List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent, displayed with their respective national flags, including the following entities:
- By association within the UN system:
- The 193 United Nations member states (UN).
- Vatican City (administered by the Holy See, a UN observer state), which has diplomatic relations with 183 countries as of 7 Jan 2019.[1]
- Palestine (a UN observer state), which has diplomatic relations with 138 countries as of 31 July 2019.[2]
- By Other States
- Generally this contains states with limited recognition and associated states not members of the United Nations
- Partially recognised de facto sovereign states without UN membership, such as the Republic of Kosovo and Taiwan (Republic of China)
- De facto sovereign states lacking general international recognition
- Cook Islands and Niue, two associated states of New Zealand without UN membership
- By Dependent Territories of other UN member states:
- Generally this contains non-sovereign territories that are recognized by the UN as part of some member state.
- Dependent territories.
- Special territories recognized by international treaty (such as the special administrative regions of China).
- Other territories often regarded as separate geographical territories even though they are integral parts of their mother countries (such as the overseas departments of France).
This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent continents. Variations on are noted below and discussed in the following articles: Continent, Boundaries between the continents of Earth, and List of transcontinental countries.
Legend
|
Legend "Membership within the UN System" column UN Member states
UN Observer states
Member of a UN Specialized Agency
Observer in a UN Specialized Agency
No membership in the UN System
Dependent Territory of UN member
|
Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column Undisputed sovereignty
Sovereignty disputed
|
Africa
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Africa: territories and regions.
Geologically, Africa is connected to Eurasia by the Isthmus of Suez and forms part of Afro-Eurasia.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 1] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 2] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 4] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Comoros is a federation of three islands.[lower-alpha 6] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast | |||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None |
Part of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory. |
| Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | |||
 | UN member state | None |
São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Somalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent. |
| Somaliland → Somaliland | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
South Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas.
|
 | UN member state | None |
Sudan is a federation of 18 states.
|
| Sudan, South → South Sudan | |||
| Swaziland → Eswatini | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Tanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.[lower-alpha 12] |
| The Gambia → Gambia, The | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
 | No membership | Claimed by Morocco |
Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 44 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. |
 | No membership | Claimed by Somalia |
A de facto independent state,[9][10][11][12][13] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[14] |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
 | Norwegian Dependent Territory | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | Claimed by Mauritius | |
 | French Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Australian External Territory | None | |
 | French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and Africa, classified as Southern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental country in Europe and Africa, classified as a Western European country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental country in Asia and Africa, classified as a Western Asian country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
Asia
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Asia: territories and regions.
Geologically, Asia is part of Eurasia and due to the Isthmus of Suez forms part of Afro-Eurasia.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 13] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 14] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 15] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
| Abkhazia → Abkhazia | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | Not recognised by Pakistan. |
Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.[15][16][17] |
| Artsakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan [lower-alpha 12] The de facto state of Artsakh has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Burma → Myanmar | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | Partially unrecognised. Claimed by the Republic of China |
China contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.[lower-alpha 12] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of: China claims, but does not control Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.[lower-alpha 17] China is not recognised by 15 UN member states and the Holy See, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise Taiwan instead.[lower-alpha 18] |
| China, Republic of → Taiwan | |||
 | UN member state | Not recognised by Turkey[18] |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus. |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[lower-alpha 12] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed. |
 | UN member state | None |
India is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories. |
 | UN member state | None |
Indonesia has five autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Iraq is a federation[lower-alpha 6][19] of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | Partially unrecognised |
Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,[20] an annexation not recognised by the international community.[21] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.[22][23][24][25][26] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, which enjoys majority recognition as sole representative of the Palestinian people, also does not recognise Israel. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | Claimed by South Korea |
North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, France, Japan, and South Korea, the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.[27] |
 | UN member state | Claimed by North Korea |
South Korea has one autonomous region, Jejudo.[lower-alpha 12][28] South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Wa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. |
| Nagorno-Karabakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Nepal is a federation composed of 7 provinces. |
| North Korea → Korea, North | |||
| Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[29][30] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[31][32] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper: Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[33][34][35] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.[34][36][37] |
 | UN observer state; member of 2 UN specialized agencies | Partially unrecognised. Disputed by Israel |
The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel and has received diplomatic recognition from 138 states.[38] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.[39] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[40] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[41] UNIDO, and an observer state in the UN. |
 | UN member state | None |
The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Republic of Korea → Korea, South | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| South Korea → Korea, South | |||
| South Ossetia → South Ossetia | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Rojava. |
| Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Timor-Leste → East Timor | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates. |
 | UN member state | None |
Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
 | No membership | Claimed by Georgia |
Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[42] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. |
 | No membership | Claimed by Azerbaijan |
A de facto independent state,[9][43][44] recognised only by Abkhazia,[45] South Ossetia[45] and Transnistria.[45][46] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[47] |
 | No membership | Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus |
Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[48] |
 | No membership | Claimed by Georgia |
A de facto independent state,[49] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[50] |
 | Former UN member (as Republic of China, 1945–1971) Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei" | Claimed by the People's Republic of China |
A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[51] The ROC is recognised by 14 UN member states and the Holy See as of 20 September 2019. All these states do not recognise the PRC either. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC. The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.[lower-alpha 17] The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership. The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations. |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| British Overseas Territory | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| British Overseas Territory | Claimed by Mauritius | |
 | Australian External Territory | None | |
_Islands.svg.png){kind=small} | Australian External Territory | None | |
 | PRC Special Administrative Region | None | |
 | PRC Special Administrative Region | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental country in Africa and Asia, classified as a Northern African country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as an Eastern European country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- States mostly or entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe, and a member of the Council of Europe:
- States with limited recognition, entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe:
- Entirely in Southeast Asia, but commonly associated with Oceania, and lying east of the biogeographical Wallace Line:
- Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as a Southern European country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental country in Asia and North America, classified as a Northern American country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
Europe
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Europe: political geography.
