Rugby railway station

Rugby railway station serves the town of Rugby in Warwickshire, England. It opened during the Victorian era, in 1885, replacing earlier stations situated a little further west. Since the closure of the former Rugby Central station on the now-abandoned Great Central Railway route through the town, it is Rugby's only station. Between 1950 and 1970 the station was known as Rugby Midland before reverting to its original title. The station underwent an extensive upgrade during 2006–2008, with extra platforms added, and a new ticket office and entrance building constructed, however the original Victorian part of the station was retained in the upgrade.

Rugby
Station entrance
Location
Place	Rugby
Local authority	Borough of Rugby
Coordinates	52.379°N 1.250°W / 52.379; -1.250
Grid reference	SP511759
Operations
Station code	RUG
Managed by	Avanti West Coast
Number of platforms	6
DfT category	C1
Live arrivals/departures, station information and onward connections from National Rail Enquiries
Annual rail passenger usage*
2014/15	2.047 million
2015/16	2.282 million
2016/17	2.447 million
2017/18	2.526 million
2018/19	2.696 million
History
Original company	London and Birmingham Railway
Pre-grouping	London and North Western Railway
Post-grouping	London, Midland and Scottish Railway
9 April 1838	First station opened as Rugby
4 July 1840	First station replaced by second
5 July 1885	Second station replaced by third
25 September 1950	Renamed Rugby Midland
4 May 1970	Renamed Rugby
2006–2008	Remodelled
National Rail – UK railway stations
Annual estimated passenger usage based on sales of tickets in stated financial year(s) which end or originate at Rugby from Office of Rail and Road statistics. Methodology may vary year on year.

Rugby station is at the centre of two important junctions of the West Coast Main Line (WCML) connecting London to Birmingham and North West England and Scotland. The junction of the Trent Valley Line to the North West, and the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line to Birmingham is a short distance west of the station. East of the station, the Northampton Loop Line diverges at a junction from the direct line to London. Until the 1960s it also had routes to Leicester, Peterborough East and Leamington Spa (Avenue) but these have all since been closed.

The present station, managed by Avanti West Coast, is located roughly half a mile north of Rugby town centre. On the WCML as a whole, it is located 82 miles (132 km) north of London Euston, and 319 miles (513 km) south of Glasgow Central.

Current services

London Midland Class 350 unit stops at Rugby with a service to Birmingham New Street

Inter-city train services are operated by Avanti West Coast, with off peak services to London and Birmingham New Street and morning peak and evening peak services to/from Glasgow, Manchester, Chester, Liverpool, Blackpool, Preston, Carlisle, Wolverhampton, Crewe and Lancaster

West Midlands Trains operate frequent regional services under the London Northwestern branding between London Euston or Northampton to Birmingham New Street and they operate services between London Euston to Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent and Crewe (via the Trent Valley Line).[1]

Off peak weekday service in trains per hour (tph) is:

• London Northwestern Railway:
  • 4tph to London Euston, one slow and two semi-fast via Northampton and one express service which calls at only Milton Keynes Central.
  • 2tph to Rugeley Trent Valley via Birmingham New Street (one of which divides at Birmingham with the other portion running to Crewe via Stafford and Stoke-on-Trent)
  • 1tph to Liverpool Lime Street via Birmingham New Street.
  • 1tph to Crewe via Nuneaton and Stafford.
• Avanti West Coast:
  • 1tph to London Euston
  • 1tph to Birmingham New Street
  • 4tpd to Blackpool North

Preceding station	National Rail			Following station
Nuneaton		London Northwestern Railway London – Crewe		Milton Keynes Central or Northampton
Coventry		London Northwestern Railway London – Birmingham		Long Buckby
		London Northwestern Railway Northampton – Birmingham
Coventry		Avanti West Coast London-West Midlands		London Euston
Warrington Bank Quay		Avanti West Coast London-Blackpool		London Euston
	Historical railways
Terminus		London and North Western Railway Northampton Loop		Kilsby and Crick Line open, station closed
Brinklow Line open, station closed		London and North Western Railway Trent Valley Line		Terminus
Brandon and Wolston Line open, station closed		London and North Western Railway Birmingham-London Line		Welton Line open, station closed
	Disused railways
Terminus		London and North Western Railway Rugby to Peterborough Line		Clifton Mill Line and station closed
Dunchurch Line and station closed		London and North Western Railway Rugby to Leamington Line		Terminus
Ullesthorpe Line and station closed		Midland Railway Rugby to Leicester Line		Terminus

Railway lines served

A Virgin Trains Pendolino calls at Rugby.

