Wuppertal

Wuppertal (German pronunciation: [ˈvʊpɐtaːl] (listen)) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in and around the Wupper valley, east of Düsseldorf and south of the Ruhr. With a population of approximately 350,000, it is the largest city in the Bergisches Land. Wuppertal is known for its steep slopes, its woods and parks, and its suspension railway, the Wuppertal Schwebebahn. It is the greenest city of Germany, with two-thirds green space of the total municipal area. From any part of the city, it is only a ten-minute walk to one of the public parks or woodland paths.

For the village in South Africa, see Wupperthal.
Wuppertal
2004 view of Wuppertal
Flag
Coat of arms
Wuppertal within North Rhine-Westphalia
Wuppertal
Wuppertal
Coordinates: 51°16′0″N 07°11′0″E
CountryGermany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. regionDüsseldorf
DistrictUrban district
Government
 • Lord MayorAndreas Mucke (SPD)
 • Governing partiesSPD
Area
 • City168.41 km2 (65.02 sq mi)
Highest elevation
350 m (1,150 ft)
Lowest elevation
100 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[1]
 • City354,382
 • Density2,100/km2 (5,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
608,000 (Bergisches Dreieck)
 • Metro
11,300,000 (Rhein-Ruhr)
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
42001-42399
Dialling codes0202
Vehicle registrationW
Websitewuppertal.de
The center of Wuppertal-Elberfeld, north of the main station in 2019
The Schwebebahn floating tram in Wuppertal-Barmen
Sankt Laurentius church in Wuppertal
The Schwebebahn in Wuppertal-Elberfeld
Concert Hall (Stadthalle) Wuppertal
Engels House (Historisches Zentrum)
Wuppertal-Beyenburg
Wuppertal University

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Wupper valley was one of the largest industrial regions of continental Europe. The increasing demand for coal from the textile mills and blacksmith shops encouraged the expansion of the nearby Ruhrgebiet. Wuppertal still is a major industrial centre, being home to industries such as textiles, metallurgy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, automobiles, rubber, vehicles and printing equipment.

Aspirin originates from Wuppertal, patented in 1897 by Bayer, as does the Vorwerk-Kobold vacuum cleaner.[2][3]

The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy and the European Institute for International Economic Relations are located in the city.[4]

History
Population development

Wuppertal in its present borders was formed in 1929 by merging the industrial cities of Barmen and Elberfeld with the communities Vohwinkel, Ronsdorf, Cronenberg, Langerfeld and Beyenburg. The initial name Barmen-Elberfeld was changed in a 1930 referendum to Wuppertal ("Wupper Valley"). The new city was administered as part of the Prussian Rhine Province.

Uniquely for Germany, it is a "linear city", owing to the steep hillsides along the river Wupper. Its highest hill is the Lichtscheid, which is 351 metres above sea level. The dominant urban centres Elberfeld (historic commercial centre) and Barmen (more industrial) have formed a continuous urbanized area since 1850. During the succeeding decades, "Wupper-Town" became the dominant industrial agglomeration of northwestern Germany. During the 20th century, this conurbation had been surpassed by Cologne, Düsseldorf and the Ruhr area, all with a more favourable topography.

From July 5, 1933 to January 19, 1934, the Kemna concentration camp was established in Wuppertal. It was one of the early Nazi concentration camps, created by the Third Reich to incarcerate their political opponents after the Nazi Party first gained power in 1933. The camp was established in a former factory on the Wupper in the Kemna neighborhood of the Barmen part of Wuppertal. Wuppertal is famous as an important place of resistance in Germany. The Barmen Declaration or the Theological Declaration of Barmen was a document adopted by Christians in Nazi Germany who opposed the Deutsche Christen philosophy. In the opinion of the delegates to the Synod that met in Wuppertal-Barmen in May 1934, the German Christians had corrupted church government by making it subservient to the state and had introduced Nazi ideology into the German Protestant churches that contradicted the Christian gospel.

During World War II, about 40% of buildings in the city were destroyed by Allied bombing, as were many other German cities and industrial centres (see Bombing of Wuppertal in World War II). However, a large number of historic sites have been preserved, such as:

  • Ölberg, literally "Oil mountain", Germany's largest original working class district, is protected as a historic monument. The name came about during the 1920s as the district continued using oil lamps while the surrounding bourgeois residential quarters were electrified. In traditional use, the name "Ölberg" refers to the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.
  • Brill is one of Germany's largest districts of Gründerzeit villas, i.e. middle class mansions built by industrial entrepreneurs during the second half of the 19th century.

The US 78th Infantry Division under Major General Edwin P. Parker Jr. captured Wuppertal against scant resistance on April 16, 1945.[5] Wuppertal became a part of the British Zone of Occupation, and subsequently part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia in West Germany.

