Boies Penrose

Boies Penrose (November 1, 1860 – December 31, 1921) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Boies Penrose
United States senator from Pennsylvania
In office March 4, 1897 – December 31, 1921
Preceded by	J. Donald Cameron
Succeeded by	George Pepper
Member of the Republican National Committee from Pennsylvania
In office May 18, 1916 – December 31, 1921
Preceded by	Henry Wasson
Succeeded by	George Pepper
In office June 9, 1904 – May 1, 1912
Preceded by	Matthew Quay
Succeeded by	Henry Wasson
Chairman of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania
In office May 27, 1903 – April 26, 1905
Preceded by	Matthew Quay
Succeeded by	Wesley Andrews
President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate
In office May 9, 1889 – May 28, 1891
Preceded by	John Grady
Succeeded by	John P. S. Gobin
Member of the Pennsylvania Senate from the 6th district
In office January 4, 1887 – January 27, 1897[1]
Preceded by	Robert Adams, Jr.
Succeeded by	Israel Wilson Durham
Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the Philadelphia County district
In office January 6, 1885[2] – June 12, 1885
Personal details
Born	(1860-11-01)November 1, 1860 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died	December 31, 1921(1921-12-31) (aged 61) Washington D.C.
Political party	Republican

After serving in both houses of the Pennsylvania legislature, he represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1897 until his death in 1921. Penrose was the fourth political boss of the Pennsylvania Republican political machine, following Simon Cameron, Donald Cameron, and Matthew Quay.[3]^:53 Penrose was the longest-serving Pennsylvania Senator until Arlen Specter surpassed his record in 2005.[4]

Early life

Born into a prominent Philadelphia family of Cornish descent,[5] he was brother to Richard, Spencer and Charles Bingham Penrose.

Penrose graduated second in his class from Harvard University in 1881. After reading the law with an established firm, he was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 1883.

State politics

Although Penrose wrote two books on political reform, he joined the political machine of Matthew Quay, a Pennsylvania Republican political boss.[6] He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1884, and was elected to the Pennsylvania Senate for the 6th district in 1886. He served as president pro tempore from 1889 to 1891.

Penrose served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1884 to 1886 and as a member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 6th district from 1887 to 1897. He was President Pro Tempore from 1889 to 1891.[7]

Penrose was elected Chairman of the State Republican Party in 1903, succeeding fellow Senator Matthew Quay.[8] A year later, Quay died, and Penrose was appointed to succeed him as the state's Republican National Committeeman.[9] He quickly became a power broker in the state, enabling figures like Richard Baldwin to advance through loyalty to his organization.[10]

In 1912, Penrose was forced out of power by the progressive faction of the party led by William Flinn, in 1912.[11] Penrose did not stand for re-election to his national committee post. However, following Flinn's departure from the party to support Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party, Penrose was able to garner enough support to return to his post as national committeeman and would remain in the position until his death.[12][13]

U.S. Senator

In 1897, the state legislature elected Penrose to the United States Senate over John Wanamaker. He left his office as a State Senator that year to take the new position.

Penrose was a dominant member of the Senate Finance Committee and supported high protective tariffs. He had also served on the United States Senate Committee on Banking, United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, United States Senate Committee on Education and Labor, and United States Senate Committee on Immigration.[14] One of Penrose's most important legislative actions was adding the "oil depletion allowance" to the Revenue Act of 1913.[3]^:42 Penrose consistently supported "pro-business" policies, and opposed labor reform and women's rights.[6]

In the 1912 presidential election, Penrose strongly supported incumbent President William Howard Taft over former President Theodore Roosevelt. After a campaign that consisted of heavy attacks on Penrose, Roosevelt won the state in the 1912 election, although Democrat Woodrow Wilson won the national vote.[15] Penrose was also a major supporter of Warren Harding, and helped the Ohio Senator win the 1920 Republican nomination.[16] Penrose's role in Harding's election helped earn Pennsylvanian Andrew W. Mellon the role of Secretary of the Treasury.[6]

In 1914, Penrose faced his first direct election (following the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment). He publicly campaigned for the first time in his life and defeated Democrat A. Mitchell Palmer and Progressive Gifford Pinchot.[6]

In November 1915, Penrose accompanied the Liberty Bell on its nationwide tour returning to Pennsylvania from the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco; Penrose accompanied the bell to New Orleans and then to Philadelphia. The Liberty Bell has not been moved from Pennsylvania since.[17]

Personal life and business

Penrose was an avid outdoorsman and took pleasure in mountain exploration and big-game hunting. Penrose climbed and named at least two mountains: one in Montana and another in the Dickson Range in the Bridge River Country of British Columbia.

The Senator was a large, heavy man and, according to his hunting guide, W.G. (Bill) Manson, they had to spend a lot of time to find a horse hop big enough to carry Penrose and his custom saddle. The horse was called "Senator." After Penrose stopped riding, the horse was retired to pasture because no standard saddle would fit him.

