2012 Galician regional election

The 2012 Galician regional election was held on Sunday, 21 October 2012, to elect the 9th Parliament of the autonomous community of Galicia. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in the Basque Country.

2012 Galician regional election

21 October 2012
All 75 seats in the Parliament of Galicia 38 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered	2,697,717 1.9%
Turnout	1,481,379 (54.9%) 9.5 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Alberto Núñez Feijóo Pachi Vázquez Xosé Manuel Beiras Party PP PSdeG–PSOE AGE Leader since 15 January 2006 25 April 2009 7 September 2012 Leader's seat Pontevedra Ourense A Coruña Last election 38 seats, 46.7% 25 seats, 31.0% 0 seats, 1.0%[lower-alpha 1] Seats won 41 18 9 Seat change 3 7 9 Popular vote 661,281 297,584 200,828 Percentage 45.8% 20.6% 13.9% Swing 0.9 pp 10.4 pp 12.9 pp   Fourth party   Leader Francisco Jorquera Party BNG Leader since 29 January 2012 Leader's seat A Coruña Last election 12 seats, 16.0% Seats won 7 Seat change 5 Popular vote 146,027 Percentage 10.1% Swing 5.9 pp
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Galicia
President before election Alberto Núñez Feijóo PP Elected President Alberto Núñez Feijóo PP

President Alberto Núñez Feijóo announced the election following Lehendakari Patxi López's decision to schedule a Basque snap regional election for 21 October 2012.[1][2] The vote was seen as an electoral test on the economic policy of Mariano Rajoy's government, which had been elected at the 2011 Spanish general election and had undertook harsh spending cuts which had seen its popularity ratings plummet in opinion polls.[3] Feijóo aimed at securing reelection for a second term in office at the helm of the regional People's Party (PP), for which he needed the party to retain the absolute majority it commanded in parliament to prevent an alternative coalition being formed between the Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE) and the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG), similarly to the one in power in the 2005–2009 period.[4][5]

The election resulted in an increased majority for Feijóo, as support for both the PSdeG and BNG plunged amid internal party infighting and disillusion from left-from-centre voters.[6] The Galician Left Alternative (AGE) alliance, headed by former BNG leader Xosé Manuel Beiras and comprising United Left (EU) and Beiras's newly-created party Anova, obtained a surprise result with 200,000 votes and 14% of the share, scoring in third place regionally and displacing the PSdeG in second place in the cities of A Coruña, Ferrol and Santiago de Compostela.[7] The fragmentation of the left-wing vote and the high abstention rate—with slightly over 45% of the electorate not casting a ballot—favoured the PP enlarging its majority despite seeing a drop of over 100,000 ballots from 2009.[8]

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Galicia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Galicia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[9]

Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Galicia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Galicians abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[10] The 75 members of the Parliament of Galicia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra, with each being allocated an initial minimum of 10 seats and the remaining 35 being distributed in proportion to their populations.[9][11]

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[12]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Galicia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Journal of Galicia (DOG), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 1 March 2009, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 1 March 2013. The election decree was required to be published in the DOG no later than 5 February 2013, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Saturday, 6 April 2013.[9][11]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Galicia and call a snap election, provided that it did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous dissolution under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[13]

Speculation on the 2013 Galician election being held ahead of schedule emerged after opinion polls at the end of 2011—shortly after the 2011 Spanish general election which saw a landslide victory for the People's Party (PP) across Spain—pointed to an "historic absolute majority" for the party in the region.[14][15] In February 2012, Galician president Alberto Núñez Feijóo had ruled out a snap election "before the summer",[16][17] a decision that he reiterated after the Andalusian regional election on 25 March had seen the PP losing over 400,000 votes in comparison to the party's 2011 general election results in the region.[18] The media pointed out that Feijóo could be considering an autumn election instead,[19][20] in order to prevent further spending cuts from the national PP government under Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy from affecting his image,[21][22] On 21 August 2012, Lehendakari Patxi López's announcement of a snap Basque election for 21 October left Feijóo little room for an autumn election,[1][23] and one week later he called a snap election in Galicia to be held concurrently with the Basque poll.[2][24]