Population development since 1929:

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1929414,951—    
1933408,602−1.5%
1939401,672−1.7%
1946325,846−18.9%
1950363,224+11.5%
1956406,225+11.8%
1961420,711+3.6%
1970418,454−0.5%
1987365,662−12.6%
2011342,661−6.3%
2018354,382+3.4%
source:[6]

Largest groups of foreign residents by 31.12.2017

 Turkey11,575
 Syria7,415
 Italy6,870
 Greece6,130
 Poland5,870

Main sights

In total, Wuppertal possesses over 4,500 buildings classified as national monuments, most exemplifying styles such as Neoclassicism, Eclecticism, Historicism, Art Nouveau/Jugendstil and Bauhaus. The American TV station CNN recommends Wuppertal as one of 20 places worldwide to visit in the year 2020 because of the Schwebebahn, the architectural diversity and the Nordbahntrasse, a 22-kilometre (14 mi) cycle route across the city 2020 [7]

Main sights include:

  • Schwebebahn or floating tram. One of the city’s greatest attractions is the globally unique suspended monorail Wuppertaler Schwebebahn, which was established in 1901. The tracks are 8 m (26 ft) above the streets and 12 m (40 ft) above the Wupper. In 1950, a young elephant named Tuffi was forced to ride the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (monorail), as a promotion for the Althoff Circus. The swinging tram upset the elephant, and she trumpeted, charged, and plummeted 12 m (40 ft) into the river below. Tuffi suffered minor injuries; she lived until 1989. In 1999, the Schwebebahn had its thus far only fatal accident.
  • Wuppertaler Schwebebahn Kaiserwagen A guided tour of the suspension railway in a special tram.
  • Wuppertal Opera (Opernhaus Wuppertal).
  • Concerthall Stadthalle , a fine piece of turn-of-the-century architecture with outstanding acoustics. Home of the Wuppertal Symphony Orchestra (Sinfonieorchester Wuppertal) (Stadthalle).
  • Wuppertal Dance Theatre (Tanztheater Wuppertal), a world-famous centre of modern dance founded by the choreographer Pina Bausch.
  • Engels' house (Engels-Haus), 18th century-architecturally typical of the region, it houses a permanent display of materials associated with the co-founder of modern Communism, Friedrich Engels.
  • Wuppertal Zoo, a large, nicely landscaped zoo.
  • Botanischer Garten Wuppertal, a municipal botanical garden.
  • Arboretum Burgholz, an extensive arboretum.
  • Von der Heydt Museum is an important art gallery with works from the 17th century to the present time. The first of Picasso's works that ever appeared in public was displayed here.
  • Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden, a sculpture park with exhibition hall, founded by sculptor Tony Cragg.

Wuppertal in the arts
  • In the 1974 Wim Wenders movie Alice in the Cities, the main characters visit Wuppertal.
  • Part of the action of Le Feu de Wotan (1984) of the comic book Yoko Tsuno series by Roger Leloup take place in Wuppertal and its Schwebebahn.
  • The play Die Wupper by Else Lasker-Schüler is set in Elberfeld.
  • The 2000 movie The Princess and the Warrior, by Tom Tykwer, was filmed in Wuppertal.
  • The 2001 movie No Regrets (Nichts Bereuen), by Benjamin Quabeck, was filmed in Wuppertal.
  • In the 2011 movie Pina, several of the dance sequences take place in and around Wuppertal. In several sequences, the elevated tram is used as a setting, as well as a backdrop.

Notable people from Wuppertal
Friedrich Bayer 1863
Friedrich Engels
Else Lasker-Schüler 1875
Federal President Johannes Rau in 2004
Stephan Albert Einsteyn-Rößler  (1967-2001), Scientist, Developer of the Gravitation Field Engine and first timemachine the Microsoft NCL Core 1701, Rescue Specialist and CIA Vice Director, Analyst, Profiler, Died at September, 11th 2001 as Chief of the NYC Firebrigade Rescue 911 Team 14.12 in the twin towers Ground Zero Manhattan. Last grandchild of Albert Einsteyn, human rights activist and founder of the Microsoft Foundation with Bill Gates. personal friend of Michael and Dr. Daniel Jackson.Accept

Sports

Association football

In football, Wuppertal's most popular club is Wuppertaler SV who currently play in the Regionalliga West, the fourth tier of the German football league system. Playing their home games at the city's Stadion am Zoo, the club, which enjoyed its last season in a nationwide division during the 2009–10 season, looks back on a rich and eventful history since its establishment as the result of a 1954 merger between the two main Wuppertal clubs SSV 04 Wuppertal and TSG Vohwinkel 80. The club spent a total of seven seasons in the top flight of German football, three of which in the Bundesliga, which they were promoted to during 1972. In their first season in the nationwide first division, the club reached a remarkable fourth place and qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first and only time in its history. After a first-round defeat by Polish side Ruch Chorzów and another two widely unsuccessful Bundesliga campaigns, the club disappeared from the top flight again, though, and has yet to return.

