Protista taxonomy

A protist (/ˈproʊtɪst/) is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. The protists do not form a natural group, or clade, since they exclude certain eukaryotes with whom they share a common ancestor;[lower-alpha 1] but, like algae or invertebrates, the grouping is used for convenience. In some systems of biological classification, such as the popular five-kingdom scheme proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969, the protists make up a kingdom called Protista, composed of "organisms which are unicellular or unicellular-colonial and which form no tissues".[1][2][lower-alpha 2]

The following groups contain protists. The clade Opisthokonta also contains the animals and the fungi, and the kingdom Archaeplastida also contains algae and plants.

Unikonta (Sarcomastigota) Cavalier-Smith, 1987

Phylum Amoebozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998

Subphylum Conosa
- Infraphylum Archamoeba Cavalier-Smith, 1983
  - Class Archamoeba
    - Order Mastigamoebida
      - Family Mastigamoebidae
      - Family Endolimacidae
    - Order Pelobiontida
      - Family Pelomyxidae Greef, 1874
      - Family Entamoebidae
- Infraphylum Mycetozoa
  - Class Stelamoebea
    - Order Protostelida
      - Family Protosteliidae
      - Family Cavosteliidae
    - Order Dictyosteliida
      - Family Acytosteliidae
      - Family Dictyosteliidae
  - Class Myxogastrea
    - Order Parastelida
      - Family Ceratiomyxidae
    - Order Echinosteliida
      - Family Echinosteliidae
      - Family Clastodermidae
    - Order Liceida
      - Family Listerellidae
      - Family Liceidae
      - Family Enteridiidae
    - Order Trichiida
      - Family Dianemidae
      - Family Trichiidae
    - Order Stemonitida
      - Family Stemonitidae
    - Order Physarida
      - Family Elaeomyxidae
      - Family Physaridae
      - Family Didymiidae
Subphylum Lobosa (Lobosea)
- Class Discosea
  - Order Dermamoebida
    - Family Thecamoebidae
  - Order Glycostylida
    - Family Vannellidae
    - Family Multiciliidae
    - Family Vexilliferidae
    - Family Paramoebidae
  - Order Himatismenida
    - Family Cochliopodiidae
- Class Tubulinea
  - Order Arcellinida
    - Suborder Arcellina
      - Family Arcellidae
      - Family Microchlamyiidae
      - Family Microcoryciidae
    - Suborder Difflugiina
      - Family Centropyxidae
      - Family Difflugiidae
      - Family Distomatopyxidae
      - Family Heleoperidae
      - Family Hyalospheniidae
      - Family Lamtopyxidae
      - Family Lesquereusiidae
      - Family Nebelidae
      - Family Paraquadrulidae
      - Family Plagiopyxidae
      - Family Trigonopyxidae
    - Suborder Phryganellina
      - Family Cryptodifflugiidae
      - Family Phryganellidae
  - Order Leptomyxida
    - Family Flabellulidae
    - Family Leptomyxidae
  - Order Tubulinida
    - Family Amoebidae
    - Family Hartmannellidae
Subphylum Protamoebae
- Class Breviatea
  - Order Breviatida
- Class Variosea
  - Order Centramoebida
    - Family Acanthamoebidae
    - Family Balamuthiidae
  - Order Phalansteriida
    - Family Phalansteriidae
  - Order Varipodida
    - Family Gephyramoebidae
    - Family Filamoebidae

Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1981

Holozoa

Class Ichthyosporea
- Order Dermocystida
  - Family Dermocystidae
- Order Ichthyophonida
  - Family Ichthyophonida
Filozoa
- Class Filasterea
  - Order Ministeriida
    - Family Capsasporidae
    - Family Ministeriidae
- Apoikozoa
  - Class Choanoflagellatea
    - Order Choanoflagellida
      - Family Codonosigidae
      - Family Salpingoecidae
    - Order Acanthoecida
      - Family Acanthoecidae
  - Kingdom Animalia

