Raoul Walsh

Raoul A. Walsh (March 11, 1887 – December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), and the brother of silent screen actor George Walsh. He was known for portraying John Wilkes Booth in the silent classic The Birth of a Nation (1915) and for directing such films as The Big Trail (1930), starring John Wayne, High Sierra (1941), starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949), starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. He directed his last film in 1964.

Raoul Walsh
Walsh, c. 1918
Born	March 11, 1887 New York City, U.S.
Died	December 31, 1980(1980-12-31) (aged 93) Simi Valley, California, U.S.
Resting place	Assumption Catholic Cemetery, Simi Valley, Ventura County, California[1]
Occupation	Director, actor
Years active	1909–1964
Spouse(s)	Miriam Cooper ​ ( m. 1916; div. 1926) Lorraine Miller ​ ( m. 1928; div. 1947) Mary Simpson ( m. 1947)
Awards	Founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

Biography

Walsh was born in New York as Albert Edward Walsh to Elizabeth T. Bruff, the daughter of Irish Catholic immigrants, and Thomas W. Walsh, an Englishman. Walsh was part of Omega Gamma Delta in high school, as was his younger brother. Growing up in New York, Walsh was also a friend of the Barrymore family. (John Barrymore recalled spending time reading in the Walsh family library as a youth.) Later in life he lived in Palm Springs, California.[2] He was buried at Assumption Cemetery Simi Valley, Ventura County, California.

Film career

Walsh was educated at Seton Hall College. He began acting in 1909, first as a stage actor in New York City and later as a film actor. In 1914 he became an assistant to D. W. Griffith and made his first full-length feature film, The Life of General Villa, shot on location in Mexico with Pancho Villa playing the lead and with actual ongoing battles filmed in progress as well as recreations.

Walsh as John Wilkes Booth

Walsh played John Wilkes Booth in Griffith's epic The Birth of a Nation (1915) and also served as an assistant director. This was followed by the critically acclaimed Regeneration in 1915, possibly the earliest feature gangster film, shot on location in Manhattan's Bowery district.

Walsh served as an officer in the United States Army during World War I. He later directed The Thief of Bagdad (1924), starring Douglas Fairbanks and Anna May Wong, and Laurence Stallings' What Price Glory? (1926), starring Victor McLaglen and Dolores del Río.

Stallings (left) and Walsh (center) c. 1926

In Sadie Thompson (1928), starring Gloria Swanson as a prostitute seeking a new life in Samoa, Walsh starred as Swanson's boyfriend in his first acting role since 1915; he also directed the film. He was then hired to direct and star in In Old Arizona, a film about O. Henry's character the Cisco Kid. While on location for that film Walsh was in a car crash when a jackrabbit jumped through the windshield as he was driving through the desert; he lost his right eye as a result. He gave up the part and never acted again. Warner Baxter won an Oscar for the role Walsh was originally slated to play. Walsh would wear an eyepatch for the rest of his life.

In the early days of sound with Fox, Walsh directed the first widescreen spectacle, The Big Trail (1930), an epic wagon train western shot on location across the West. The movie starred John Wayne, then unknown, whom Walsh discovered as prop boy Marion Morrison and renamed after the Revolutionary War general Mad Anthony Wayne; Walsh happened to be reading a book about him at the time. Walsh directed The Bowery (1933), featuring Wallace Beery, George Raft, Fay Wray and Pert Kelton; the energetic movie recounts the story of Steve Brodie (Raft), supposedly the first man to jump off the Brooklyn Bridge and live to brag about it.

An undistinguished period followed with Paramount Pictures from 1935 to 1939, but Walsh's career rose to new heights after he moved to Warner Brothers, with The Roaring Twenties (1939), featuring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart; Dark Command (1940), with John Wayne and Roy Rogers (at Republic Pictures); They Drive By Night (1940), with George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino and Bogart; High Sierra (1941), with Lupino and Bogart again; They Died with Their Boots On (1941), with Errol Flynn as Custer; The Strawberry Blonde (1941), with Cagney and Olivia de Havilland; Manpower (1941), with Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich and George Raft; and White Heat (1949), with Cagney. Walsh's contract at Warners expired in 1953.