During 2004, the club merged with local rivals SV Borussia Wuppertal to form Wuppertaler SV Borussia, though the name change remained the only visible attribute of the merger with the club's colours and crest remaining unaltered. The additional "Borussia" was scrapped again during 2013 due to fans' demand amidst a change of leadership which was brought about to lead the club through necessary insolvency proceedings which have been completed as of September 2014.

Another noteworthy Wuppertal football club is Cronenberger SC from the district of Cronenberg. Their greatest success to date is reaching the 1952 German amateur football championship final which they lost 5–2 against VfR Schwenningen. Today, they play one tier below WSV in the Oberliga Nordrhein.

Famous players include Günter Pröpper who scored 39 of WSV's 136 Bundesliga goals and West Germany international Horst Szymaniak, as well as Cronenberg's Herbert Jäger who represented Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki during his stay with the club.

Team handball

In handball, Wuppertal's most successful team is Bergischer HC, playing in the top-tier Handball-Bundesliga which they were promoted to for the second time during 2013, reaching 15th place during the 2013–14 campaign and therefore staying among the top scorers for a second consecutive season. BHC originates from a 2006 cooperation between the management, squad and main sponsor of LTV Wuppertal and rivals SG Solingen from the nearby city of the same name. The club advertises itself as a representative of the entire Bergisches Land region. The team plays its home games at both Wuppertal's Uni-Halle (3,200 seats) and Solingen's Klingenhalle (2,600 seats).

Wuppertal's past most successful club are the aforementioned LTV Wuppertal. LTV spent most of their seasons in the second and third tiers, before they merged with Wuppertaler SV's handball section in 1996 to form HSG LTV/WSV Wuppertal. The handball combination was promoted to the Bundesliga after its inaugural season, finishing 8th before dissolving again in 1998. However, the mere departure of Wuppertaler SV still allowed LTV Wuppertal, whose professional team were renamed HC Wuppertal, to play another three seasons in the Bundesliga before returning to the 2nd division and re-introducing its old name. After the establishment of BHC in 2006, LTV lost its financial base and was relegated several times, currently playing in the fifth-tier Verbandsliga.

Volleyball

In volleyball, SV Bayer Wuppertal was one of Germany's leading men's teams for many years during the 1990s and 2000s. The team was part of the well-known mass-sports club originating in Leverkusen and was promoted to the Bundesliga in 1978. Reacting to low attendances, the eponymous Bayer AG decided to relocate the volleyball team to Wuppertal in 1992, where there also was a Bayer-funded club. After the move, the club won various titles, including the German championship in 1994 and 1997 and the German Cup in 1995. In addition to that, they finished runners-up to Greek side Olympiacos S.C. in the 1995-96 European Cup Winners' Cup, losing the final in five sets.

After the wide-reaching retreat of Bayer AG from less popular professional sport during 2008, the club acquired the name Wuppertal Titans and later A!B!C Titans Berg. Land. However, the loss of their main sponsor eventually resulted in the team having to terminate during 2012. Presently, they once more play by the name of Bayer Wuppertal in the third-tier Regionalliga, unable to promote with their current financial set-up.

Basketball

Perhaps one of the most successful Wuppertal sports clubs was the women's basketball team of Barmer TV (known as BTV Wuppertal between 1994 and 2000, BTV Gold-Zack Wuppertal between 2000 and 2002 and Wuppertal Wings internationally). An 11-time German champion and 12-time German Cup winner, they won a remarkable ten consecutive doubles between 1993 and 2002. During 1996, they even won the European Cup as the first and so far only German side, beating Italy's SFT Como in the final. A year later, they narrowly missed out on back-to-back trebles, losing to French side CJM Bourges in the newly christened EuroLeague's final.

In 2002, the club withdrew from the Bundesliga due to financial troubles, their then-main sponsor Gold-Zack Werke filing for insolvency a year later. After a decade-long stay in amateur divisions, Barmer TV returned to the second-tier 2nd Bundesliga North in 2014.

Wuppertal co-hosted the 1998 FIBA World Championship for Women as one of seven host cities.

Roller hockey

In roller hockey (also known as rink hockey), Wuppertal club RSC Cronenberg are one of the most successful German teams, having won the German championship and the German Cup in both men's and women's competitions. In total, the men won 13 German championships and nine cups, the women ten championships and nine cups. Both teams play their home games at Alfred-Henckels-Halle.