Background

The election was held amid a climate of falling popularity for the Mariano Rajoy's government, with the electoral campaign being focused on the austerity measures and spending cuts approved by the national PP government.[3] In July 2012, a €65 billion-worth spending cut and a VAT rise from 18% to 21% was introduced, with such measures being heavily criticised because they were a breach of key campaign promises made by the PP in the party's election manifesto.[25][26] The PP vote share had plummeted in national opinion polls from 40% to 34% as a result, raising fears within Núñez Feijóo's regional government on the possibility of losing their overall majority in the Galician regional election; this had seen an attempt to reform the regional electoral law by decreasing the size of the Parliament of Galicia from 75 to 61, under a seat apportionment that was seen as benefitting the PP's rural strongholds.[27][28] The reform did not come to pass as a result of the snap poll and a lack of consensus with opposition parties for its approval.[29]

The Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) had split following its 13th national assembly in January 2012 over dissatisfaction with the bloc's political line and the control exercised by the Galician People's Union (UPG).[30] Among the splitting forces were Xosé Manuel Beiras's Encontro Irmandiño (EI),[31] Nationalist Left (EN),[32] Máis Galiza (+G),[33] the Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party (PNG–PG),[34] the Galician Workers' Front (FOGA) and the Galician Socialist Space (ESG),[35] whereas Inzar and the Socialist Collective chose to dissolve.[36] The split parties would rally around a broad umbrella dubbed as the Novo Proxecto Común (English: "New Common Project"),[37] which would provide the basis for the emergence of two new political forces: EI and the FOGA would join other political forces—such as the Galician People's Front (FPG) and Movemento pola Base (MpB)—into the new Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova) party,[38][39] while EN would merge with +G, ESG, PNG–PG, Terra Galega, Espazo Ecosocialista Galego and Acción Galega into the newly-established Commitment to Galicia (CxG).[40][41]

Parliamentary status

The Parliament of Galicia was officially dissolved on 28 August 2012, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Journal of Galicia.[42] The table below shows the status of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.[43]

Parliamentary composition in August 2012

Parliamentary groups		Parties		Legislators
				Seats	Total
	People's of Galicia		PP	38	38
	Socialists of Galicia		PSdeG–PSOE	25	25
	Galician Nationalist Bloc		BNG	12	12

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[11][44]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Gov.	Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PP	List People's Party (PP)		Alberto Núñez Feijóo	Conservatism Christian democracy	46.68%	38	Y	[45]
	PSdeG– PSOE	List Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE)		Pachi Vázquez	Social democracy	31.02%	25	N	[46]
	BNG	List Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) – Galician People's Union (UPG) – Galician Movement for Socialism (MGS) – Abrente–Galician Democratic Left (Abrente–EDG)		Francisco Jorquera	Galician nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism	16.01%	12	N	[47]
	AGE	List Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova) – Irmandiño Meeting (EI) – Galician People's Front (FPG) – Movement for the Grassroots (MpB) – Galician Workers' Front (FOGA) United Left (EU) Equo (Equo) Galician Ecosocialist Space (EcoSoGal)		Xosé Manuel Beiras	Galician nationalism Democratic socialism	0.97%[lower-alpha 1]	0	N	[48] [49] [50] [51]

