Tinos

Tinos (Greek: Τήνος [ˈtinos]) is a Greek island situated in the Aegean Sea. It is located in the Cyclades archipelago. In antiquity, Tinos was also known as Ophiussa (from ophis, Greek for snake) and Hydroessa (from hydor, Greek for water). The closest islands are Andros, Delos, and Mykonos. It has a land area of 194.464 square kilometres (75.083 sq mi)[1] and a 2011 census population of 8,636 inhabitants.

This article is about the Greek island. For the font family, see Croscore fonts.
"Tenos" redirects here. For the town of ancient Thessaly, see Tenos (Thessaly).
Tinos

Περιφερειακή ενότητα / Δήμος
Τήνου
Regional unit and Municipality
Panagia Evangelistria, landmark of the island
Flag
Tinos within the South Aegean
Coordinates: 37°36′48″N 25°08′21″E
CountryGreece
RegionSouth Aegean
CapitalTinos (town)
Area
 • Total194.5 km2 (75.1 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total8,636
 • Density44/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal codes
842 xx
Area codes22830
Car platesEM
Websitewww.tinos.gr

Tinos is famous amongst Greeks for the Church of Panagia Evangelistria, its 80 or so windmills,[2] about 1000 artistic dovecotes, 50 active villages and its Venetian fortifications at the mountain, Exomvourgo. On Tinos, both Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic populations co-exist, and the island is also well known for its famous sculptors and painters, such as Nikolaos Gysis, Yannoulis Chalepas and Nikiforos Lytras.

The island is located near the geographical center of the Cyclades island complex, and because of the Panagia Evangelistria church, with its reputedly miraculous icon of Virgin Mary that it holds, Tinos is also the center of a yearly pilgrimage that takes place on the date of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary (15 August, "Dekapentavgoustos" in Greek). This is perhaps the most notable and still active yearly pilgrimage in the region of the eastern Mediterranean. Many pilgrims make their way the 800 metres (2,600 feet) from the ferry wharf to the church on their hands and knees as sign of devotion.

History

Anciently, the island was called Tenos (Ancient Greek: Τῆνος), and was also called Hydrussa (Ὑδροῦσσα, Ὑδρόεσσα) from the number of its springs, and Ophiussa because it abounded in snakes.[3][4][5] The sons of Boreas are said to have been slain in this island by Heracles.[6] In the invasion of Greece by Xerxes I, the Tenians were compelled to serve in the Persian fleet; but a Tenian trireme deserted to the Greeks immediately before the Battle of Salamis (480 BCE), and accordingly the name of the Tenians was inscribed upon the tripod at Delphi in the list of Grecian states which had overthrown the Persians.[7] Pausanias relates that the name of the Tenians was also inscribed on the statue of Zeus at Olympia among the Greeks who had fought at the Battle of Plataea.[8] The Tenians afterwards formed part of the Delian League, and are mentioned among the subject allies of Athens at the time of the Sicilian expedition.[9] They paid a yearly tribute of 3600 drachmae, from which it may be inferred that they enjoyed a considerable share of prosperity.[10] Alexander of Pherae took possession of Tenos for a time;[11] and the island was afterwards granted by Marcus Antonius to the Rhodians.[12]

See also: Duchy of the Archipelago
Map of Tinos by Giacomo Franco (1597)

Following the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, Tinos was one of several islands ruled by private Venetian citizens and belonged to Andrea Ghisi, whose heirs held it until 1390 when the last member of the family branch bequeathed both Tinos and Mykonos to Venice.[13][14] It was ruled by Venice until 1715, when Tinos was captured by the Ottoman Empire (see Ottoman–Venetian War), and became known as İstendil. The Ottomans held Tinos until 1821 when the inhabitants joined in the Greek War of Independence.[15]

The tumult of the period gave rise to an increase in piracy in the region. In 1825 HMS Cambrian was the lead vessel of a small squadron in anti-piracy operations in the Archipelago, at Alexandria, and around the coasts of Syria. On 27 July 1826, Cambrian's boats captured a pirate bombard and burnt a mistico on Tinos. Five pirates were killed and several wounded.

The date of 15 August also commemorates the 1940 sinking in Tinos's harbour of the Greek cruiser Elli, during peacetime, while she rode at anchor, by the Italian submarine Delfino. The Elli was participating in the celebrations of the Feast of the Dormition. One of the three torpedoes fired hit the Elli under the one operating boiler and she caught fire and sank. Nine petty officers and sailors were killed and 24 were wounded. The same submarine attempted to torpedo the passenger ships M/V Elsi and M/V Hesperos anchored in the port. This attempt failed and the torpedoes only damaged a section of the port's wharf.

