American Renaissance

The American Renaissance was a period of American architecture and the arts from 1876 to 1917,[1] characterized by renewed national self-confidence and a feeling that the United States was the heir to Greek democracy, Roman law, and Renaissance humanism. The era spans the period between the Centennial Exposition (celebrating the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence) and the United States' entry into World War I.

This article is about the American Renaissance in architecture and the arts. For the use of the term in literary criticism, see American Renaissance (literature). For the white supremacist magazine and website, see American Renaissance (magazine).

American Renaissance painted decor: gilded stencilling on an olive green ground in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy in the Executive Office Building, 1879 (now the Vice President's Ceremonial Office)

Ennobled currency: the central vignette of the US$2 bill, Series 1896: Blashfield's Science presents Steam and Electricity to Commerce and Manufacture.

Characteristics

During the period of the American Renaissance, the United States' preoccupation with national identity (or New Nationalism) was expressed by modernism and technology, as well as academic classicism. It expressed its self-confidence in new technologies, such as the wire cables of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. It found its cultural outlets in Prairie School houses and in Beaux-Arts architecture and sculpture, in the "City Beautiful" movement, and in the creation of the American empire.[2] Americans felt that their civilization was uniquely the modern heir, and that it had come of age. Politically and economically, this era coincides with the Gilded Age and the New Imperialism.

The classical architecture of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893, was a demonstration that impressed Henry Adams, who wrote that people "would some day talk about Hunt and Richardson, La Farge and Saint-Gaudens, Burnham and McKim and Stanford White, when their politicians and millionaires were quite forgotten."[3]

In the dome of the reading room at the new Library of Congress, Edwin Blashfield's murals were on the given theme, The Evolution of Civilization.

The exhibition American Renaissance: 1876–1917 at the Brooklyn Museum, 1979, encouraged the revival of interest in this movement.

Notable examples

• Cuyahoga County Courthouse (1906–1912): the exterior includes sculpture by Karl Bitter, Daniel Chester French, Herbert Adams, Isidore Konti and Herman Matzen, while the interior contains murals by Frank Brangwyn, Violet Oakley, Charles Yardley Turner, Max Bohm and Frederick Wilson. A stained glass window was designed and executed by Frederick Wilson and Charles Schweinfurth.[4]

Notes

1. Wilson, Richard Guy, ‘’The American Renaissance: 1876–1917’’, The Brooklyn Museum 1979
2. Wilson, Richard Guy, ‘’The American Renaissance: 1876–1917’’, The Brooklyn Museum 1979 p. 15
3. "The Education of Henry Adams: Chapter XXII. Chicago (1893) by Henry Adams @ Classic Reader". www.classicreader.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2005-01-02.
4. "The Old Courthouse Painting Project - Cuyahoga County Department of Public Works". publicworks.cuyahogacounty.us.

References

• Howard Mumford Jones, "The Renaissance and American origins," Ideas in America 1945.
• Richard Guy Wilson, "The great civilization", forward essay to The American Renaissance 1876–1917. Exhibition catalogue, The Brooklyn Museum, 1979–1980.
• Henry Hope Reed, The Golden City, (New York: Norton Library) 1971, Ch. 3:"The American contribution" pp 62–98.

• Reynolds, David S. Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age of Emerson and Melville. New York: Knopf, 1988; rpt., New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.