Nemesiidae

Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph[1] spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889,[2] and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming its own family, it was considered part of "Dipluridae".[3] Fossils have been found dating this family back to the Lower Cretaceous.[4]

Funnel-web tarantulas
Temporal range: Cretaceous–present
Calisoga sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Clade: Avicularioidea
Family: Nemesiidae
Simon, 1889
Diversity
45 genera, 456 species

Description
Burrow of Nemesia cavicola

Nemesiidae are relatively large spiders with robust legs and a body that is nearly three times as long as it is wide. They are darkly colored, brown to black, though some have silvery hairs on their carapace.[5] Atmetochilus females can grow over 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long.

They live in burrows, often with a hinged trapdoor. This door is pushed up while the spider waits for passing prey. They rarely leave their burrows, catching prey and withdrawing as quickly as possible. Some of these burrows have a side tubes, but it is not certain whether Sinopesa builds burrows at all.[6]

Genera
Main article: List of Nemesiidae species
Raveniola chayi, female

As of July 2020, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[7]

Transferred to other families:[8][9][10][11][12]

gollark: Aren't we all?
gollark: Either once per two turns or something, or it's fixed in place forever muahahahahaha, or it follows rooks.
gollark: Cannon: can capture one piece rangedly in some direction(s).
gollark: Well, nonfoolish mortals would have become immortal.
gollark: "You are too late. The sequence cannot be stopped."

See also

References
  1. Raven, R.J. (1987). "A new mygalomorph spider genus from Mexico (Nemesiinae, Nemesiidae, Arachnida)" (PDF). J. Arachnol. 14: 357–362.
  2. Simon, E. (1889). Arachnides.
  3. Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182.
  4. Selden, P.A. (2001). "Eocene spiders from the Isle of Wight with preserved respiratory structures". Palaeontology. 44 (4): 695–729. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00199. hdl:1808/8359.
  5. "Find-a-Spider Guide". University of Queensland. 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
  6. Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
  7. "Family: Nemesiidae Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  8. "Family: Pycnothelidae Chamberlin, 1917". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  9. "Family: Anamidae Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  10. "Family: Entypesidae Bond, Opatova & Hedin, 2020". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  11. "Family: Microstigmatidae Roewer, 1942". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  12. "Family: Bemmeridae Simon, 1903". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2020-07-11.

Further reading
  • Pesarini, C. (1988): Revision of the genus Pycnothele (Araneae, Nemesiidae). J. Arachnol. 16: 281-293. PDF
  • Rafael P. Indicatti & Sylvia M. Lucas (2005): Description of a new genus of Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa 1088: 11-16. PDF (Longistylus)
  • Indicatti, Rafael P.; Lucas, Sylvia M.; Ott, Ricardo & Brescovit, Antonio D. (2008): Litter dwelling mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Microstigmatidae, Nemesiidae) from Araucaria forests in southern Brazil, with the description of five new species. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25(3): 529-546.
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