Gilbert Hitchcock

Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (September 18, 1859 – February 3, 1934) was an American congressman and U.S. Senator from Nebraska, and the founder of the Omaha World-Herald newspaper.[1]

Gilbert Hitchcock
Acting Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus
In office November 12, 1919 – April 27, 1920
Deputy	Peter G. Gerry
Preceded by	Thomas S. Martin
Succeeded by	Oscar Underwood (Senate Democratic Leader)
United States senator from Nebraska
In office March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1923
Preceded by	Elmer Burkett
Succeeded by	Robert B. Howell
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1911
Preceded by	John L. Kennedy
Succeeded by	Charles O. Lobeck
In office March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905
Preceded by	David Henry Mercer
Succeeded by	John L. Kennedy
Personal details
Born	Gilbert Monell Hitchcock (1859-09-18)September 18, 1859 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
Died	February 3, 1934(1934-02-03) (aged 74) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Forest Lawn Memorial Park
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Jessie Crounse ​ ( m. 1883; died 1925) Martha Harris ​ ( m. 1927; died 1962)
Relatives	Lorenzo Crounse (Father-in-law)
Education	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (LLB)

Life and career

Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Hitchcock was the son of U.S. Senator Phineas Warren Hitchcock of Nebraska. He attended the public schools of Omaha and the gymnasium at Baden-Baden, Germany. He graduated in 1881 from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity;[2] he was then admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Omaha in 1882. He continued the practice of law until 1885, when he established and edited the Omaha Evening World; four years later, he purchased the Nebraska Morning Herald and consolidated the two into the morning and evening editions of the Omaha World-Herald.[3]

In 1883 he married Jessie Crounse, the daughter of Nebraska Supreme Court justice and future governor Lorenzo Crounse.

In 1927 he married Martha Harris, of Memphis, TN.

His family had traditionally been Republicans, but Gilbert broke tradition and became a Democrat in response to agricultural issues and the leadership of fellow Nebraskan William Jennings Bryan.[4]

Hitchcock was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the Congress in 1898; four years later, he was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress. Hitchcock was elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1911).

He did not seek renomination in 1910, having become a candidate for the United States Senate. Hitchcock was elected as a Democrat to the Senate by the legislature on January 18, 1911; he was reelected (by direct election) in 1916 and served from March 4, 1911, to March 3, 1923. During his two terms, he was the chairman of the Committee on the Philippines (Sixty-third through Sixty-fifth Congresses), the Committee on Foreign Relations (a portion of the Sixty-fifth Congress), and the Committee on Forest Reservations and Game Protection (Sixty-sixth Congress). As Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leading advocate of the League of Nations [4] and the Treaty of Versailles.[5]

Hitchcock was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 and for election in 1930. After the end of his Senate service, he resumed newspaper work in Omaha. He retired from active business in 1933 and moved to Washington, D.C., where he died on February 3, 1934.[1] He was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Omaha. Gilbert M. Hitchcock Elementary School and Hitchcock Park in Omaha were named in his honor.[6]

The newspaper was then led by his son-in-law Henry Doorly, husband of Hitchcock's daughter Margaret.

Collections of Senator Hitchcock's papers are housed at the Library of Congress and Nebraska State Historical Society.[7][8]

See also

• Hitchcock Park
• Omaha World Herald
• Henry Doorly

References

1. "Nebraska Democrat dies in Washington". Kentucky New Era. Hopkinsville. Associated Press. February 3, 1934. p. 1.
2. Baird, William Raymond (1915). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, pp.349-355
3. Walter, Katherine. "Early Nebraska Journalists". Nebraska Newspapers. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
4. "Biography: Gilbert Monell Hitchcock". Retrieved 2009-10-15.
5. "Hitchcock, Gilbert Monell". Retrieved 2009-10-15.
6. "Omaha Public Schools". Archived from the original on 2009-03-23. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
7. "Gilbert M. Hitchcock papers, 1910-1935". Library of Congress.
8. "Gilbert Monell Hitchcock, 1859-1934 [RG3640.AM]". History Nebraska.

Further reading

• Ryley, Thomas W. Gilbert Hitchcock of Nebraska — Wilson's Floor Leader in the Fight for the Versailles Treaty. New York: The Edward *Mellen Press, 1998
• Patterson, Robert. “Gilbert M. Hitchcock: A Story of Two Careers.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, 1940
• Wimer, Kurt. “Senator Hitchcock and the League of Nations.” Nebraska History 44 (September 1963): 189-204.

External links

• United States Congress. "Gilbert Hitchcock (id: H000645)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Gilbert Hitchcock at Find a Grave

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by David Henry Mercer	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district 1903–1905	Succeeded by John L. Kennedy
Preceded by John L. Kennedy	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district 1907–1911	Succeeded by Charles O. Lobeck
U.S. Senate
Preceded by Elmer Burkett	U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Nebraska 1911–1923 Served alongside: Norris Brown, George W. Norris	Succeeded by Robert B. Howell
Preceded by Simon Guggenheim	Chair of the Senate Philippines Committee 1913–1918	Succeeded by John F. Shafroth
Preceded by William J. Stone	Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee 1918–1919	Succeeded by Henry Cabot Lodge
Preceded by George P. McLean	Chair of the Senate Forest Reservations Committee 1919–1921	Position abolished
Party political offices
First	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Nebraska (Class 1) 1918, 1922	Succeeded by Richard Lee Metcalfe
Preceded by Thomas S. Martin	Chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus (Acting) 1919–1920	Succeeded by Oscar Underwood as Senate Democratic Leader
Preceded by J. J. Thomas	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Nebraska 1930	Succeeded by Terry Carpenter