Election debates

2012 Galician regional election debates

Date	Organisers	Moderator(s)	P  Present[lower-alpha 2]    S  Surrogate[lower-alpha 3]    NI  Not invited   A  Absent invitee
			PP	PSdeG	BNG	Audience	Ref.
8 October	TVG	Marga Pazos	P Feijóo	P Vázquez	NI	31.3% (362,000)	[52] [53]
9 October	TVG	Marga Pazos	NI	P Vázquez	P Jorquera	19.5% (221,000)	[54] [55]
10 October	TVG	Marga Pazos	P Feijóo	NI	P Jorquera	24.9% (289.000)	[56]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Galicia.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls   Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout			BNG							Lead
2012 regional election	21 Oct 2012	N/A	54.9	45.8 41	20.6 18	10.1 7	1.5 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.0 0	13.9 9	1.1 0	25.2
Ipsos/CRTVG[p 1][p 2]	21 Oct 2012	20,467	?	44.2 39/42	? 18/20	? 7/8	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	? 8/10	–	?
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3]	16–19 Oct 2012	?	?	44.3 39	26.4 20	11.5 8	1.9 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.8 0	10.9 8	0.5 0	17.9
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3]	15–18 Oct 2012	?	?	46.1 40	25.2 20	11.6 8	1.4 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.2 0	10.2 7	0.5 0	20.9
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3]	14–17 Oct 2012	?	?	47.1 41	25.2 20	11.9 8	1.6 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.1 0	8.7 6	0.6 0	21.9
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3]	13–16 Oct 2012	?	?	47.7 40	25.1 21	11.7 9	1.5 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.4 0	8.4 5	0.6 0	22.6
ASCA/Galicia Diario[p 4]	15 Oct 2012	?	64	? 44	? 16/17	? 8/9	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	? 5/6	–	?
Infortécnica/Atlántico[p 5][p 6]	15 Oct 2012	?	?	? 36/38	? 20/22	? 12/14	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	? 0/1	? 2/4	? 0/1	?
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3]	12–15 Oct 2012	?	?	48.3 40	25.0 21	11.9 9	0.8 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.3 0	9.0 5	0.6 0	23.3
Ipsos/Faro de Vigo[p 7]	14 Oct 2012	1,400	62.7	46.4 37/41	25.8 22/24	13.3 9/11	2.5 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.7 0	4.3 3/4	1.0 0	20.6
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3]	11–14 Oct 2012	?	?	48.5 40	24.5 21	12.3 9	0.9 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.6 0	9.6 5	0.6 0	24.0
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 8]	10–13 Oct 2012	?	?	47.6 39	24.2 21	13.8 10	1.0 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.6 0	9.7 5	0.6 0	23.4
NC Report/La Razón[p 9]	1–13 Oct 2012	1,000	59.3	45.1 38/39	27.0 23	14.0 11	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	6.2 2/3	–	18.1
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 10]	9–12 Oct 2012	?	?	46.9 39	24.6 21	13.5 10	0.9 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.6 0	8.9 5	0.6 0	22.3
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 11]	8–11 Oct 2012	?	?	49.3 41	25.2 21	12.6 9	0.5 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.0 0	7.6 4	0.6 0	24.1
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 12]	8–11 Oct 2012	1,200	?	50.5 41/44	21.4 17/19	13.1 9	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	8.7 5/6	1.8	29.1
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 13]	7–10 Oct 2012	?	?	47.0 40	25.0 21	12.7 9	0.9 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.8 0	6.9 5	0.9 0	22.0
