1849 in the United Kingdom
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Events from the year 1849 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Victoria
- Prime Minister – Lord John Russell (Whig)
- Parliament – 15th
Events
- 13 January – Second Anglo-Sikh War: British forces retreat from the Battle of Chillianwala.
- 22 January – Second Anglo-Sikh War: The city of Multan falls to the British East India Company following the Siege of Multan.
- February–May – shareholder enquiries into the conduct of railway financier George Hudson begin his downfall
- 1 February – abolition of the Corn Laws by the Importation Act 1846 comes fully into effect.
- 21 February – Second Anglo-Sikh War: Battle of Gujrat – British East India Company forces defeat those of the Sikh Empire in Punjab.
- 1 March – Nathaniel Cooke registers the design of the Staunton chess set, which is first marketed in September by Jaques of London with an endorsement by Howard Staunton.
- 3 March – the Arana-Southern Treaty with the Argentine Confederation ends British involvement in the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata.
- 30 March – the Second Anglo-Sikh War ends with the U.K. annexing the Punjab.
- 21 April – Great Famine (Ireland): 96 inmates of the overcrowded Ballinrobe Union Workhouse die over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high. This year's potato crop again fails and there are renewed outbreaks of cholera.[1]
- May – first exhibition of paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in London: John Everett Millais' Isabella and Holman Hunt's Rienzi at the Royal Academy summer exhibition, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Girlhood of Mary Virgin at the Free Exhibition on Hyde Park Corner.
- 19 May – Irishman William Hamilton arrested after shooting blank shots at Queen Victoria on Constitution Hill, London.[2]
- Summer – Karl Marx moves from Paris to London, where he will spend the remainder of his life.
- 2–12 August – Visit of Queen Victoria to Cork, Dublin and Belfast.[3]
- 9 August – "The Bermondsey Horror": Marie Manning and her husband, Frederick, murder Patrick O'Connor in London. On 13 November they are hanged together publicly by William Calcraft at Horsemonger Lane Gaol for the crime.[4]
- 13 December – foundation stone of Llandovery College is laid.
- 17 December – the customer, probably Edward Coke, collects the first bowler hat (devised by London hatmakers Thomas and William Bowler) from hatters Lock & Co. of St James's.[5]
Undated
- Navigation Acts repealed.[6]
- Two shilling coin (florin), depicting the Queen crowned, introduced, partly to test public opinion on possible decimalization of the currency.[7]
- Bedford College (London) founded by Elizabeth Jesser Reid as the Ladies College in Bedford Square, a non-sectarian higher education institution to provide a liberal female education.
- The drapers' store of Arthur & Fraser, predecessor of the House of Fraser, is established in Glasgow by Hugh Fraser and James Arthur.[8]
Ongoing
- The 1846–1860 cholera pandemic claims 52,000 lives in England and Wales between 1848 and 1850.
Publications
- Charlotte Brontë's novel Shirley (published as by Currer Bell).
- Thomas De Quincey's essay The English Mail-Coach (in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, October–December).
- Charles Dickens' novel David Copperfield begins serialisation (May).
- J. A. Froude’s controversial novel of religious doubt The Nemesis of Faith.[9][10][11]
- John Ruskin's essay The Seven Lamps of Architecture (May).
- Notes and Queries first published (November).
- Who's Who first published.
Births
- 13 February – Lord Randolph Churchill, statesman (died 1895)
- 22 May – Aston Webb, architect (died 1930)
- 11 July
- N. E. Brown, English plant taxonomist (died 1934)
- Rollo Russell, son to the serving Prime Minister (died 1914)
- 24 November – Frances Hodgson Burnett, author (died 1924)
- 29 November – John Ambrose Fleming, electrical engineer and inventor (died 1945)
Deaths
- 19 February – Bernard Barton, poet (born 1784)
- 22 May – Maria Edgeworth, novelist (born 1767)
- 25 May – Benjamin d'Urban, general and colonial administrator (born 1777)
- 28 May – Anne Brontë, author (born 1820)[12]
- 30 June – William Ward, cricketer (born 1787)
- 12 July – Horace Smith, author (born 1779)
- 6 September – Edward Stanley, Bishop of Norwich (born 1779)
- 2 December – Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen dowager of William IV (born 1792)
- 12 December – Marc Isambard Brunel, engineer (born 1769 in France)
gollark: Global economies would collapse, probably lots of countries would devolve into chaos out of fear of being the next target of... whoever killed all the Americans... and also 300 million people would die.
gollark: If you have a dictionary of 16384 reasonably distinct words, that's 14 bits per word, so your name can be a mere 5 words and globally unique.
gollark: 64 probably covers stuff enough.
gollark: 32 is not sufficient for the current world population.
gollark: This is simple and easy to remember.
See also
References
- Ross, David (2002). Ireland: History of a Nation (New ed.). New Lanark: Geddes & Grosset. p. 313. ISBN 1842051644.
- Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- Connolly, Sean (2008). "Queen Victoria in Ireland, August 1849". Irish History Live. Queen's University Belfast. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- Borowitz, Albert (1981). The Woman Who Murdered Black Satin: The Bermondsey Horror. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0-8142-0320-5.
- Bloxham, Andy (5 October 2010). "Bowler hat makes a comeback". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- Cates, William L. R. (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
- "The Story of the Florin or Two Shilling Piece". Blackpool: Chard. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- "House of Fraser archive project" (PDF).
- Paul, Herbert (1906). The Life of Froude. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 47–48.
- Willey, Basil (1956). "J. A. Froude". More Nineteenth Century Studies: a Group of Honest Doubters. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 131.
- Ashton, Rosemary (1989). "Doubting Clerics: From James Anthony Froude to Robert Elsmere via George Eliot". In Jasper & Wright (ed.). The Critical Spirit and the Will to Believe. New York: St. Martins. p. 76.
- "Anne Brontë | British author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
See also
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