Geography
Satellite image of Tinos
Exomvourgo
Landscape of the island
The entrance of the church

Tinos has a varied landscape. From the shores of Panormos and Kolimbithra on the North Shore to Kionia, Agios Yannis O Portos, and Agios Sostis on the Southern Shore, Tinos has many beaches. Tsiknias is the highest mountain on the island at 750 metres (2,460 feet) and hides the village of Livada. The mountain of Exobourgo is quite distinct, and unlike its more rounded Cycladic neighbors, has a jagged appearance that would be more at home in the Alps. Between Tsiknias and Exobourgo lies the fruitful plain of Falatados. This area is unique on the island as its relatively flat terrain (albeit with an elevation of about 300 metres (980 feet)) is rare on the island. This made it a strong candidate for a proposed airport on the island. The Meltemi winds and concerns of local villagers of the towns of Falatados, and Steni have all but halted the project.

The area around Volax is a surreal and very unusual landscape with giant boulders some the size of multi-storey buildings. The village of Volax lies at the center of this landscape. To the west, the mountains surrounding Pyrgos are full of some of the most beautiful green marble in Greece.

All around the island of Tinos, the islanders have made the most unusual things out of stone. The hills are all terraced with stone walls and every village is connected to its nearest neighbors by stone walkways set between a parallel set of stone walls.

The island's mineral resources include marble, Verde antico, asbestos and a granite mine near Volax (also known as Volakas).

Administration
View of Tinos town

Tinos is a separate regional unit of the South Aegean region, and the only municipality of the regional unit. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Tinos was created out of part of the former Cyclades Prefecture. At the same reform, the current municipality Tinos was created out of the 3 former municipalities: [16]

Province

The province of Tinos (Greek: Επαρχία Τήνου) was one of the provinces of the Cyclades Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present regional unit.[17] It was abolished in 2006.

Climate

Tinos experiences a Mediterranean climate and has warm and dry summers and mild and wet winters. In the island you come across the etesians (also known as meltemi winds) the strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea, which blow from about mid-May to mid-September. They are at their strongest in the afternoon and often die down at night, but sometimes meltemi winds last for days without a break. Meltemi winds are dangerous to sailors because they come up in clear weather without warning and can blow at 7-8 Beaufort.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
High 14 °C 15 °C 16 °C 19 °C 22 °C 26 °C 28 °C 28 °C 26 °C 23 °C 19 °C 15 °C
Low 10 °C 10 °C 11 °C 13 °C 17 °C 21 °C 23 °C 24 °C 21 °C 19 °C 15 °C 12 °C
Precipitation 8 7 5 5 3 0 0 0 2 2 6 11
Winds in km/h 29 30 26 20 21 23 23 26 23 26 23 28

Transportation

Tinos has three ports, one for passenger speed boats, and two for ferries and highspeed boats which carry passengers and cars to other ports, including Mykonos (35 min), Piraeus, Rafina, Andros and Syros.

There is a heliport close to Aghios Fokas beach, some 2 kilometres (1 mile) from Tinos town.

There are regular buses linking Tinos town with other villages on the island.

Towns and villages
Kardiani village
Volax village, postcard of 1907
  • Aetopholia
  • Agapi
  • Agia Varvara
  • Agios Fokas
  • Agios Romanos
  • Agios Sostis
  • Arnados
  • Berdemiaros
  • Chatzirados
  • Dyo-Choria
  • Falatados
  • Fero Chorio
  • Kabos
  • Kaki Skala
  • Kalloni
  • Kampos
  • Kardiani
  • Karkados
  • Karya
  • Kato Kleisma
  • Kechros
  • Kionia
  • Komi
  • Koumaros
  • Koumelas
  • Krokos
  • Ktikados
  • Laouti
  • Livada
  • Loutra
  • Lychnaftia
  • Malli
  • Mamados
  • Marlas
  • Mesi
  • Monastiri
  • Monastiria
  • Mountados
  • Myrsini
  • Ormos Agiou Ioannou
  • Ormos Panormou
  • Panormos
  • Perastra
  • Platia
  • Potamia
  • Pyrgos
  • Rocharis
  • Skalados
  • Sklavochorio
  • Smardakito
  • Sperados
  • Steni
  • Tarampados
  • Tinos
  • Triantaros
  • Tripotamos
  • Tzados
  • Venardados
  • Volax
  • Vourni
  • Xinara
  • Ysternia

Notable people
Nikolaos Gyzis (1842–1901), an important Greek painter
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References
  1. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
  2. "Art & Tradition:Windmills". Municipality of Tinos. www.tinos.gr. Archived from the original on 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  3. Pliny. Naturalis Historia. 4.12.22.
  4. Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis. 2.7.11.
  5. Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. s.v. Τῆνος.
  6. Apollon. 1.1304, with Schol.
  7. Herodotus. Histories. 8.82.
  8. Pausanias. Description of Greece. 5.23.2.
  9. Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. 7.57.
  10. Franz, Elem. Epigr. Gr. No. 49.
  11. Dem. c. Polycl. p. 1207
  12. Appian, B.C. 5.7.
  13. William Miller, The Latin Orient (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920), p. 39
  14. D. Jacoby, La féodalité en Grèce médiévale. Les « Assises de Romanie », sources, application et diffusion (1971), p. 237
  15. 40.pdf Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
  16. "Kallikratis reform law text" (PDF).
  17. "Detailed census results 1991" (PDF). (39 MB) (in Greek and French)

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tenos". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

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