MyWord/Cadena SER[p 14][p 15]	3–10 Oct 2012	1,200	?	42.2 37/38	21.5 19/20	13.9 11/12	3.1 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.8 0	7.8 6/7	1.6 0	20.7
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 16]	6–9 Oct 2012	?	?	46.4 40	25.7 22	13.3 10	1.0 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.9 0	6.4 3	0.9 0	20.7
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 17]	5–8 Oct 2012	?	?	47.3 41	24.1 20	15.1 11	0.9 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.3 0	5.4 3	0.7 0	23.2
NC Report/La Razón[p 9]	7 Oct 2012	?	?	42.4	27.3	12.9	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	–	15.1
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 18]	4–7 Oct 2012	?	?	45.7 39	25.3 21	15.2 11	0.9 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	0.9 0	6.2 4	0.6 0	20.4
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 19]	3–6 Oct 2012	?	?	45.4 39	27.2 23	16.0 12	0.8 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.4 0	4.9 1	0.6 0	18.2
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 3][p 20]	2–5 Oct 2012	1,600	?	44.3 39	26.0 22	15.8 12	0.7 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.1 0	5.0 2	1.1 0	18.3
DYM/ABC[p 21]	1–4 Oct 2012	816	?	49.0 40/41	22.3 18/19	13.3 8	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	1.8 1	10.9 7	–	26.7
NC Report/La Razón[p 9]	30 Sep 2012	?	?	42.7	25.6	11.2	–	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	–	17.1
CIS[p 22][p 23]	8–25 Sep 2012	3,956	?	44.1 38	28.2 23/24	15.6 12/13	1.0 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	4.6 1	–	15.9
NC Report/La Razón[p 24]	23 Sep 2012	?	?	43.4 37/39	26.1 23/25	10.9 7/8	? 0/2	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	? 1/2	? 2/4	–	17.3
Low Cost/Libertad Digital[p 25]	17–23 Sep 2012	1,000	61.5	45.1 39	28.5 24	12.0 8	2.3 0	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	6.5 4	–	16.6
NC Report/La Razón[p 26]	16 Sep 2012	?	?	41.0 36/38	27.7 24/26	11.7 9/10	? 0/1	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	? 0	? 3	–	13.3
NC Report/La Razón[p 9]	9 Sep 2012	?	?	39.5 35/37	27.3 24/26	10.9 9/10	? 0/2	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	? 0	? 3	–	12.2
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 27]	31 Aug–5 Sep 2012	1,700	55.8	43.4 39	26.4 24	11.5 9	[lower-alpha 4]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	6.1 3	–	17.0
NC Report/La Razón[p 28]	28 Aug–1 Sep 2012	592	54.9	40.6 34/37	28.4 24/25	11.9 10	4.1 0/2	4.4 1/2	5.0 2	3.1 0	–	–	12.2
ASCA/Galicia Diario[p 29]	2 Jul 2012	?	?	? 35/36	? 23/24	? 7	? 0/1	? 1/2	? 7	[lower-alpha 5]	–	–	?
ASCA/Galicia Diario[p 30][p 31]	10 May 2012	?	?	? 36/38	? 23	? 7	? 0/1	? 0/1	? 7	[lower-alpha 5]	–	–	?
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 32]	12–14 Apr 2012	1,700	54.6	46.1 41	26.9 24	13.3 10	–	2.9 0	–	–	–	–	19.2
2011 general election	20 Nov 2011	N/A	62.2	52.5 44	27.8 23	11.2 8	1.2 0	4.1 0	–	–	–	–	24.7
2011 local elections	22 May 2011	N/A	69.5	44.9	26.0	16.5	0.4	1.9	–	–	–	–	18.9
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 33][p 34]	14–23 Feb 2011	3,600	65.3	48.8 42	25.9 21/22	15.1 11/12	–	–	–	–	–	–	22.9
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 35][p 36]	18–30 Nov 2010	3,600	68.8	48.7 40	27.1 23	14.9 12	–	–	–	–	–	–	21.6
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia[p 37][p 38]	19–27 Jan 2010	1,200	69.6	47.9 40	26.6 23	14.6 12	–	–	–	–	–	–	21.3
2009 EP election	7 Jun 2009	N/A	43.3	50.0 42	35.3 27	9.1 6	1.2 0	1.3 0	–	–	–	–	14.7
2009 regional election	1 Mar 2009	N/A	64.4	46.7 38	31.0 25	16.0 12	1.4 0	1.0 0	–	–	–	–	15.7