Wuppertal hosted several international tournaments, including the World Championship in 1997 (men) and 2004 (women) and the European Championship in 1992, 2010 (men) and 2011 (women).

Education
Junior Uni Campus, designet 2013 by the Wuppertal Architects Goedeking& Niedworok

Four institutions of higher education are in Wuppertal.

The privately financed Junior Uni is a unique German initiative to educate youth from the age of 4 to 18 in science outside the school program.[8]

Transport

Railways
Central Station

Wuppertal is well connected to the rail network. The town lies on the Cologne–Hagen and the Düsseldorf–Hagen railway lines, and is a stop for long-distance traffic. The central station is located in the district of Elberfeld. Regionalbahn trains and some Regional-Express trains also stop at Oberbarmen, Barmen, Ronsdorf and Vohwinkel. There are also S-Bahn stations in Langerfeld, Unterbarmen, Steinbeck, Zoologischer Garten and Sonnborn.

The rail services that operate on the mainline through the valley are the RE 4 (Wupper-Express), RE 7 (Rhein-Münsterland-Express), RE 13 (Maas-Wupper-Express), RB 48 (Rhein-Wupper Bahn) and four Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn services: the S 7, S 8, S 9 and S 68 (peak hours only). Every 30 minutes, it is served by a long-distance (Intercity-Express, InterCity, EuroCity or City Night Line) service in each direction.

With the exception of the line from Wuppertal to Solingen (operated as the S 7) and the Prince William Railway to Essen (now S-Bahn line S 9), all of the branch lines connecting to main line in the city of Wuppertal are now closed. This includes, among others, the Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway (the Wuppertaler Nordbahn), the Burgholz Railway, the Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen–Hattingen railway, the Wupper Valley Railway and the Corkscrew Railway. Thus, there were once 31 stations in the Wuppertal area, including nine stations on the mainline. Nowadays only ten are serviced any more.

Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof is the location of the lost luggage services for Deutsche Bahn.[9]

The Wuppertal Suspension Railway, a globally unique suspended monorail, serves the city and its surroundings.

Synagogue attack

In July 2014, three Palestinians living in Germany tried to damage the Wuppertal synagogue with molotov cocktails.[10] A year later, a court found them guilty of attempted arson, finding the crime was not motivated by anti-Semitism, and sentenced the men to 200 hours of community service.[11] The court said the three men wanted to draw "attention to the Gaza conflict" with Israel. In January 2017, a regional appeals court upheld the decision, calling the arson attempt a justified expression of criticism of Israel's policies.[12]

International relations
Signpost with twin towns of Wuppertal
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Twin towns — sister cities

Wuppertal is twinned with:

  • Typical steep street in Wuppertal
  • Sculpturepark Waldfrieden - Tony Cragg Points of View (2008)
  • View of Burgholz woods with typical Bergisches farmerhouse
  • Panoramic view of the Ölberg quarter in Wuppertal
  • City Hall Wuppertal-Barmen
  • The theatre - Das Wuppertaler Schauspielhaus
  • The swimming arena "Schwimmoper"
  • Elisenturm
  • Zoo Wuppertal
  • Special tours with the historical 'Kaiserwagen'
  • World's largest 'one day flea market'
  • Botanic garden and view over the city
  • The public park 'Hardt' in the center
  • The newest generation of the Schwebebahn
  • The river Wupper in the woods of Wuppertal
  • View from the Kiesberg woods
  • "Neue Bergische Synagoge"
  • Abbey Wuppertal-Beyenburg
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See also

Notes and references
  1. "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2018" (in German). Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  2. Marvin Brendel. "110 Jahre Aspirin" (in German). GeschichtsPuls. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  3. "Official website Vorwerk - Kobold vacuum cleaners". Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  4. "Official website European Institute for International Economic Relations". Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  5. Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946, Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), p. 147
  6. de:Einwohnerentwicklung von Wuppertal
  7. CNN: 20 places to visit in 2020 )
  8. "Official website Junior Uni Wuppertal - Bergisches Land" (in German). Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  9. Emory, Sami; Meichsner, Andreas (2019-12-25). "The Secret Afterlife of Lost German Luggage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
  10. Martin Verdächtigte Palästinenser gestehen - Geständnis zum Brandanschlag auf Wuppertaler Synagoge, Abendzeitung vom 14. Januar 2015
  11. Weinthal, Benjamin (February 7, 2015). "German Judge: Torching of Synagogue Not Motivated by Anti-Semitism". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  12. Weinthal, Benjamin (January 13, 2017). "German Court Calls Synagogue Torching An Act to Criticize Israel". The Jerusalem Post.
  13. "Twin cities of the City of Kosice". Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
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