Israel Smith

Israel Smith (April 4, 1759 – December 2, 1810) was an American lawyer and politician. He held a wide variety of positions in the state of Vermont, including as a member of the United States House of Representatives, a member of the United States Senate and Governor of Vermont.

For the leader of the RLDS Church, see Israel A. Smith.

Israel Smith
Silhouette of Israel Smith (only known likeness)
4th Governor of Vermont
In office October 9, 1807 – October 14, 1808
Lieutenant	Paul Brigham
Preceded by	Isaac Tichenor
Succeeded by	Isaac Tichenor
United States senator from Vermont
In office March 4, 1803 – October 1, 1807
Preceded by	Nathaniel Chipman
Succeeded by	Jonathan Robinson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 1st district
In office October 17, 1791 – March 3, 1797
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Matthew Lyon
In office March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1803
Preceded by	Matthew Lyon
Succeeded by	Gideon Olin
Personal details
Born	(1759-04-04)April 4, 1759 Suffield, Colony of Connecticut, British America
Died	December 2, 1810(1810-12-02) (aged 51) Rutland, Vermont, U.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican
Profession	lawyer / politician

Early life

Smith was born in Suffield in the Colony of Connecticut, where he spent his childhood. He studied at Yale University and graduated in 1781.[1] He studied law with his brother Noah Smith, and was admitted to the bar. He began his law practice in Rupert, Vermont.

He married Abiah Douglass (1767-1836), and they had two children, William (1785-1822) and Horace (1787-1790). After Israel Smith's death Abiah married Colonel William C. Harrington, who became an attorney in Burlington, Vermont.

Career

Smith began his political career in 1785 when he served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives. He served in the Vermont House again from 1788 to 1791. During this period, he was active in solving Vermont's boundary disputes with other states and served as a delegate to the Vermont Constitutional Convention, at which Vermont ratified the American Constitution. By 1790 Smith had moved to Rutland, Vermont.

When Vermont became a state in 1791, Smith ran for Vermont's seat in the United States House of Representatives. In a bitterly fought election between Smith, Matthew Lyon and Isaac Tichenor, Smith received second place, 35% of the vote in the first round, but won the runoff against Lyon. Smith represented Vermont's 1st District in the U.S. House from 1791 to 1797.[2] In 1792 and 1794, Lyon unsuccessfully ran against Smith, but in 1796 Smith was defeated by Lyon. By this time, Smith had become a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.[3]

In 1797, Smith again briefly served in the Vermont State House. He became Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1797,[4] but resigned the following year. In 1800, Smith was reelected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served until 1802.

In 1802, Smith was elected to the United States Senate from Vermont, and served in the Senate from 1803 to 1807. In 1807 he successfully ran against one of his old political rivals, Isaac Tichenor, for governor. Tichenor had served as governor for a decade. Smith resigned from the Senate and served as Governor of Vermont from 1807 to 1808, when he was defeated for reelection by Tichenor.[5] Smith served as Vermont's fourth Governor.

Death and legacy

After leaving the governorship, Smith moved back to Rutland, Vermont, where he retired from politics. He became ill and died in Rutland. He is interred at West Street Cemetery in Rutland.[1] His home in Rutland has been preserved.[6]

References

1. "SMITH, Israel, (1759 - 1810)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
2. "Sen. Israel Smith". govtrack.us. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
3. "Governor of Vermont". NNDB. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
4. "Vermont Justices of the Supreme Court" (PDF). Vermont State Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
5. "Vermont Governor Israel Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
6. "Israel Smith". Rutland Historical Society. Retrieved October 22, 2012.

External links

• United States Congress. "Israel Smith (id: S000557)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• National Governors Association
• Israel Smith at Find a Grave
• govtrack.us
• A Guide to the Papers of Vermont's Governors
• Rutland Historical Society
• Vermont: The Official State Website

Party political offices
Preceded by Moses Robinson	Democratic-Republican nominee for Governor of Vermont 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802	Succeeded by Jonathan Robinson
Preceded by Jonathan Robinson	Democratic-Republican nominee for Governor of Vermont 1806, 1807, 1808	Succeeded by Jonas Galusha
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by District created	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 1st congressional district 1791-1797	Succeeded by Matthew Lyon
Preceded by Matthew Lyon	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 1st congressional district 1801-1803	Succeeded by Gideon Olin
U.S. Senate
Preceded by Nathaniel Chipman	U.S. senator (Class 1) from Vermont 1803–1807 Served alongside: Stephen R. Bradley	Succeeded by Jonathan Robinson
Political offices
Preceded by Isaac Tichenor	Governor of Vermont 1807–1808	Succeeded by Isaac Tichenor