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 21 October 2012 Parliament of Galicia election results →

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	661,281	45.80	–0.88	41	+3
	Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE)	297,584	20.61	–10.41	18	–7
	Galician Left Alternative (United Left–Anova) (AGE)^1	200,828	13.91	+12.94	9	+9
	Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)	146,027	10.11	–5.90	7	–5
	Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)	21,335	1.48	+0.07	0	±0
	Blank Seats (EB)	17,141	1.19	New	0	±0
	Civil Society and Democracy (SCD)	15,990	1.11	New	0	±0
	Commitment to Galicia (CxG)^2	14,586	1.01	–0.10	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	8,041	0.56	New	0	±0
	Ourensan Democracy (DO)	4,245	0.29	+0.23	0	±0
	Land Party (PT)	3,131	0.22	New	0	±0
	Communists of Galicia (PCPE–CdG)	1,664	0.12	New	0	±0
	Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)	1,556	0.11	New	0	±0
	Pirates of Galicia (Pirata.gal)	1,551	0.11	New	0	±0
	Liberal Democratic Centre (CDL)	1,455	0.10	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	1,352	0.09	+0.05	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,340	0.09	+0.02	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	1,329	0.09	–0.12	0	±0
	Corunnan Union (UC)	1,172	0.08	New	0	±0
	XXI Convergence (C.XXI)	1,072	0.07	New	0	±0
	Hartos.org (Hartos.org)	868	0.06	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn)	489	0.03	+0.01	0	±0
	Let us Give the Change (DeC)	432	0.03	New	0	±0
	Social Democratic Party of Law (SDD)	412	0.03	+0.01	0	±0
	Centre Democratic Action of Galicia (ADCG)	360	0.02	New	0	±0
	Community Integration Party (PYC)	159	0.01	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		38,448	2.66	+1.00
Total		1,443,848			75	±0
Valid votes		1,443,848	97.47	–1.64
Invalid votes		37,531	2.53	+1.64
Votes cast / turnout		1,481,379	54.91	–9.52
Abstentions		1,216,338	45.09	+9.52
Registered voters		2,697,717
Sources[43][57]

