Banate of Macsó

The Banate of Macsó or the Banate of Mačva[1] (Hungarian: macsói bánság) was an administrative division (banate) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day Mačva region of Serbia.

Banate of Macsó Banate of Mačva Macsói bánság Banatus Machoviensis Mačvanska banovina Мачванска бановина
Banate of the Kingdom of Hungary
1254–1284 1319–1496
The Banate of Macsó in 1490
History
• Established	1254
• Disestablished	1496
Preceded by Succeeded by Theme of Sirmium Kingdom of Serbia (medieval) Sanjak of Zvornik
Today part of	Serbia

Banate of Macsó in 1370

Name

In Serbo-Croatian: "Mačvanska banovina" (Serbian Cyrillic: Мачванска бановина), Latin: Banatus Machoviensis, Hungarian: Macsói bánság.

History

The region of Mačva or Macsó probably came under Hungarian administration after the death of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus in 1180. It was first known as the Lower Syrmia (Sirmia ulterior) region. Rostislav Mikhailovich was mentioned among the dignitaries of Béla IV as Ban of Slavonia in 1247, and from 1254 onward he was mentioned as the Duke of Macsó (in Latin, dux de Macho).[2] This was the first mention of the Banate of Macsó. The banate was named after a town called Macsó (Mačva or Macho), but the location of this settlement has not been clearly established in modern times. It is suspected that the town existed a few kilometers down the river from modern Šabac.

The Banate of Macsó was ruled by several powerful bans. In the 13th century, Béla of Macsó (grandson of Hungarian king Béla IV and son of Rostislav Mikhailovich) ruled the Banate of Macsó as well as Usora and Soli (areas across Drina river in today's northeastern Bosnia).

Macsó soon become apple of discord between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbia. King Stephen Uroš I of Serbia tried to conquer it in 1268, but was defeated and captured by the Hungarians. In 1284, King Stephen Dragutin of Serbia, son of Uroš I, married Catherine of Hungary and received Macsó from King Ladislaus IV of Hungary. Since the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, Stephen Dragutin ruled an independent kingdom centered in Macsó, which also included regions of Usora and Soli in northern Bosnia, as well as Belgrade, Rudnik and Braničevo. This kingdom was known as the Kingdom of Syrmia (Srem) and Stephen Dragutin ruled it as king until his death in 1316.[3]

Macsó remained in the hands of Dragutin's son Stephen Vladislaus II until 1319. The northern part of the region along the river Sava was captured by King Charles I of Hungary while the southern part remained firmly under Serbian administration. In the 14th century, the bans of the Garai family (Paul Garai, Nicholas I Garai and his son Nicholas II Garai) expanded their rule not only to Bosnia but also to Upper Syrmia and the last one also became the ban of Slavonia and Croatia, which were also parts of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time.

In the 1370s it was captured by Serbian Prince Lazar who in 1377–1378 donated several villages in Macsó to his newly founded monastery of Ravanica. Lazars's son despot Stefan Lazarević was officially granted with possession of Macsó by King Sigismund of Hungary in 1403 as a vassal of the Hungarian ruler. The territory got back to Hungary with Lazarević's death. The Hungarian bans of Macsó existed during this period as well but only as titular holders and the title of ban was usually granted to the ispans (counts) of southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary and latter to the governors of Belgrade. The banate was conquered by the Ottomans around 1500 AD because the records do not mention the bans of Macsó after 1496.

Administrative divisions

According to the Treaty of Tata in 1426 Macsó was divided into several districts:[4]

• Bitva (Bytthwa),
• Gornja and Donja Obna (Felsewatna and Alsowatna),
• Rađevina (Radio, Ragy),
• Nepričava (Neprichow),
• Ljig (Ligh),
• Kolubara (Collubara),
• Ub (Ubmelek),
• Tamnava (Tamlavamelek),
• Rabas,
• Pepeljevac,
• Debrc,
• Beljin,
• Toplica and
• castle of Bela Stena (castle) near present-day Valjevo.