Holomycota

Class Cristidiscoidia
- Order Fonticulida
  - Family Fonticulidae
- Order Nucleariida
  - Family Nucleariidae
  - Family Pompholyxophryidae
Zoosporia
- Opisthosporidia
- Kingdom Fungi

Bikonta (Biciliata) Cavalier-Smith, 2002

Kingdom Archaeplastida (Primoplantae) Sina Adl, 2005

Division Glaucophyta Heinrich L. Skuja, 1954

Class Glaucophyceae Bohlin, 1901
- Order Glaucocystales Bessey, 1907
  - Family Glaucocystaceae G.S. West, 1904

Division Rhodophyta Wettstein, 1922

Subdivision Cyanidiophytina
- Class Cyanidiophyceae
  - Order Cyanidiales
    - Family Cyanidiaceae Geitler, 1935
    - Family Galdieriaceae
Subdivision Eurhodophytina
- Class Bangiophyceae Wettst., 1901
  - Order Bangiales
    - Family Bangiaceae
    - Family Boldiaceae
  - Order Goniotrichales Skuja, 1939
    - Family Goniotrichaceae
- Class Florideophyceae Cronquist, 1960
  - Subclass Hildenbrandiophycidae
    - Order Hildenbrandiales Pueschel & Cole, 1982
      - Family Hildenbrandiaceae Rabenhorst, 1868
  - Subclass Nemaliophycidae
    - Order Acrochaetiales
      - Family Acrochaetiaceae
    - Order Batrachospermales
      - Family Lemaneaceae
    - Order Balliales
      - Family Balliaceae
    - Order Balbianiales Sheath & K.M. Müller, 1999
      - Family Balbianiaceae
    - Order Corallinales
      - Family Corallinaceae Lamouroux, 1812
        Subfamily Amphiroideae
        