Geologically, Europe is part of Eurasia and due to the Isthmus of Suez forms part of Afro-Eurasia.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 23] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 24] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 25] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
| Abkhazia → Abkhazia | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[52] who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See. |
| UN member state | Not recognised by Pakistan. |
Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.[53][54][55] |
| Artsakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the European Union.[lower-alpha 3] Austria is a federation of nine states. |
| UN member state | None |
Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan [lower-alpha 12] The de facto state of Artsakh has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan. |
 | UN member state | None |
Belarus forms the Union State jointly with Russia. |
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions. |
 | UN member state | None |
Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities: and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.[57] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | Not recognised by Turkey[58] |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus. |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories: The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Danish Realm.[lower-alpha 27] The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.[59][60] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3]
|
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of: |
| UN member state | None |
Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[lower-alpha 12] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed. |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Germany is a federation of 16 states. |
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.[61] |
| Holy See → Vatican City | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[lower-alpha 12] |
| UN member state | None | |
| Kosovo → Kosovo | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| Macedonia → North Macedonia | |||
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria autonomous territorial unit. The latter is under the de facto control of Transnistria. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Nagorno-Karabakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy: The continental part of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other overseas territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the continental Netherlands.[lower-alpha 32] The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe. |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus | |||
| UN member state | None |
Norway has two unincorporated areas in Europe:
Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antartic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere: |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.[lower-alpha 12] |
| Pridnestrovie → Transnistria | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | None |
Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[lower-alpha 12] The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo. |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| South Ossetia → South Ossetia | |||
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 34] |
 | UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None |
Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons. |
| Transnistria → Transnistria | |||
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,[lower-alpha 12] however it is under the de facto control of Russia. |
| UN member state | None |
Former EU member in transition.[lower-alpha 35] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 36] consisting of four constituent countries; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:
The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies: |
 | UN observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA | None |
Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to 183 states. This figure consists of 180 UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine.[66] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[40] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
| No membership | Claimed by Georgia |
Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[42] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. |
| No membership | Claimed by Azerbaijan |
A de facto independent state,[9][67][68] recognised only by Abkhazia,[45] South Ossetia[45] and Transnistria.[45][46] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[69] |
 | Member of two UN specialized agencies | Claimed by Serbia |
Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[70] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 112 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 11 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo. |
| No membership | Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus |
Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[71] |
| No membership | Claimed by Georgia |
A de facto independent state,[72] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[50] |
.svg.png){kind=spacer} | No membership | Claimed by Moldova |
A de facto independent state,[9] recognised only by Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.[42] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit.[73] |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| British Overseas Territory | None | |
| Bailiwick of Guernsey → Guernsey, Bailiwick of | |||
| Bailiwick of Jersey → Jersey | |||
 | Danish Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Danish Constituent Country | None | |
 | Crown Dependency of the British Crown | None | |
 | Crown Dependency of the British Crown | None | |
| Norwegian Unincorporated Area | None | |
 | Crown Dependency of the British Crown | None | |
| Norwegian Unincorporated Area | None | |
 | Finnish Autonomous Region | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe, and a member of the Council of Europe:
- States with limited recognition, entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe:
North America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see North America: countries and territories.