Popular vote PP   45.80% PSdeG–PSOE   20.61% AGE   13.91% BNG   10.11% UPyD   1.48% EB   1.19% SCD   1.11% CxG   1.01% Others   2.12% Blank ballots   2.66%

Seats PP   54.67% PSdeG–PSOE   24.00% AGE   12.00% BNG   9.33%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	PP		PSdeG		AGE		BNG
	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
A Coruña	45.4	13	18.8	5	16.6	4	9.6	2
Lugo	51.5	9	22.7	4	10.3	1	8.7	1
Ourense	49.2	8	23.7	4	7.8	1	8.5	1
Pontevedra	42.8	11	20.8	5	14.4	3	11.9	3
Total	45.8	41	20.6	18	13.9	9	10.1	7
Sources[43][57]

Aftermath

Investiture Alberto Núñez Feijóo (PP)
Ballot →		29 November 2012
Required majority →		38 out of 75 Y
	Yes • PP (41)	41 / 75
	No • PSdeG (18) • AGE (9) • BNG (7)	34 / 75
	Abstentions	0 / 75
	Absentees	0 / 75
Sources[43]

Notes

1. Results for United Left in the 2009 election.
2. Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
3. Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
4. Within AGE.
5. Within Anova.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "Mayoría absoluta para el PP y entrada fortísima de Alternativa, según la encuesta de TVG". El Correo Gallego (in Spanish). 21 October 2012.
2. "Spanish exit polls: Sampling error or nonresponse bias?" (PDF). Revista Internacional de Sociología. 23 August 2016.
3. "Instituto Sondaxe. Tracking electoral" (PDF). Sondaxe (in Spanish). 21 October 2012.
4. "El PP camino de los 44 escaños (según ASCA)". Galicia Diario (in Spanish). 15 October 2012.
5. "Los indecisos dejan plenamente abierto el resultado de las elecciones del 21-O". Atlántico (in Spanish). 15 October 2012.
6. "Los indecisos y el cambio de voto dejan plenamente abierto el resultado del 21-O". La Región (in Spanish). 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
7. "El PP reforzará su mayoría absoluta y EU-Anova lograría hasta 4 escaños a costa de PSOE y BNG". Faro de Vigo (in Spanish). 14 October 2012.
8. "El PP refuerza su mayoría con 39 escaños y Alternativa Galega consigue cinco". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 15 October 2012.
9. "El PP consolida la mayoría absoluta". La Razón (in Spanish). 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
10. "AGE recupera el quinto escaño a costa del PP". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 14 October 2012.
11. "El PP amplía la ventaja hasta 41 escaños". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 13 October 2012.
12. "Feijóo, a las puertas de lograr una histórica victoria a pesar de la crisis". El Mundo (in Spanish). 14 October 2012.
13. "Alternativa Galega arrebata dos escaños a PSdeG y BNG y sube hasta cinco". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 12 October 2012.
14. "El PP ganará las elecciones en Galicia pero la mayoría absoluta está en el aire". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 15 October 2012.
15. "El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. Estudio preelectoral de Galicia (15/10/2012)" (PDF). MyWord (in Spanish). 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
16. "El PSdeG se recupera ligeramente y sube dos escaños". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 11 October 2012.
17. "El PP refuerza su mayoría absoluta y arranca sendos diputados a PSOE y Alternativa Galega". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 10 October 2012.
18. "Beiras sube tres escaños a costa de PSOE y BNG". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 9 October 2012.
19. "El PSdeG se recupera y Beiras pierde fuelle". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 7 October 2012.
20. "El PP refuerza su mayoría, el BNG resiste y Beiras logra dos escaños a costa del PSOE". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 6 October 2012.
21. "Feijóo podría aumentar su mayoría absoluta frente al descalabro del PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 7 October 2012.
22. "Preelectoral de Galicia. Elecciones autonómicas, 2012 (Estudio nº 2958. Septiembre 2012)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 5 October 2012.
23. "El PP revalidaría su mayoría en Galicia y el PNV volvería a ganar en Euskadi". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 October 2012.
24. "El PP se hace con la mayoría absoluta en Galicia". La Razón (in Spanish). 24 September 2012. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
25. "El PP consolidará su mayoría absoluta y podría llegar a 41 diputados". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 4 October 2012.
26. "El PP sigue al borde de repetir mayoría absoluta en Galicia". La Razón (in Spanish). 17 September 2012. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
27. "El PP reafirma su mayoría absoluta y la coalición de EU y Beiras apunta a 3 escaños". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 9 September 2012. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
28. "Feijóo podría perder el escaño de la mayoría absoluta". La Razón (in Spanish). 3 September 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
29. "Feijóo se aleja de la mayoría absoluta". Galicia Diario (in Spanish). 2 July 2012.
30. "La Xunta está en el aire". Galicia Diario (in Spanish). 10 May 2012.
31. "A maioría absoluta do PP non está clara, segundo un par de enquisas". El Progreso (in Galician). 14 May 2012.
32. "El PP lograría un escaño más en todas las provincias salvo en Pontevedra". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 29 April 2012.
33. "El PP afianza con 4 escaños más su mayoría a costa de un PSOE en declive". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
34. "Informe elecciones autonómicas. Barómetro estacional. Febrero 2011" (PDF). Sondaxe (in Spanish). 28 February 2011.
35. "El PP reforzaría su mayoría absoluta al arrebatar dos escaños al PSdeG". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
36. "Informe elecciones autonómicas. Barómetro estacional. Noviembre 2010" (PDF). Sondaxe (in Spanish). 13 December 2010.
37. "PP y PSOE aplauden el barómetro que da a Feijoo dos diputados más y a los socialistas el poder urbano". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 7 February 2010.
38. "Informe elecciones autonómicas. Barómetro estacional. Enero 2010" (PDF). Sondaxe (in Spanish). 7 February 2010.

