Wandering spider

Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.[1] They are highly defensive[2] and venomous nocturnal hunters. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known,[3] so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.

Wandering spiders
Temporal range: Neogene–present
Phoneutria nigriventer
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Ctenidae
Keyserling, 1877
Diversity
47 genera, 694 species

Genera
Main article: List of Ctenidae species

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[4]

  • Acantheis Thorell, 1891 — Asia
  • Acanthoctenus Keyserling, 1877 — South America, Central America, Jamaica, Mexico
  • Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 — Africa, India
  • Afroneutria Polotow & Jocqué, 2015 — Africa
  • Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray, 2001 — Asia, Australia
  • Amicactenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Africa
  • Anahita Karsch, 1879 — Africa, Asia, United States
  • Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 — South America, Honduras
  • Apolania Simon, 1898 — Seychelles
  • Arctenus Polotow & Jocqué, 2014 — Kenya
  • Asthenoctenus Simon, 1897 — South America
  • Bengalla Gray & Thompson, 2001 — Australia
  • Califorctenus Jiménez, Berrian, Polotow & Palacios-Cardiel, 2017
  • Caloctenus Keyserling, 1877 — Ethiopia, South America
  • Celaetycheus Simon, 1897 — Brazil
  • Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929 — South America
  • Chococtenus Dupérré, 2015 — Ecuador, Colombia
  • Ciba Bloom, Binford, Esposito, Alayón, Peterson, Nishida, Loubet-Senear & Agnarsson, 2014 — Cuba, Dominican Republic
  • Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 — Africa, South America, Oceania, Central America, Asia, North America, Caribbean
  • Diallomus Simon, 1897 — Sri Lanka
  • Enoploctenus Simon, 1897 — South America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Gephyroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1936 — Brazil, Peru
  • Isoctenus Bertkau, 1880 — Brazil, Argentina
  • Janusia Gray, 1973 — Australia
  • Kiekie Polotow & Brescovit, 2018 — Colombia, Central America, Mexico
  • Leptoctenus L. Koch, 1878 — Australia, North America, Panama
  • Macroctenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
  • Mahafalytenus Silva-Dávila, 2007 — Madagascar
  • Montescueia Carcavallo & Martínez, 1961 — Argentina
  • Nimbanahita Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
  • Nothroctenus Badcock, 1932 — Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
  • Ohvida Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — Cuba
  • Parabatinga Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — South America
  • Perictenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea
  • Petaloctenus Jocqué & Steyn, 1997 — Africa
  • Phoneutria Perty, 1833 — South America
  • Phymatoctenus Simon, 1897 — Brazil, Guyana, Costa Rica
  • Piloctenus Henrard & Jocqué, 2017 — Guinea, Togo, Ivory Coast
  • Sinoctenus Marusik, Zhang & Omelko, 2012
  • Spinoctenus Hazzi, Polotow, Brescovit, González-Obando & Simó, 2018
  • Thoriosa Simon, 1910 — São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Equatorial Guinea
  • Toca Polotow & Brescovit, 2009 — Brazil
  • Trogloctenus Lessert, 1935 — Congo
  • Trujillina Bryant, 1948 —
  • Tuticanus Simon, 1897 — Ecuador, Peru
  • Viracucha Lehtinen, 1967 — South America
  • Wiedenmeyeria Schenkel, 1953 — Venezuela
gollark: Photonic ML hardware is apparently beginning to exist and is very efficient, so that could help in a few years.
gollark: There is apparently work on accursed optics things for the displays, and batteries... are harder, but maybe minimising power use with more efficient hardware can be done.
gollark: Enough minor conveniences stacked together gives a useful product. And you can fit smartphone SoCs into slightly bulky glasses - there are already AR devkits doing this. The main limitation is that the displays aren't very good and it is hard to fit sufficient batteries.
gollark: Also, you could sort of gain extra senses of some possible value by mapping things like LIDAR output (AR glasses will probably have something like that for object recognition) and the local wireless environment onto the display.
gollark: Oh, and there's the obvious probably-leading-to-terrible-consequences thing of being able to conveniently see the social media profiles of anyone you meet.

See also

References
  1. McGavin, George C. (2002). Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods. New York: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 230. ISBN 0-7894-9392-6.
  2. Bücherl, Wolfgang; Buckley, Eleanor E. (2013). Venomous Animals and Their Venoms: Venomous Invertebrates. Elsevier. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-4832-6289-5.
  3. Okamoto; et al. (2009). "Ctenus medius and Phoneutria nigriventer spiders venoms share noxious proinflammatory activities". J. Med. Entomol. 46 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1603/033.046.0108.
  4. "Family: Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.