Geologically, North America is joined with South America by the Isthmus of Panama to form the Americas.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 38] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 39] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 40] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 36] with one autonomous region, Barbuda.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None |
The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
 | UN member state | None |
Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
 | UN member state | None |
Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None |
Canada is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 36] and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None |
Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories: The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Danish Realm.[lower-alpha 42] The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.[76][77] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city. The Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities have de facto autonomy. |
 | UN member state | None |
Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 36] and is a federation[lower-alpha 6] of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis. |
 | UN member state | None |
Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
 | UN member state | None |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
| The Bahamas → Bahamas, The | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.[lower-alpha 12] |
| UN member state | None |
The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory. Additionally, the Federal government of the United States has sovereignty over 13 unincorporated territories. Of these territories, the following five are inhabited possessions: It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:
It also disputes sovereignty over the following two territories: Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:
|
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| French Overseas Minor Territory | None | |
| Commonwealth of Puerto Rico → Puerto Rico | |||
 | Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
| Danish Constituent Country | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
 | Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
 | Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
 | Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| Virgin Islands → British Virgin Islands | |||
| Virgin Islands of the United States → United States Virgin Islands | |||
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental countries in North America or South America (depending on the boundary definition), classified as South American countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and North America, classified as Western European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- States partially lying on the North American Plate, but commonly associated with Europe, and a member of the Council of Europe:
Oceania
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Oceania: territories and regions.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 43] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 44] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 45] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None |
Australia is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 36] and a federation of both states and territories. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one claimed Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are: |
| Cook Islands → Cook Islands | |||
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Fiji contains one autonomous region, Rotuma.[lower-alpha 12][78][79] |
| UN member state | None |
Indonesia has five autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. |
 | UN member state | None |
Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[lower-alpha 36] and has one dependent territory and one claimed Antartic dependent territory of: The Realm of New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states: The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 49 and 18 UN members respectively.[80][81][82] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[83] and are members of some UN specialized agencies. |
| Niue → Niue | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. |
 | UN member state | None |
Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 36] with one autonomous region, Bougainville.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 36] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
 | Member of eight UN specialized agencies | None (See political status) |
A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with 52 states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[83] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship. |
 | Member of five UN specialized agencies | None (See political status) |
A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with 20 states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[83] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship. |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| French Overseas Minor Territory | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands → Northern Mariana Islands | |||
| Australian External Territory | None | |
 | French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| French Overseas Territory | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
 | French Sui Generis Collectivity | None | |
 | Australian External Territory | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area[84][85] | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Dependent Territory of New Zealand | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental country in Asia and Oceania, classified as an Eastern Asian country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental country in Asia and Oceania, classified as a Southeastern Asian country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Entirely in Southeast Asia, but commonly associated with Oceania, and lying east of the biogeographical Wallace Line:
- Transcontinental country in North America and Oceania, classified as a Northern American country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental countries in Oceania and South America, classified as South American countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
South America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see South America: demographics.
Geologically, South America is joined with North America by the Isthmus of Panama to form the Americas.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 47] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 48] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 49] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
 | UN member state | None |
Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city.[lower-alpha 51] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None |
Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district. |
| UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None |
Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.[lower-alpha 12] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None |
Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one capital district, and federal dependencies. |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
| Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
| Norwegian Dependent Territory | None | |
| Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | Claimed by Argentina | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
| British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental country in North America and South America, classified as a Central American country by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental island countries and dependencies in South America or North America (depending on the boundary definition), classified as Caribbean countries and dependencies by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and South America, classified as Western European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
Antarctica
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:
- Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
- Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
- Chile: Chilean Antarctic Territory
- France: Adélie Land (part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
- New Zealand: Ross Dependency
- Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
- United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
- (Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)
The United States and Russia have reserved the right to claim territory on Antarctica.
Subantarctic islands
Unlike Antarctica itself, other nearby subantarctic island territories most commonly associated with the Antarctic continent, but lying north of 60°S, have had full sovereignty established over them by a governing state. The following dependent territories are situated within in the wider Antarctic Region, but are not directly part of the Antarctic Treaty System:
| Flag | Name | Status | Region | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bouvet Island | Dependent territory of Norway | Atlantic Ocean | — |
|
French Southern and Antarctic Lands | Overseas territory of France | Indian Ocean | Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands) Port-aux-Français (Kerguelen Islands) Martin-de-Viviès (Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands) |
|
Heard Island and McDonald Islands | External territory of Australia | Indian Ocean | — |
|
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Overseas territory of the United Kingdom | Atlantic Ocean | King Edward Point |
In addition to the dependent territories listed above, the following islands are governed as a direct part of a controlling state. Thus they are fully and legally integrated within the governance structure of the respective state. They are similarly also not part of the Antarctic Treaty System.