        Subfamily Corallinoideae
        
        Subfamily Lithophylloideae
        
        Subfamily Mastophoroideae
        
        Subfamily Metagoniolithoideae
    - Order Colaconematales
      - Family Colaconemataceae
    - Order Nemaliales
      - Family Galaxauraceae
      - Family Liagoraceae
      - Family Scinaiaceae
    - Order Palmariales
      - Family Palmariaceae
    - Order Rhodogorgonales
      - Family Rhodogorgonaceae
    - Order Thoreales
      - Family Thoreaceae
  - Subclass Ahnfeltiophycidae
    - Order Ahnfeltiales
      - Family Ahnfeltiaceae
    - Order Pihiellales
      - Family Pihiellaceae
  - Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
    - Order Bonnemaisoniales
      - Family Bonnemaisoniaceae
    - Order Gigartinales F. Schmitz, 1892
      - Family Acrotylaceae
      - Family Areschougiaceae
      - Family Blinksiaceae
      - Family Calosiphonaceae
      - Family Catenellopsidaceae
      - Family Caulacanthaceae
      - Family Chondriellaceae
      - Family Choreocolacaceae
      - Family Corynocystaceae
      - Family Crossocarpaceae
      - Family Cruoriaceae
      - Family Cubiculosporaceae
      - Family Cystocloniaceae
      - Family Dicranemataceae
      - Family Dumontiaceae
      - Family Endocladiaceae
      - Family Furcellariaceae
      - Family Gainiaceae
      - Family Gigartinaceae
      - Family Gloiosiphoniaceae
      - Family Haemeschariaceae
      - Family Hypneaceae
      - Family Kallymeniaceae
      - Family Mychodeaceae
      - Family Mychodeophyllaceae
      - Family Nizymeniaceae
      - Family Phacelocarpaceae
      - Family Phyllophoraceae
      - Family Polyidaceae
      - Family Rhizophyllidaceae
      - Family Rissoellaceae
      - Family Schmiziellaceae
      - Family Solieriaceae
      - Family Sphaerococcaceae
      - Family Tichocarpaceae
    - Order Gelidiales
      - Family Gelidiaceae
      - Family Gelidiellaceae
      - Family Pterocladiaceae
    - Order Gracilariales
      - Family Gracilariaceae
      - Family Pterocladiophilaceae
    - Order Halymeniales
      - Family Halymeniaceae
    - Order Rhodymeniales F. Schmitz & Engl, 1892
      - Family Champiaceae
      - Family Faucheaceae
      - Family Hymenocladiaceae
      - Family Lomentariaceae
      - Family Rhodymeniaceae
    - Order Nemastomatales Kylin, 1925
      - Family Nemastomataceae
      - Family Schizymeniaceae
    - Order Plocamiales
      - Family Plocamiaceae
      - Family Sarcodiaceae
    - Order Ceramiales
      - Family Ceramiaceae
      - Family Delesseriaceae
Subdivision Rhodophytina
- Class Compsopogonophyceae
  - Order Compsopogonales Skuja, 1939
    - Family Compsopogonaceae F. Schmitz, 1896
  - Order Rhodochaetales
    - Family Rhodochaetaceae
  - Order Erythropeltidales Garbary, G.I. Hansen & Scagel, 1980
    - Family Erythropeltidaceae
    - Family Erythrotrichiaceae G.M. Smith, 1933
- Class Porphyridiophyceae Kylin, 1937
  - Order Porphyridiales Kylin, 1937
    - Family Phragmonemataceae Skuja, 1939
    - Family Porphyridiaceae Kylin, 1937
- Class Rhodellophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1998
  - Order Dixoniellales
    - Family Dixoniellaceae
  - Order Glaucosphaerales
    - Family Glaucosphaeraceae Skuja, 1954
  - Order Rhodellales
    - Family Rhodellaceae
- Class Stylonematophyceae
  - Order Rufusiales Zuccarello & J.A. West, 2008
    - Family Rufusiaceae Zuccarello & J.A. West, 2008
  - Order Stylonematales
    - Family Stylonemataceae
Subdivision Metarhodophytina
- Class Compsopogonophyceae G.W. Saunders & Hommersand, 2004
  - Order Compsopogonales Skuja, 1939
    - Family Boldiaceae
    - Family Compsopogonaceae
  - Order Erythropeltidales Garbary, 1980
    - Family Erythrotrichiaceae
  - Order Rhodochaetales Bessey, 1907
    - Family Rhodochaetaceae

Subkingdom Plant

Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981

Subkingdom SAR Cavalier-Smith, 2010

Infrakingdom Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002

Phylum Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998

Subphylum Filosa
- Superclass Reticulofilosa
  - Class Chlorarachnea
    - Order Chlorarachnida
      - Family Chlorarachniidae
  - Class Spongomonadea
    - Order Spongomonadida
      - Family Spongomonadidae
  - Class Proteomyxidea
    - Order Pseudosporida
      - Family Pseudosporidae
    - Order Leucodictyida
      - Family Leucodictyidae
      - Family Massisteriidae
    - Order Heliomonadida
      - Family Dimorphidae
    - Order Reticulosida
      - Family Gymnophryidae
- Superclass Monadofilosa
  - Class Sarcomonadea
    - Order Metopiida
      - Family Metopiidae
    - Order Cercomonadida
      - Family Cercomonadidae
      - Family Heteromitidae
  - Class Thecofilosea
    - Order Tectofilosida
      - Family Pseudodifflugiidae
      - Family Chlamydophryidae
      - Family Psammonobiotidae
      - Family Amphitremidae
      - Family Volutellidae
  - Class Imbricatea
    - Order Thaumatomonadida
      - Family Thaumatomastigidae
    - Order Euglyphida
      - Family Cyphoderiidae
      - Family Euglyphidae
      - Family Paulinellidae
      - Family Trinematidae
Subphylum Endomyxa
- Class Phytomyxea
  - Order Plasmodiophorida
    - Family Plasmodiophoridae
- Class Ascetosporea
  - Order Haplosporida
    - Family Haplosporidiidae
  - Order Paramyxida
    - Family Paramyxidae