West Coast Main Line

Since the 1960s, Rugby is served only by the West Coast Main Line. However, as the WCML divides here on either side of the station, it provides an interchange between the routes and consequently many trains stop here.

In the chainage notation traditionally used on the railway, the station is 82 miles 4 chains (82.05 mi; 132.05 km) from Euston.[2]

Hillmorton Junction

To the southeast of the station, the original London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) line (opened 1838), which runs directly to London, is joined at a grade separated junction near Hillmorton by the Northampton loop line (opened 1881) which runs to Northampton before rejoining the line to London at Hanslope Junction. This junction is 81 miles 28 chains (81.35 mi; 130.92 km) from Euston.[2]

Trent Valley Junction

To the northwest of the station the WCML diverges again between the original London and Birmingham line, now referred to as the Birmingham Loop, which runs westwards to Coventry and Birmingham, and the Trent Valley Line (opened 1847) which diverges at a flyover junction northwestwards towards Stafford and the North West of England and Scotland. It is 83 miles 18 chains (83.23 mi; 133.94 km) from Euston.[2]

Closed Lines

Railways of Rugby in 1950

Railways of Rugby in 2019

Until the 1960s Rugby station served several other railway lines, which were closed mostly as part of the Beeching Axe. At one time railway lines diverged from Rugby station in seven different directions. The closed lines were:

• The Midland Counties Railway (later Midland Railway) line to Leicester and the East Midlands which opened in 1840. In the mid-19th century this was an important main line, as the junction at Rugby provided the Midland Railway with its only link to London. Nearly all rail traffic between London and the north passed through Rugby, making it one of the most important railway junctions in the country. Increasing congestion at Rugby meant that Midland Railway opened its own route from Leicester to London in the late 1860s. The Leicester to Rugby line lost its earlier importance, and became little more than a country branch line, it continued to operate as such for nearly a century until it was closed on 30 December 1961. A remaining relic of this line locally is the disused viaduct across the Avon valley, which is a local landmark.[3]
• The Rugby and Stamford Railway which was a secondary cross-country line owned by the London and North Western Railway which ran from Rugby to Peterborough via Market Harborough. The line was opened on 29 April 1850. It originally ran to Stamford where it joined the Midland Railway's Syston and Peterborough Railway. But later on, in order to gain a more direct route, the LNWR gained permission to build a line from Seaton to the Northampton and Peterborough Railway near Wansford, part of which survives as the Nene Valley Railway. Traffic was never heavy, and Doctor Beeching viewed it as an unnecessary duplication of the Birmingham to Peterborough Line and it was closed on 6 June 1966.[4]
• The Rugby to Leamington Line which was a country branch line to Leamington Spa which was opened on 1 March 1851. Local passenger services were withdrawn in 1959, and the line closed as a through route in 1966.[5]

The Great Central Main Line (GCML) also ran through the town and had its own station at Rugby Central, but as this was built by a rival company, it never had any connection to the other railways in Rugby. It was opened in 1899 and closed between 1966 and 1969.

History

First station (1838–40)

The first railway station to be built in Rugby was a wooden temporary structure located around half a mile to the west of the present station. It opened on 9 April 1838 when the London and Birmingham Railway was constructed. However great difficulty in constructing the Kilsby Tunnel in Northamptonshire delayed the full opening of the line, which was not finished in time for the coronation of Queen Victoria on 28 June 1838. Aware of the lucrative traffic the event would generate, the company opened the north end of the line, between Birmingham and Rugby, and the south end from London to a temporary station at Denbigh Hall near Bletchley, with a stagecoach shuttle service linking the two parts to allow through journeys to London. The line was officially fully opened on 17 September 1838, with the first passenger train from London to Birmingham arriving that day.[6][7]

The original station was located on the western side of where the railway crossed Newbold Road (the Rugby to Leicester turnpike road, now the A426) because at the time this was the only road north from Rugby.[6][7]

Second station (1840–1885)