| Administering Country | Name | Status | Region | Subdivisions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Macquarie Island | Part of Tasmania. | Oceania | — |
|
New Zealand Subantarctic Islands | Governed directly, not within local municipal structure. | Oceania | The Antipodes Islands, the Auckland Islands, the Bounty Islands, the Campbell Islands, and the Snares Islands. |
|
Prince Edward Islands | Part of the City of Cape Town. | Africa | Prince Edward Island and Marion Island. |
See also
- Boundaries between the continents of Earth
- Continental union
- Gallery of dependent territory flags
- Gallery of sovereign state flags
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent (data file) — this data in a plain text format suitable for automated processing
- List of transcontinental countries
Notes
- This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 27 member states.[56]
- Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- The government of Cape Verde declared "Cabo Verde" to be the official English name of the country in 2013.[4]
- More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.[5]
- Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
- Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
- Formerly referred to as the Kingdom of Swaziland, its official name until 2018.
- Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
- The government of Ivory Coast uses "Côte d'Ivoire" as the official English name of the country.
- For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.[74]
- This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, or by another alternative name.
- In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC. In the view of the United Nations, no member of the organisation withdrew as a consequence of this but the ROC representatives declared that they were withdrawing. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
- See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.
- The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.
- The country's official name of Myanmar, adopted in 1989, has been mixed and controversial, with the former name Burma still being used in many cases. See Names of Myanmar.
- Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.
- Formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, its official name from 1991 to 2017
- This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "Czechia". This variant remains uncommon, but has been adopted by several companies and organisations. See Name of the Czech Republic.
- The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).
- Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
- France's claimed Antartic territory of Adélie Land (Terre Adélie) is one of five constiuent districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
- While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"[62][63] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply "Iceland".[64] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland". However, note that in this usage "republic" is not capitalised.
- "Ireland" is the official name of the country in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland, however, this is officially deprecated.[65] See names of the Irish state.
- The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to the continental Netherlands or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).
- Formerly known constitutionally as the Republic of Macedonia from 1991 to 2019 and under the international designation of "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (FYROM) from 1993 to 2019 due to the Macedonia naming dispute with Greece. Following the Prespa agreement going into effect in February 2019, the country was renamed to North Macedonia.
- Spain holds several small overseas territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, known as the Plazas de soberanía.
- The UK formally withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. The state is currently in a provisional transition period out of the supranational union till 31 December 2020, see Brexit, Post-Brexit relations.
- Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.
- Formerly known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, its official name from 1991 to 2017
- This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
- The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations).
- This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the official English name of the country.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[3] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
- Argentina's claimed Antartic territory of Argentine Antarctica (Antártida Argentina) is one of five constiuent departments of the province Tierra del Fuego.
- Chile's claimed Antartic territory of the Chilean Antarctic (Antártica Chilena) is a commune of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes Region.
References
- https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2019/01/07/190107a.html
- http://palestineun.org/about-palestine/diplomatic-relations/
- Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006). "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
- Tanya Basu (14 December 2013). "Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
- "The Gambia profile". BBC News. 14 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- "Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei". UNmissions.org. 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- "Abyei Administration Area Changes Name". Gurtong.net. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780199698394. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.
- Kreuter, Aaron (2010). "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession" (PDF). Minnesota Journal of International Law. University of Minnesota Law School. 19:2: 380–381. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.
- International Crisis Group (23 May 2006). "Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership" (PDF). The Africa Report. Groupe Jeune Afrique (110): 10–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- Mesfin, Berouk (September 2009). "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). ISS Paper. Institute for Security Studies (200): 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- Arieff, Alexis. "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF). Yale Journal of International Affairs. International Affairs Council at Yale (Spring/Summer 2008): 1–79. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- "Somaliland profile". BBC News. 14 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- "Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan" (PDF). Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2009.
- Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
- "Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.
- Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.
- Iraqi constitution Archived 18 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive
- "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel". www.knesset.gov.il. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- "Disputes: International". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- Gold, Dore; Institute for Contemporary Affairs (26 August 2005). "Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008). "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- "Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. 22 January 2008. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005). "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status". University of Virginia School of Law. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation". Human Rights Watch. 29 October 2004. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". Archived from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- Keun Min. "Greetings". Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
- Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part..." Outlook India. The Outlook Group. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-275-96934-9.
- Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-81-261-1091-9.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- "AJ&K History". Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- Lansford, Tom (2014-04-08). Political Handbook of the World 2014. ISBN 9781483333281. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- "The Azad Jammu And Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- Palestine Liberation Organization. "Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission". Negotiations Affairs Department. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
- See the following on statehood criteria:
- Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010). "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute" (PDF). pp. 28, 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".
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We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.
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Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.
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External links
- UN List of Territories
- CIA – The World Factbook
- U.S. Department of State: Background notes
- European Commission: List of countries, territories and currencies
- Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")
- World Gazetteer at Archive.today (archived 2012-12-04)
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