He directed several films afterwards, including three with Clark Gable: The Tall Men (1955), The King and Four Queens (1956) and Band of Angels (1957). Walsh retired in 1964. He died of a heart attack in 1980.[3]

Some of Walsh's film-related material and personal papers are contained in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives.[4]

Selected filmography

Walsh as John Wilkes Booth in The Birth of a Nation, 1915

• The Pseudo Prodigal (1913, Short, Director), directorial debut
• The Life of General Villa (1914, Director)
• The Mystery of the Hindu Image (1914, Director) (uncredited)
• The Banker's Daughter (1914)
• The Great Leap; Until Death Do Us Part (1914)
• The Dishonored Medal (1914) - The Adopted Son
• The Life of General Villa (1914) - Villa as a young man
• The Birth of a Nation (1915) - John Wilkes Booth (uncredited)
• Regeneration (1915, Director)
• Carmen (1915, Director) (with Theda Bara)
• The Outlaw's Revenge (1915) - The outlaw
• Blue Blood and Red (1916, Director)
• The Silent Lie (1917, Director) (a.k.a.: Camille of the Yukon)
• Betrayed (1917, Director)
• The Conqueror (1917, Director)
• The Innocent Sinner (1917, Director)
• The Honor System (1917, Director)
• On the Jump (1918, Director)
• The Woman and the Law (1918, Director) (with Jack Connors, Miriam Cooper and Peggy Hopkins Joyce)
• The Prussian Cur (1918, Director)
• Evangeline (1919, Director) (with his wife Miriam Cooper)
• The Strongest (1920, Director)
• The Deep Purple (1920, Director)
• Kindred of the Dust (1922, Director)
• The Thief of Bagdad (1924, Director, produced by and starring Douglas Fairbanks, and featuring Anna May Wong)
• The Wanderer (1925, Director)
• What Price Glory (1926, Director, his most successful silent movie) (with Victor McLaglen and Dolores del Río)
• The Lucky Lady (1926, Director)
• The Loves of Carmen (1927, Director) (with Dolores del Río)
• The Monkey Talks (1927, Director)
• Sadie Thompson (1928, Director, in which he acted alongside Gloria Swanson) - Sergeant Timothy 'Tim' O'Hara (final film role)
• The Red Dance (1928, Director) (with Dolores del Río and Charles Farrell)
• Me, Gangster (1928, Director, debut of Don Terry)
• The Cock-Eyed World (1929, Director)
• The Big Trail (1930, Director) (with John Wayne, an early location movie in widescreen and Wayne's first leading role)
• The Man Who Came Back (1931, Director) (with Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell)
• The Yellow Ticket (1931, Director) (with Lionel Barrymore and Laurence Olivier)
• Wild Girl (1932, Director) (with Charles Farrell, Joan Bennett, Ralph Bellamy, and Eugene Pallette)
• Me and My Gal (1932, Director)
• The Bowery (1933, Director) (with Wallace Beery, George Raft, Fay Wray, and Pert Kelton)
• Klondike Annie (1936, Director) (with Mae West and Victor McLaglen)
• O.H.M.S. (1937, Director)
• Jump for Glory (1937, Director)
• St. Louis Blues (1939, Director)
• The Roaring Twenties (1939, Director) (with James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart)
• Dark Command (1940, Director) (with John Wayne, Roy Rogers, and Gabby Hayes)
• They Drive by Night (1940, Director) (with George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Humphrey Bogart)
• High Sierra (1941, Director) (with Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart)
• The Strawberry Blonde (1941, Director) (with James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland)
• They Died with Their Boots On (1941, Director) (with Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland)
• Manpower (1941, Director) (with Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, and George Raft)
• Desperate Journey (1942) (with Errol Flynn and Ronald Reagan)
• Gentleman Jim (1942, Director) (with Errol Flynn and William Frawley)
• Northern Pursuit (1943, Director) (with Errol Flynn)
• Uncertain Glory (1944, Director) (with Errol Flynn)
• Objective, Burma! (1945, Director) (with Errol Flynn)
• The Man I Love (1947, Director) (with Ida Lupino)
• Pursued (1947, Director) (with Robert Mitchum and Teresa Wright)
• Cheyenne (1947, Director) (with Dennis Morgan and Jane Wyman)
• Silver River (1948, Director) (with Errol Flynn)
• Fighter Squadron (1948, Director) (with Edmond O'Brien)
• White Heat (1949, Director) (with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien)
• Colorado Territory (1949, Director, a remake of High Sierra) (with Joel McCrea, Virginia Mayo, Dorothy Malone, and Henry Hull)
• The Enforcer (1951, Director) (with Humphrey Bogart) (uncredited)[lower-alpha 1]
• Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951, Director) (with Gregory Peck and Virginia Mayo)
• Along the Great Divide (1951, Director) (with Kirk Douglas, Virginia Mayo, John Agar and Walter Brennan)
• Distant Drums (1951, Director, remarkable for its innovative sound effects)
• Blackbeard the Pirate (1952, Director) (with Robert Newton, Linda Darnell and William Bendix)
• The World in His Arms (1952, Director) (with Gregory Peck, Ann Blyth and Anthony Quinn)
• Gun Fury (1953, Director) (with Donna Reed and Lee Marvin)
• A Lion Is in the Streets (1953, Director) (with James Cagney and Lon Chaney Jr.)
• The Lawless Breed (1953, Director) (with Rock Hudson)
• Sea Devils (1953, Director) (with Rock Hudson)
• Saskatchewan (1954, Director)
• Battle Cry (1955, Director)
• The Tall Men (1955, Director) (with Clark Gable and Jane Russell)
• The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956, Director) (with Jane Russell and Richard Egan)
• The King and Four Queens (1956, Director) (with Clark Gable and Eleanor Parker)
• Band of Angels (1957, Director) (with Clark Gable, Yvonne De Carlo, and Sidney Poitier)
• The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958, Director)
• The Naked and the Dead (1958, Director) (with Cliff Robertson, based on the best-selling novel by Norman Mailer)
• Esther and the King (1960, Director)
• Marines, Let's Go (1961, Director)
• A Distant Trumpet (1964, Director) (final film)

