around various bodies of water. He was hit by a car once, and almost hit several other times, but survived the entire year without major injury.[25]

Big year books

• Wild America (1955) by Roger Tory Peterson & James Fisher
• Call Collect, Ask for Birdman (1980) by James M. Vardaman
• Looking for the Wild (1986) by Lyn Hancock
• The Loonatic Journals (1987) by Steven Perry
• Birding's Indiana Jones: A Chaser's Diary (1990) by Sandy Komito
• The Feather Quest (1992) by Pete Dunne
• A Year for the Birds (1995) by William B. Rydell, Jr.
• Kingbird Highway: The Story of a Natural Obsession That Got a Little Out of Hand (1997) by Kenn Kaufman
• I Came, I Saw, I Counted (1999) by Sandy Komito
• Chasing Birds Across Texas: A Birding Big Year (2003) by Mark T. Adams
• The Big Year: A Tale of Man, Nature, and Fowl Obsession (2004) by Mark Obmascik (later the basis for a 2011 comedy film distributed by 20th Century Fox)
• Return to Wild America: A Yearlong Search for the Continent's Natural Soul (2005) by Scott Weidensaul
• The Big Twitch (2005) by Sean Dooley (an Australian "Big Year")
• Arrivals and Rivals by Adrian M. Rliey (2005)
• BirdWatchingWatching (2009) by Alex Horne
• The Biggest Twitch: Around the World in 4,000 Birds (2010) by Alan Davies and Ruth Miller
• Extreme Birder: One Woman's Big Year (2011) by Lynn E. Barber
• A Big Manhattan Year: Tales of Competitive Birding (2013) by David Barrett
• Boobies, Peckers & Tits: One Man's Naked Perspective (2014) by Olaf Danielson
• Lost Among the Birds: Accidentally Finding Myself in One Very Big Year (2016) by Neil Hayward
• Josh's Big Year: From Deserts to Jungles, a battle with Asperger's (2016) by Josh Crickmay
• Birding Without Borders (2017) by Noah Strycker
• Een Bevlogen Jaar (2019) by Arjan Dwarshuis, published in Dutch by Meulenhoff
• Falcon Freeway: A Big Year of Birding on a Budget (2019) by Christian Hagenlocher
• Binoculars & Brushes: A year painting birds in the Welsh Marches (2019) by Julian Livsey

See also

• World Series of Birding

References

1. https://birdingyear.com/the-list-so-far/
2. https://www.arjandwarshuis.com/
3. Bird-Lore Jan/Feb 1940
4. Audubon Jan/Feb 1966: "Can I Count This Bird?"
5. Audubon Sep/Oct 1961: "A Britisher Sets a New North American Record"
6. "Attu Island". Retrieved 12 September 2013.
7. "Interview with Sandy Komito: 745 or 748?". Retrieved 12 September 2013.
8. Barber, Lynn (2011). Extreme Birder: One Woman's Big Year. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-60344-261-9.
9. Slow Birding: the big year meets the big night
10. Bob's Birds and Things
11. Atlantic Monthly October, 2011
12. http://blog.aba.org/2013/12/congratulations-neil.html ABA Blog, December 31, 2013
13. "The Bad Weather Big Year".
14. "About this blog".
15. "Home".
16. Keene, Laura (15 August 2016). "Team Snowcock".
17. "Birding For Devils".
18. Neise, Greg. "Birding Magazine, Aug 2018 - The Next Big Thing"
19. Lill, Joe (personal communication with all the 700+ birders from 2016-2019)
20. https://ebird.org/top100?locInfo.regionCode=aba&year=2018&rankedBy=spp
21. "Birding Without Borders".
22. http://world.observation.org/arjan.php
23. Stewart, Ian. "A big green year for the birds". Yukon News. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
24. McCoy, Michael (September–October 2008). "Boy Wonder Bikes and Birds" (PDF). Adventure Cyclist. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
25. "Biking for Birds".