Phylum Retaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002

Subphylum Foraminifera (Granuloreticulosa) d'Orbigny, 1826
- Class Athalamea
  - Family Reticulomyxidae
- Class Polythalamea
  - Order †Fusulinida
    - Superfamily †Archaediscacea Cushman, 1928
      - Family †Archaediscidae Cushman, 1928
      - Family †Lasiodiscidae Reytlinger, 1956
    - Superfamily †Colaniellacea Fursenko, 1959
      - Family †Colaniellidae Fursenko, 1959
    - Superfamily †Earlandiacea Cummings, 1955
      - Family †Earlandiidae Cummings, 1955
      - Family †Pseudoammodiscidae Conil & Lys, 1970
      - Family †Pseudolituotubidae Conil & Longerstaey, 1980
    - Superfamily †Endothyracea
      - Family †Endothyridae
    - Superfamily †Fusulinacea Leoblich & Tappan, 1988
      - Family †Loeblichidae
      - Family †Ozawainellidae
      - Family †Fusulinidae
      - Family †Schwagerinidae
      - Family †Staffelllidae
      - Family †Verbeekinidae
      - Family †Neoschwageriidae
    - Superfamily †Geinitzinacea
      - Family †Geinitzinidae
      - Family †Pachyphloiidae
    - Superfamily †Moravamminacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
      - Family †Caligellidae
      - Family †Moravamminidae
      - Family †Paratickenellidae
    - Superfamily †Nodosinellacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
      - Family †Earlandinitidae
      - Family †Nodosinellidae
    - Superfamily †Palaeotextulariacea Galloway, 1933
      - Family †Biseriamminidae Chernysheva, 1941
      - Family †Palaeotextulariidae Galloway, 1933
      - Family †Semitextulariidae Pokorný, 1956
    - Superfamily †Parathuramminacea E.V. Bykova, 1955
      - Family †Archaesphaeridae Malakhova, 1956
      - Family †Auroriidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
      - Family †Chrysothuramminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
      - Family †Eovolutinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
      - Family †Ivanovellidae Chuvashov & Yuferev, 1984
      - Family †Marginaridae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
      - Family †Parathuramminidae E.V. Bykova, 1955
      - Family †Tuberitinidae A.D. Miklukho-Maklay, 1958
      - Family †Uralinellidae Chuvashov, Yuferev & Zadorozhnyy, 1984
      - Family †Usloniidae A.D. Miklukho-Maklay, 1963
    - Superfamily †Ptychocladiacea Elias, 1950
      - Family †Ptychocladiidae Elias, 1950
    - Superfamily †Tetrataxacea Galloway, 1933
      - Family †Abadehellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Pseudotaxidae Mamet, 1974
      - Family †Tetrataxidae Galloway, 1933
      - Family †Valvulinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
    - Superfamily †Tournayellacea Dain, 1953
      - Family †Palaeospiroplectamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Tournayellidae Dain, 1953
  - Order †Involutinida
    - Family †Hirsutospirellidae
    - Family †Involutinidae
    - Family †Planispirillinidae
    - Family †Ventrolaminidae
  - Order Allogromiida
    - Family Allogromiidae
    - Family Hospitellidae
    - Family Lagynidae
    - Family Maylisoriidae
    - Family Phthanotrochidae
  - Order Carterinida
    - Family Carterinidae
  - Order Globigerinida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
    - Superfamily †Globotruncanacea Brotzen, 1942
      - Family †Globotruncanidae Brotzen, 1942
      - Family †Rugoglobigerinidae Subbotina, 1959
    - Superfamily †Hantkeninacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Cassigerinellidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
      - Family †Globanomalinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Hantkeninidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily †Planomalinacea Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
      - Family †Globigerinelloididae Longoria, 1974