Population

The population was mostly Serb and Orthodox, seen in a letter of pope Gregory IX dating 1229, where the pope had ordered the Archbishop of Kalocsa to convert the Orthodox Slavs in Lower Syrmia to the Roman rite.[5]

List of bans

Term	Incumbent	Monarch	Notes
1254–1262	Rostislav [6]	Béla IV	"dominus de Machou"; king Béla IV's son-in-law; he might have been in office since 1247
1262–1272	Béla [6]	Béla IV Stephen V	"dux de Machou"; son of Rostislav; murdered in 1272
1272–1273	Roland [7]	Ladislaus IV	gens Rátót; first ban; also palatine (1272–1273)
1273	Egyed [7]	Ladislaus IV	first rule; gens Monoszló; also ban of Bosnia (1273)
1273	John [7]	Ladislaus IV
1273	Egyed [7]	Ladislaus IV	second rule; gens Monoszló; also ban of Bosnia (1273)
1275 (?)	Albert [7]	Ladislaus IV	gens Ákos; only a non-authentic charter refers to him as ban
1279	Ugrin [7]	Ladislaus IV	"banus et dominus"; gens Csák; also master of the treasury (1277–1279) and ban of Bosnia (1279)
1279–1284	Elizabeth the Cuman [7]	Ladislaus IV	"ducissa de Machou [et de Bozna]"; widow of king Stephen V
1284–1316	Stefan Dragutin [7]	Ladislaus IV Andrew III Wenceslaus Otto Charles I	vassal of the Hungarian monarch as king of Syrmia; formerly king of Serbia (1276–1282)
1316–1317	Stefan Vladislav II	Charles I	king of Syrmia
1317–1319	Stefan Milutin [8]		king of Serbia; Mačva under Serbian rule
1320–1328	Paul Garai [8]	Charles I	Hungarian rule restored in 1319; also ispán of Bodrog, Valkó (1320–1328) and Syrmia Counties (1323–1328); castellan of Kőszeg
1328–1334	John Alsáni [8]	Charles I	also ispán of Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó (1328–1334) and Bács Counties (1333–1334)
1335–1339	Nicholas Ostffy [8]	Charles I	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1340–1353	Dominic Ostffy [9]	Charles I Louis I	brother of Nicholas Ostffy; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Syrmia, Valkó and Veszprém Counties
1353–1354	Andrew Lackfi [9]	Louis I	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1354–1359	Nicholas Csák [9]	Louis I	son of Ugrin Csák
1359–1375	Nicholas I Garai [9]	Louis I	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1375–1381	John Horvat [9]	Louis I	first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1381–1382	Paul Liszkói [9]	Louis I	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1382–1385	Stephen Kórógyi [9]	Mary	first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1385–1386	John Horvat [9]	Mary Charles II	second rule; conspired against Mary; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties; self-declared ban and regent for anti-king Ladislaus of Naples until 1387
1386–1387	John Bánfi de Alsólendva [9]	Mary	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1387–1390	Nicholas II Garai [9]	Sigismund	first rule; son of Nicholas I Garai; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó (1387–1390) and Virovitica Counties (1388)
1390–1392	Stephen Losonci [9]	Sigismund	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó (1390–1392) and Bereg Counties (1391)
1392–1393	George Lackfi [9]	Sigismund	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1393–1394	Nicholas II Garai [10]	Sigismund	second rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1394–1397	Nicholas Treutel [10]	Sigismund	also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
	Stephen Kórógyi [10]		second rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1397	Peter Perényi [10]	Sigismund	first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Valkó and Zemplén Counties
	John Maróti [10]		first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1397–1400	Francis Bebek [10]	Sigismund	together with John Maróti (1398–1402); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1398–1402	John Maróti [10]	Sigismund	second rule; together with Francis Bebek (1397–1400) and with Peter Perényi (1400–1401); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1400–1401	Peter Perényi [10]	Sigismund	second rule; together with John Maróti (1398–1402); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1402	Stephen Ludányi [10]	Sigismund	together with his brother, Thomas Ludányi; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
	Thomas Ludányi [10]		first rule; together with his brother, Stephen Ludányi; also bishop of Eger (1400–1403); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia and Valkó Counties
1402–1403	Ladislaus Újlaki [10]	Sigismund	first rule; together with John Maróti (1402–1410); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1402–1410	John Maróti [10]	Sigismund	third rule; together with Ladislaus Újlaki (1402–1403); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1403	Thomas Ludányi [10]	Sigismund	second rule; also bishop of Eger (1400–1403); ban for anti-king Ladislaus of Naples
