Scutosaurus

Scutosaurus ("Shield lizard") was a genus of parareptiles. It was an armor-covered pareiasaur that lived around 265–254 million years ago[1] in Russia, in the later Permian period, and it is not closely related to the turtle. Its genus name refers to large plates of armor scattered across its body. It was a large anapsid reptile that, unlike most reptiles, held its legs underneath its body to support its great weight.[2] Fossils have been found in the Sokolki Assemblage Zone of the Malokinelskaya Formation in European Russia, close to the Ural Mountains.

Scutosaurus Temporal range: Lopingian ~265–254 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Skeleton, American Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Clade:	†Pareiasauria
Genus:	†Scutosaurus Hartmann-Weinberg 1930
Species:	†S. karpinskii
Binomial name
†Scutosaurus karpinskii (Amalitzky 1922)
Synonyms
Pareiasuchus elegans Amalitzky 1922 Pareiasuchus horridus Amalitzky 1922 Pareiasuchus tuberculatus Amalitzky 1922 Pareiasaurus karpinskii Amalitzky 1922 Proelginia permiana? Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 Scutosaurus itilensis Ivachneko & Lebedev 1987

Palaeobiology

Restoration

Skull of S. karpinski

Scutosaurus being attacked by Inostrancevia

Scutosaurus was a massively built reptile, up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length, with bony armor, and a number of spikes decorating its skull.[2] Despite its relatively small size, Scutosaurus was heavy, and its short legs meant that it could not move at speed for long periods of time, which made it vulnerable to attack by large predators. To defend itself Scutosaurus had a thick skeleton covered with powerful muscles, especially in the neck region. Underneath the skin were rows of hard, bony plates (scutes) that acted like a form of brigandine armor.

As a plant-eater living in a semi-arid climate, including deserts, Scutosaurus would have wandered widely for a long time in order to find fresh foliage to eat. It may have stuck closely to the riverbanks and floodplains where plant life would have been more abundant, straying further afield only during times of drought. Its teeth were flattened and could grind away at the leaves and young branches before digesting them at length in its large gut. Scutosaurus swallowed gastroliths to digest plants. Given that it needed to eat constantly, Scutosaurus probably lived alone, or in very small herds, so as to avoid denuding large areas of their edible plants.

Skull

The skull is about 50 centimetres (20 in) wide. It is very broad, flat, and strongly sculptured, and bears bony protuberances in the jugal (cheek) and rear regions. As with some species of Pareiasaurus, with which it is clearly related, the quadratojugal or cheekbones extend outwards and forwards, making an angle of about 120° with the maxillary border. With its large cheekbones, Scutosaurus may have been able to make a loud bellowing sound.

References

1. http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=37565
2. Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 64. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.

External links

• Pareiasaurinae at Palaeos