The first station lasted only a few years. When a junction was made with the Midland Counties Railway in 1840, a new station was built at the site of the junction, which opened on 4 July 1840; it was 990 yards (905 m) to the east of the original station, and 150 yards (140 m) to the west of the present station. A new road, Railway Terrace had to be built to link it to the town centre, because at the time it was located in open countryside.[8][7]

This second station was effectively managed by two companies – the London and North Western Railway and the Midland Railway – and for this reason grew up in a haphazard fashion. It was at first no more than a temporary wooden structure, but was gradually rebuilt into a more permanent structure over the following decade. This station consisted of platforms at each side of the track with one bay platform. The platforms were rather low and passengers complained of having to perform an "acrobatic feat" to board trains.[9]

The station was at the centre of a busy junction and often saw chaotic scenes. It featured, only lightly disguised, in Charles Dickens's story Mugby Junction.

The present station (1885–)

Rugby Station in 1917

The station in 1959

The second station lasted until the 1880s, when a new line from Rugby to Northampton (the Northampton loop) was built, the old station was deemed by the LNWR to be no-longer satisfactory, and in 1882, £70,000 was allocated to replace it with the current station which opened on 5 July 1885. Another £30,000 was allocated to build a hotel, although this was never built.[10][7] The Midland Railway retained the part of the older station which it had managed, however. One platform of the old station, separate from the new station, continued to be used by local trains on the Midland Railway's branch to Leicester until 8 March 1930. No trace of this now remains, however, as it was demolished in the 1960s to make way for the postal sorting office.[11]

When constructed the station consisted of one large island platform with bay platforms at each end for terminating local services.[10] The main island platforms are accessed from a tunnel at road level and a ramp leading to the platforms. When constructed the station had a large steel and glass trainshed roof which consisted of 117 ft (35.6 m) wide spans on each side, covering the station platforms and tracks.[10] Originally the sides of the station had glass side screens but these were later removed.[12] The condition of the roof deteriorated, and in the 1980s the glass over the tracks was removed, and finally the entire structure was dismantled in 2000 when it became unstable, and was replaced with modern canopies over the platforms.[13][14]

A Class 310 electric multiple unit at one of the former northbound bay platforms at Rugby in 1975.

The station had one of the longest platforms of any British railway station, at 1,381 feet (421 m), but the two main island platforms were both shortened as part of the 2007–08 station upgrade. The platform was long enough to allow two trains to call at it at the same time. This unusual feature was enabled by 'scissors crossings' halfway along the platforms. The scissor crossings were X-shaped junctions which allowed one train to pass another one already in the platform, and call into the same platform ahead of it, and allowed the train to the rear to pull out of the station, effectively doubling the capacity of the platform. The scissor crossings remained in use until the railway was electrified in the 1960s.[10]

In 1899 a second station, Rugby Central, was opened in Rugby. To distinguish it from the other station, the present station became known as Rugby Midland. Rugby Central closed in 1969, and Rugby Midland reverted to being called just Rugby in 1970.

The station came under the management of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) (1885–1923), and then the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) (1923–1948), and then the nationalised British Railways (1948–1997). It is now owned by Network Rail.

2006–2008 upgrade

As a part of the West Coast Main Line modernisation programme carried out by Network Rail, major track restructuring work was carried out to allow higher speed running through Rugby. Previously non-stopping trains passing through Rugby were limited to 75 mph, the track upgrades raised the speed to 125 mph, thus eliminating another bottleneck from the WCML.[15] The station itself also underwent a major £170 million upgrade which included:[16][17][18]

• The addition of three new through platforms, bringing the total up to five, including a new platform on the south side of the station and a second island platform on the north side.
• The construction of a new entrance building and ticket office: Historically all of the station's facilities, including the ticket office were concentrated on the station's single island platform, which was accessed from street level by a subway. The main entrance to the station therefore consisted of a simple opening to the subway. The additional platforms required that the ticket office be moved to a new entrance building at the front of the station.

It was at one time thought that remodelling of the track layout would entail complete demolition of the present station,[19] but the final plans involved retention of the existing island platform and buildings. Work began in September 2006 and was completed late in 2008.[16]

The platform on the south side of the station opened for use on 29 May 2007,[20] and as a result all of the platforms were renumbered. This platform became Platform 1, the former Platform 1 became Platform 2 and 2 became 4. The additional platforms on the north side of the station are numbered Platforms 5 and 6 and they opened on 27 August 2008. Platform 8 became Platform 3. At the same time the former westbound bay platforms originally numbered 3, 6 and 7 were removed.

