Telecommunications in Cameroon

Telecommunications in Cameroon include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

Radio and television
  • Radio stations:
    • state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV); one private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operating, but subject to closure at any time; foreign news services are required to partner with a state-owned national station (2007);[1]
    • 2 AM, 9 FM, and 3 shortwave stations (2001).
  • Television stations:
    • state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), 2 private TV broadcasters (2007);[1]
    • one station (2001).

BBC World Service radio is available via local relays (98.4 FM in Yaounde, the capital).[2]

The government maintains tight control over broadcast media. State-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), operates both a TV and a radio network. It was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007 when the government issued licenses to two private TV and one private radio broadcasters.[1]

Approximately 375 privately owned radio stations were operating in 2012, three-fourths of them in Yaounde and Douala. The government requires nonprofit rural radio stations to submit applications to broadcast, but they were exempt from licensing fees. Commercial radio and television broadcasters must submit a licensing application and pay an application fee and thereafter pay a high annual licensing fee. Several rural community radio stations function with foreign funding. The government prohibits these stations from discussing politics.[3]

In spite of the government's tight control, Reporters Without Borders reported in its 2011 field survey that "[i]t is clear from the diversity of the media and the outspoken reporting style that press freedom is a reality".[2]

Telephones
See also: Telephone numbers in Cameroon
  • Calling code: +237[1]
  • International call prefix: 00[4]
  • Main lines:
    • 737,400 lines in use, 88th in the world (2012);[1]
    • 130,700 lines in use (2006).
  • Mobile cellular:
    • 13.1 million lines, 64th in the world (2012);[1]
    •   4.5 million lines (2007).
  • Telephone system: system includes cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter; Camtel, the monopoly provider of fixed-line service, provides connections for only about 3 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable; mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of 50 per 100 persons (2011).[1]
  • Communications cables: South Atlantic 3/West Africa Submarine Cable (SAT-3/WASC) fiber-optic cable system provides connectivity to Europe and Asia (2011);[1] Africa Coast to Europe (ACE), cable system connecting countries along the west coast of Africa to each other and to Portugal and France, is planned.[5]
  • Satellite earth stations: 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011).[1]

Internet

A number of projects are underway that will improve Internet access, telecommunications, and Information and communications technology (ICT) in general:[13]

  • Implementation of the e-post project, connecting 234 post offices throughout the country;
  • Extension of the national optical fiber network, installation of the initial 3,200 km of fiber is complete and studies for the installation of an additional 3,400 km are underway;
  • Construction of multipurpose community telecentres, some 115 telecentres are operating with an additional 205 under construction;
  • Construction of metropolitan optical loops, the urban optical loop of Douala is complete and construction of the Yaounde loop is underway;
  • Construction of submarine cable landing points;
  • Establishment of public key infrastructure (PKI);
  • Construction of a regional technology park to support the development of ICTs.

Internet censorship and surveillance

There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms.[3]

Although the law provides for freedom of speech and press, it also criminalizes media offenses, and the government restricts freedoms of speech and press. Government officials threaten, harass, arrest, and deny equal treatment to individuals or organizations that criticize government policies or express views at odds with government policy. Individuals who criticize the government publicly or privately sometimes face reprisals. Press freedom is constrained by strict libel laws that suppress criticism. These laws authorize the government, at its discretion and the request of the plaintiff, to criminalize a civil libel suit or to initiate a criminal libel suit in cases of alleged libel against the president and other high government officials. Such crimes are punishable by prison terms and heavy fines.[3]

Although the constitution and law prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, these rights are subject to restriction for the "higher interests of the state", and there are credible reports that police and gendarmes harass citizens, conduct searches without warrants, and open or seize mail with impunity.[3]

gollark: Again, does the service actually get a way to distinguish different users/SIMs?
gollark: Why can't I just hook up a "fingerprint reader" which generates random fingerprints?
gollark: There are vast farms of phones somewhere in China used for ad fraud, SIM cards would probably not be a big obstacle.
gollark: Can I just buy *one* SIM card and have that validate me as human forever, or does the service also get to store a unique user identifier for me (no)?
gollark: Depends exactly how this works, since it's underspecified.

See also

References
  1. "Communications: Cameroon", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  2. "Cameroon profile: Media", BBC News, 14 August 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  3. "Cameroon", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  4. Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010)), Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  5. "ACE: Africa Coast to Europe", Orange SA. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  6. Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" Archived 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013
  7. "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012", International Telecommunications Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
  8. "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012", Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
  9. "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012", Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
  10. Select Formats Archived 2009-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
  11. Population, The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.
  12. "Creolink Communications", website. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  13. "Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Cameroon", Telecom World, International Telecommunications Union, 19–22 November 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
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