1410–1418	Ladislaus Újlaki [10]	Sigismund	second rule; together with his brother, Emeric Újlaki; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
	Emeric Újlaki [10]		together with his brother, Ladislaus Újlaki; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1419–1427	Desiderius Garai [11]	Sigismund	first rule; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1427–1428	John Maróti [11]	Sigismund	fourth rule; together with Peter Cseh de Léva (1427–1431); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1427–1431	Peter Cseh de Léva [11]	Sigismund	together with John Maróti (1427–1428) and with Stephen Újlaki (1429–1430); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bars, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1429–1430	Stephen Újlaki [11]	Sigismund	son of Ladislaus Újlaki; together with Peter Cseh de Léva (1427–1431); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1431–1441	Ladislaus Garai [11]	Sigismund Albert Vladislaus I Ladislaus V	first rule; son of Nicholas II Garai; together with Desiderius Garai (1431–1438); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Fejér, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties; as a supporter of Elizabeth of Luxembourg, deposed by Vladislaus I in 1441
1431–1438	Desiderius Garai [11]	Sigismund Albert	second rule; together with Ladislaus Garai (1431–1441); also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna and Valkó Counties
1438–1477	Nicholas of Ilok [11]	Albert Vladislaus I Ladislaus V Matthias I	first rule; son of Ladislaus of Ilok; together with Ladislaus Garai (1431–1441), with Ladislaus Maróti (1441–1443), with Emeric Hédervári (1442–1445), with Ladislaus Garai (1445–1447), with Stephen Bebek (1447–1448), with John Kórógyi (1447–1456), with Paul Herceg de Szekcső (1456), with Michael Szilágyi (1456–1458) et al.; also ispán of Bács, Baranya, Bodrog, Syrmia, Tolna, Valkó (1438–1458), Fejér (1440–1448), Csanád, Csongrád, Temes (1441–1446) and Somogy Counties (1446–1458); also voivode of Transylvania (1441–1458, 1459–1472) and captain of Belgrade (1441–1458), count of the Székelys (1441–1446), ban of Severin (1445–1446), ban of Slavonia (1457–1466) and king of Bosnia (1472–1477)
1441–1443	Ladislaus Maróti [11]	Vladislaus I Ladislaus V	son of John Maróti; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458); also ispán of Arad, Békés and Zaránd Counties
1442–1445	Emeric Hédervári [11]	Vladislaus I Ladislaus V	together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458) and with Ladislaus Maróti (1441–1443)
1445–1447	Ladislaus Garai [11]	Ladislaus V	second rule; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458); appointed palatine
1447–1448	Stephen Bebek [11]	Ladislaus V	together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458) and with John Kórógyi (1447–1456)
1447–1456	John Kórógyi [12]	Ladislaus V	grandson of Stephen Kórógyi; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458) and with Stephen Bebek (1447–1448); also župan of Požega (1450–1456) and Vrbas (1453–1456) Counties
1456	Paul Herceg de Szekcső [12]	Ladislaus V	together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458)
1456–1458	Michael Szilágyi [12]	Ladislaus V Matthias I	first rule; together with Nicholas of Ilok (1438–1458); also captain of Belgrade (1456–1458); regent in 1458
1458–1459	Nicholas Dombai [13]	Matthias I
	Peter Szokoli [13]		first rule

See also

• Mačva

References

1. Virgil Ciocîltan. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
2. Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc. Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század).
3. Momčilo Spremić, Despot Đurađ Branković i Mačvanska banovina, Beograd 2005, 92-94.
4. G.Fejer, Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis, t.X, v. VI, Budae 1844, 809-813.
5. T.Smiciklas, Codex diplomaticus regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae, III, Zagreb 1905, 305-306.
6. Zsoldos 2011, p. 50.
7. Zsoldos 2011, p. 51.
8. Engel 1996, p. 27.
9. Engel 1996, p. 28.
10. Engel 1996, p. 29.
11. Engel 1996, p. 30.
12. Engel 1996, p. 31.
13. Markó 2006, p. 446.

Sources

• Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. The University of Michigan Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• (in Hungarian) Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
• Fodor, Pál; Dávid, Géza, eds. (2000). Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest. BRILL.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• (in Hungarian) Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
• (in Hungarian) Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3

External links

• Map