In 1903 Boies, along with his brothers and father, invested in the formation of the Utah Copper Company.[18]

Death and legacy

Boies Penrose tombstone in Laurel Hill Cemetery

Penrose died in his Wardman Park penthouse suite in Washington, D.C. in the last hour of 1921, after suffering a pulmonary thrombosis.[14] He was buried in the family grave section in the Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.[19]

Following Penrose's death, his lieutenant Joseph Grundy became one of the leaders of the Republican machine, but no one boss dominated the party like Penrose and his predecessors had.[16]

A statue of Penrose has been in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's Capitol Park since September 1930.[20]

Quotes

"Public office is the last refuge of a scoundrel." — Boies Penrose

"I believe in the division of labor. You send us to Congress; we pass laws under which you make money...and out of your profits, you further contribute to our campaign funds to send us back again to pass more laws to enable you to make more money." — Senator Boies Penrose (R-Pa.), 1896, citing the relationship between his politics and big business.

"All physical and economic tests that may be devised are worthless if the immigrant, through racial or other inherently antipathetic conditions, cannot be more or less readily assimilated..." — Boies Penrose, 1902, Chinese Exclusion and the Problem of Immigration

"Yes, but I'll preside over the ruins." — Boies Penrose's reply to a Republican Party reformer's accusation that Penrose was ruining the party's prospects for victory (and the reformer's chances for dominance over the party's apparatus) by putting up a slate of candidates who were stand-pat party hacks with no chance of winning.

"I would rather have seated beside me in this chamber a polygamist who doesn't polyg than a monogamist who doesn't monag." — Penrose speaking during hearings on whether to seat Utah-elected Senator Reed Smoot, who was a member of the [then-polygamous] LDS church, but who did not himself practice polygamy.[3]^:51

See also

• List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)

References

1. Cox, Harold (2004). "Pennsylvania Senate - 1897-1898" (PDF). Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
2. Sharon Trostle, ed. (2009). The Pennsylvania Manual (PDF). 119. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Department of General Services. ISBN 0-8182-0334-X.
3. Beers, Paul B. (1 November 2010). Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation. Penn State Press. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
4. Goldstein, Steve (1 November 2005). "Specter is Pa.'s longest-serving U.S. senator/ He breaks Boies Penrose's record". Philly.com. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
5. White, G. Pawley, A Handbook of Cornish Surnames. (Boies Penrose mentioned by name)
6. "Chapter Four: From the Progressive Era to the Great Depression". Explore PA History. WITF. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
7. "Pennsylvania State Senate - Boies Penrose Biography". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
8. "Quay's Push Cut The Ice". The Youngstown Vindicator. May 27, 1903. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
9. "News Summary". The Ottawa Free Trader. June 10, 1904. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
10. Earl C. Kaylor, Jr., Martin Grove Brumbaugh: A Pennsylvanian's Odyssey from Sainted Schoolman to Bedeviled World War I Governor, 1862-1930 (Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1996), p. 300.
11. "T.R. Sweep In Pennsylvania". The St. Joseph News-Press. May 2, 1912. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
12. "Ford Ahead Of T.R. In Philadelphia Vote". The Baltimore Sun. May 18, 1916. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
13. "Pinchot Hits Assessment Of Office Holders". The Reading Eagle. June 11, 1922. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
14. "Senator Boies Penrose Dead," Indianapolis Sunday Star, 1922-01-01 at p. 1, retrieved 2012-10-15.
15. Abernethy, Lloyd (April 1962). "The Progressive Campaign in Pennsylvania, 1912". Pennsylvania History. 29 (2): 175–195.
16. Kennedy, Joseph S. (26 October 2003). "Grundy's legacy in Pa. For decades, he was a force in the GOP". Philly.com. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
17. "Liberty Bell Attracts Crowd in Greenville During 1915 Stop". Greenville Advocate. July 3, 2007.
18. Charles Caldwell Hawley (2014). A Kennecott Story. The University of Utah Press. pp. 37–40.
19. "Boies Penrose". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
20. "Bronze Maintenance". cpc.state.pa.us. Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2009.

External links

• Works by or about Boies Penrose at Internet Archive

• United States Congress. "Boies Penrose (id: P000217)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

U.S. Senate
Preceded by J. Donald Cameron	U.S. senator (Class 3) from Pennsylvania 1897–1921 Served alongside: Matthew Quay, Philander Knox, George Oliver, William Crow	Succeeded by George Pepper
Political offices
Preceded by Nelson Aldrich Rhode Island	Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance 1911–1913	Succeeded by Furnifold Simmons North Carolina
Preceded by Furnifold Simmons North Carolina	Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance 1919–1921	Succeeded by Porter McCumber North Dakota
Preceded by John Grady	President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate 1889–1891	Succeeded by John P. S. Gobin
Pennsylvania State Senate
Preceded by Robert Adams, Jr.	Member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 6th District 1887–1897	Succeeded by Israel Wilson Durham
Party political offices
Preceded by Matthew Quay	Member of the Republican National Committee from Pennsylvania 1904–1912	Succeeded by Henry Wasson
	Chairman of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania 1903–1905	Succeeded by Wesley Andrews
Preceded by Henry Wasson	Member of the Republican National Committee from Pennsylvania 1916–1921	Succeeded by George Pepper
Preceded by None^1	Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (Class 3) 1914, 1920
Notes and references
1. The 1914 election marked the first time that all seats up for election were popularly elected instead of chosen by their state legislatures.