Miscellaneous

• The Conqueror (Writer) (1917)
• The Big Trail (story contributor) (uncredited) (1930)
• Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N. (producer) (uncredited) (1951)
• The Lawless Breed (producer) (uncredited) (1953)
• Esther and the King (screenplay) (1960)
• The Men Who Made the Movies: Raoul Walsh (TV movie documentary)
• Himself (1973)

Notes

1. Walsh replaced director Bretaigne Windust, who fell severely ill, on The Enforcer and shot over half the film, but refused to take screen credit.

References

1. Ellenberger, Allan R. (2001). Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory. McFarland & Company. p. 232. ISBN 0-7864-0983-5.
2. Meeks, Eric G. (2012). The Best Guide Ever to Palm Springs Celebrity Homes. Horatio Limburger Oglethorpe. p. 145. ISBN 978-1479328598.
3. Peter B. Flint (January 3, 1981). "Raoul Walsh, 93, Dead; Early Director of Movies". The New York Times. p. 26.
4. "Cinema Archives". Wesleyan University. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

Further reading

• Moss. Marilyn Ann (2011). Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director. University Press of Kentucky.
• Smith, Renee D. (2013). The Films of Raoul Walsh: A Critical Approach
• Paolo Bachmann (1977). Raoul Walsh. Turin: Quaderni del Movie Club di Torino. (in Italian)
• Jean-Louis Comolli (1964). "L'esprit d'aventure". Cahiers du cinéma, no. 154, April. (in French)
• Toni D'Angela, Toni (2008). Raoul Walsh o dell'avventura singolare, Rome: Bulzoni. (in Italian)
• "Trafic", no. 28, Winter 1998. (in French)
• "La furia umana", no. 1. 2009. (in Italian)

External links

• Raoul Walsh on IMDb
• Raoul Walsh at AllMovie
• Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
• Raoul Walsh at Virtual History