Another distinctive feature of the local railway landscape also vanished at this time – the 'bird cage' bridge. This was a 'heavy' girder bridge of two substantial spans over the West Coast Main Line to the east ('up' side) of the station. This was the means by which the Great Central Main Line crossed the London & North Western Railway competing line.[21]

• 
  Rugby station entrance in 2006, before the upgrade.
• 
  View of the station entrance in 2011 following the upgrade.
• 
  The new north island platform added in the 2008 upgrade. Containing platforms 5 and 6.

Station masters

• Frederick John Pigou 1840 - 1847[22]
• Samuel Grew 1847 - 1860[23]
• Thomas Davis 1860 - 1868[24]
• G.F. Waldener 1868 - 1871[25]
• Charles Livock 1871[26] - ???? (formerly station master at Northampton)
• E. Allen 1877 - 1895[27]
• Daniel Little 1895 - 1898
• George Tuley 1898 - 1908[28] (formerly station master at Watford Junction)
• William Hedge 1908[29] - 1921[30] (formerly station master at Watford Junction)
• Charles Edward Atkinson 1921[31] - 1932
• D.J. Roberts 1932[32] - 1945 (formerly station master at Llandudno Junction
• Harry Collins 1945 - 1949 (formerly station master at Bletchley, afterwards station master at Bedford)
• M.E. Redhead 1949 - 1961[33] (afterwards station master at Liverpool Exchange)
• Samuel S Scott 1961[34] - ????

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Signalling

Rugby once had the largest concentration of mechanical signalling in the world and was home to one of the most impressive signal gantries in Britain.[35] Situated to the south of the station and erected in 1895, it spanned three tracks and carried forty-four semaphore arms. Every arm was duplicated due to sighting difficulties that resulted from the Great Central Railway's 'Birdcage' bridge crossing the WCML behind the gantry's location. The gantry acquired the nickname of "the Rugby Bedstead" on account of its appearance.

The "Rugby Bedstead" signalling gantry in 1895, prior to the construction of the Great Central viaduct

In 1939, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway resignalled the Rugby area with colour light signals, although the mechanical signal boxes were retained. The famous signal gantry became redundant, following which it was divided up into smaller pieces to form a number of smaller structures for re-use elsewhere.[36]

SGE was awarded a contract to resignal the Rugby area in preparation for electrification. Rugby Power Signal Box (PSB) opened in 1964. It is located east of the station, on the south (Down) side of the railway. The whole station area, together with part of the WCML stretching as far south as Castlethorpe, was controlled from this new box. It was equipped with an 'NX' (entrance-exit) panel. In 1991, Rugby PSB took over control of the Northampton area using Solid State Interlocking (SSI). Rugby PSB closed in May 2012 when control of Northampton was transferred to Rugby SCC.

Rugby Signalling Control Centre (SCC), located north-west of the station, opened in 2004. Initially, its area of control was limited to a portion of the WCML between Kings Langley and Linslade Tunnel. The current area of control is Kings Langley, Hertfordshire to Armitage in Staffordshire. Area of control also includes small portions of branch lines around Nuneaton; these include the Coventry-Nuneaton (from Three Spires to Nuneaton) and part of the Arley/Hinckley lines (Arley Tunnel to Padge Hall). In March 2016, the WCML South Rail Operating Centre (ROC) was opened at Rugby – this will supervise the signalling on the entire southern end of the WCML and associated branch routes.[37][38]

Motive Power Depots

Inside the Repair Shops at Rugby Locomotive Depot in 1953

A shed for three locomotives was opened here in 1838 by the London and Birmingham Railway and another in 1847. These were demolished to make way for two larger sheds in 1852, one for the use of the Northern Division locomotives and one by the Southern Division. The LNWR replaced these with a single 12-road shed in 1876, which was closed in 1965, but used for stabling diesel shunters. An adjoining 12-road shed was opened in 1886, but was closed and demolished by British Railways in 1960.[39]

Connections

Bus route 4, operated by Stagecoach Midlands, connects the railway station with Rugby town centre and the suburbs of Cawston and Bilton.[40]

Bus route D1 and D2, operated by Stagecoach Midlands, previously connected the railway station with Rugby town centre, now replaced on this section by services 1 and 2, which connects with buses D1 and D2 to the suburbs of Barby, Braunston, Brownsover, DIRFT, Hillmorton, and Kilsby. The service then continues onto serve the nearby town of Daventry.[41][42]

See also

• Rugby Central railway station - former Great Central station serving Rugby.
• Rugby Parkway railway station - proposed new station which would be on the town's outskirts.
• Clifton Mill railway station - former station serving the adjacent village of Clifton-upon-Dunsmore
• Midland Counties Railway Viaduct, Rugby - disused railway viaduct.