Other

1. "Feijóo apura el plazo para decidir si convoca las elecciones el 21-O". El País (in Spanish). 26 August 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
2. "Feijóo justifica el adelanto electoral para "no crear más inestabilidad"". El País (in Spanish). 27 August 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
3. "Rajoy se examina de sus recortes en la campaña electoral del 21-O". El País (in Spanish). 5 October 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
4. "PSdeG y BNG hablan ya claramente de alcanzar un pacto de Gobierno". El Correo Gallego (in Spanish). 6 September 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
5. "Elecciones gallegas 2012: «Pachi» y Jorquera coinciden en su voluntad de reeditar el bipartito". ABC (in Spanish). 6 September 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
6. "Feijóo arrasa ante un PSOE hundido". El País (in Spanish). 21 October 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
7. "AGE se impone en las urbes coruñesas". El País (in Spanish). 22 October 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
8. "Feijóo pierde 100.000 votos pero avanza favorecido por la abstención". El País (in Spanish). 22 October 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
9. "Ley Orgánica 1/1981, de 6 de abril, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Galicia". Organic Law No. 1 of 6 April 1981. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
10. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
11. "Ley 8/1985, de 13 de agosto, de elecciones al Parlamento de Galicia". Law No. 2 of 13 August 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
12. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
13. "Ley 1/1983, de 22 de febrero, de normas reguladoras de la Xunta y su Presidencia". Law No. 1 of 22 February 1983. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
14. "Feijóo rechazó adelantar las elecciones a finales de 2011 pese a los buenos sondeos". El País (in Spanish). 21 May 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
15. "La sombra del desgaste en Euskadi y Galicia empaña la unidad del PP". El País (in Spanish). 3 June 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
16. "Feijóo asegura que no está "en su agenda" el adelanto de las autonómicas". El País (in Spanish). 1 February 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
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18. "Feijóo: "Lo de Andalucía no tiene que ver con los problemas de Galicia"". El País (in Spanish). 26 March 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
19. "La fecha de las elecciones". El País (in Spanish). 24 April 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
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21. "Génova apunta a elecciones en otoño". Faro de Vigo (in Spanish). 29 June 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
22. "Feijóo comunica hoy la fecha electoral tras cerrarla con los barones del partido". El País (in Spanish). 27 August 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
23. "Patxi López adelanta las elecciones vascas al 21 de octubre y critica el "torpedeo" de PP y PNV" (in Spanish). RTVE. 21 August 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
24. "Feijóo adelanta las elecciones gallegas para que coincidan con las vascas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 August 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
25. "El ajuste más duro de la democracia". El País (in Spanish). 11 July 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
26. "La subida del IVA hasta el 21% busca elevar la recaudación en 7.500 millones". El País (in Spanish). 11 July 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
27. "Feijóo fuerza un cambio legal para conservar su mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 24 July 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
28. "Feijóo aprobará en solitario la reducción de escaños que beneficia al PP". El País (in Spanish). 26 July 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
29. "La reforma electoral del PP dinamita todos los consensos parlamentarios". El País (in Spanish). 2 August 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
30. "El BNG presume de «unión» tras la mayor escisión y pérdida de voto de su historia". ABC (in Spanish). 14 May 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
31. "Beiras consuma la primera gran escisión del nacionalismo gallego". El País (in Spanish). 12 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
32. "La dirección de Esquerda Nacionalista acuerda su escisión del BNG". El Mundo (in Spanish). 11 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
33. "La portavoz parlamentaria del BNG asegura que las rupturas "terminaron"". El País (in Spanish). 12 March 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
34. "El PNG-PG abandona el BNG y analiza su integración en otro proyecto "galleguista"". El Mundo (in Spanish). 19 March 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
35. "Bascuas se presentará como candidato a liderar Máis Galiza si cuaja la escisión". El Mundo (in Spanish). 7 March 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
36. "Inzar se disuelve como colectivo interno del BNG". El Mundo (in Spanish). 27 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
37. "El proyecto de refundación del nacionalismo toma forma". El Mundo (in Spanish). 15 March 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
38. "La asamblea de Anova-Irmandade Nacionalista reaviva el debate de la independencia". El País (in Spanish). 14 July 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
39. "El Bloque saca pecho". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 27 July 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
40. "Esquerda Nacionalista "deja sus siglas" para trabajar en el "nuevo proyecto" para las próximas autonómicas" (in Spanish). Europa Press. 14 April 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
41. "Máis Galiza y otros dos grupos pactan "una nueva fuerza"". El País (in Spanish). 23 May 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
42. "Decreto 174/2012, del 27 de agosto, de disolución del Parlamento de Galicia y de convocatoria de elecciones" (PDF). Diario Oficial de Galicia (in Spanish) (163): 34164–34165. 28 August 2012. ISSN 1130-9229.
43. "Parliament of Galicia elections since 1981". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
44. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
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48. "Esquerda Unida cede a Beiras el número uno por A Coruña". El País (in Spanish). 7 September 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
49. "40 días para cambiar la otra izquierda". El País (in Spanish). 10 September 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
50. "El pacto de EU y Beiras será Alternativa Galega de Esquerda". El País (in Spanish). 11 September 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
51. "Anova y EU se reparten los cabezas de lista de las provincias". El País (in Spanish). 17 September 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
52. "El debate entre Feijóo y Pachi Vázquez alcanzó una audiencia del 31,3%". Faro de Vigo (in Spanish). 9 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
53. "Feijóo y Pachi Vázquez, cara a cara: así será el primer debate televisado en Galicia en 19 años" (in Spanish). 20 minutos. 8 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
54. "El debate Vázquez-Jorquera alcanzó un 19,5 % de audiencia". Faro de Vigo (in Spanish). 10 October 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
55. "Turno de debate para Pachi Vázquez y Jorquera, con Feijóo de nuevo en campaña". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 9 October 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
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