References

1. GB National Rail Timetable December 2015 – May 2016, Tables 66 & 67
2. Engineer's Line References RailwayCodes.org
3. Elliott 1985, pp. 14–20.
4. Elliott 1985, pp. 22–24.
5. Elliott 1985, pp. 24–26.
6. Elliott 1985, p. 10.
7. Butt 1995, p. 201
8. Elliott 1985, p. 16.
9. Elliott 1985, p. 16&17.
10. Elliott 1985, p. 33.
11. Elliott 1985, p. 35.
12. Elliott 1985, p. 34.
13. Rugby local history.org
14. "Rail station's £8m new look unveiled". Coventry Telegraph. 2 July 2002. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
15. "WRCM – Rugby Remodelling". Network Rail. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
16. "£170m plan for Rugby station revamp". Coventry Telegraph. 11 January 2006. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
17. BBC Coventry and Warwickshire
18. "West Coast upgrade enters the final stage". Railway Gazette. 20 March 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
19. "Question mark over station's future". BBC News. 8 January 2003. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
20. "New platform at Rugby station". Geograph.org.uk. Kevin Flynn. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
21. "Landmark 'Birdcage' bridge dismantled". Rugby Advertiser. 4 January 2007. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
22. Welch, Reginald Courtenay (1894). The Harrow School Register, 1800-1911. Longmans, Green. p. 132.
23. "Presentation of plate to Samuel Grew Esq". Rugby Advertiser. England. 25 February 1860. Retrieved 7 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
24. "Deaths". Coventry Standard. England. 2 April 1869. Retrieved 7 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
25. "Presentation". Nuneaton Advertiser. England. 29 July 1871. Retrieved 7 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
26. "Presentation to Mr. Charles Livock of the L. and N.W. Railway". Northampton Mercury. England. 2 September 1871. Retrieved 7 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
27. "The late station master at Rugby". Morning Post. England. 23 October 1895. Retrieved 7 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
28. "Presentation to the Station Master". Herts Advertiser. England. 7 May 1898. Retrieved 16 September 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
29. "Mr. W. Hedge". Herts & Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow. England. 24 July 1908. Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
30. "Rugby Railwaymen Retiring". Coventry Herald. England. 7 October 1921. Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
31. "New Rugby Station Master". Northampton Mercury. England. 7 October 1921. Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
32. "L.M.S. Appointments". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. England. 19 August 1932. Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
33. "Mr. M.E. Redhead". Birmingham Daily Post. England. 17 May 1961. Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
34. "New Chief for Midland Station". Coventry Evening Telegraph. England. 25 July 1961. Retrieved 8 March 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
35. Signalling Installations for British Railways – Part Six – London Midland Main Line Electrification. Harrow: S.G.E. Railway Signals Ltd. 1966. p. 2. RS75.
36. Foster, Richard D. (1982). A Pictorial Record of L.N.W.R. Signalling. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. p. 80. ISBN 0-86093-147-1.
37. Network Rail – Our Future Vision Network Rail Media Centre press release; Retrieved 2013-08-30
38. "Rugby ROC opens". Rail Engineer UK. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
39. Griffiths, Roger (1999). The directory of British engine sheds and principal locomotive servicing points: 1. Oxdored: OPC. p. 154. ISBN 0860935426.
40. "4 Bus Route & Timetable: Brownsover - Bilton | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
41. "D1 Bus Route & Timetable: Daventry - Rugby | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
42. "D2 Bus Route & Timetable: Rugby - Daventry | Stagecoach". www.stagecoachbus.com. Retrieved 10 January 2019.

• Butt, R.V.J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Yeovil: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-85260-508-1. R508.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Elliott, Peter H (1985). Rugby's Railway Heritage. ISBN 0-907917-06-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Train times and station information for Rugby railway station from National Rail
• Rugby Station at warwickshirerailways.com