      - Family †Planomalinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
      - Family †Schackoinidae Pokorný, 1958
    - Superfamily †Rotaliporacea Sigal, 1958
      - Family †Favusellidae Longoria, 1974
      - Family †Globuligerinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Hedbergellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
      - Family †Rotaliporidae Sigal, 1958
    - Superfamily Globigerinacea Carpenter, Parker & Jones, 1862
      - Family Globigerinidae Carpenter, Parker & Jones, 1862
      - Family Hastigerinidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
    - Superfamily Globorotaliacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Catapsydracidae Bolli, Loeblich & Tappan, 1957
      - Family †Eoglobigerinidae Blow, 1979
      - Family †Truncorotaloididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
      - Family Candeinidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Globorotaliidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Pulleniatinidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily Heterohelicacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Heterohelicidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Chiloguembelinidae Reiss, 1963
      - Family Guembelitriidae Montanaro Gallitelli, 1957
  - Order Lagenida
    - Superfamily Nodosariacea
      - Family Nodosariidae
      - Family Ellipsolagenidae
      - Family Glandulinidae
      - Family Lagenidae
      - Family Polymorphinidae
      - Family Vaginulinidae
    - Superfamily Robuloidacea
      - Family Robuloididae
      - Family Ichthyolariidae
      - Family Partisaniidae
      - Family Syzraniidae
  - Order Lituolida
    - Superfamily Ammodiscoidea
      - Family Ammodiscidae
    - Superfamily Ataxophragmioidea
      - Family †Ataxophragmiidae
      - Family †Cuneolinidae
      - Family Globotextulariidae
      - Family Textulariellidae
    - Superfamily Haplophragmioidea
      - Family Ammobaculinidae
      - Family Ammosphaeroidinidae
      - Family Discamminidae
      - Family Haplophragmoididae
    - Superfamily Hormosinelloidea
      - Family Ammolagenidae
      - Family Hormosinellidae
    - Superfamily Hormosinoidea
      - Family Aschemocellidae
      - Family Dusenburyinidae
      - Family Hormosinidae
      - Family Sphaeramminidae
      - Family Telamminidae
    - Superfamily Lituoloidea
      - Family Lituolidae
      - Family Placopsilinidae
    - Superfamily Lituotuboidea
      - Family Lituotubidae
      - Family Trochamminoidae
    - Superfamily Loftusioidea
      - Family Cyclamminidae
    - Superfamily Orbitolinoidea
      - Family Orbitolinidae
    - Superfamily Rzehakinoidea
      - Family Rzehakinidae
      - Family Trilocularenidae
    - Superfamily Spiroplectamminoidea
      - Family Duquepsammiidae
      - Family Nouriidae
      - Family Pseudobolivinidae
      - Family Spiroplectamminidae
      - Family Textulariopsidae
    - Superfamily Verneuilinoidea
      - Family Prolixoplectidae
      - Family Reophacellidae
      - Family Tritaxiidae
      - Family Verneuilinidae
  - Order Miliolida
    - Superfamily Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1854
      - Family †Baisalinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
      - Family Cornuspiridae Schultze, 1854
      - Family Discospirinidae Wiesner, 1931
      - Family Fischerinidae Millett, 1898
      - Family Hemigordiopsidae A. Nikitina, 1969
      - Family Nubeculariidae Jones, 1875
      - Family Ophthalmidiidae Wiesner, 1920
    - Superfamily Miliolacea
      - Family Alveolinidae
      - Family Fischerinidae
      - Family Hemigordiopsidae
      - Family Miliolidae
      - Family Milioliporidae
      - Family Nubeculariidae
      - Family Soritidae
      - Family Squamulinidae
    - Superfamily Soritacea Ehrenberg, 1839
      - Family Soritidae
      - Family Alveolinidae
      - Family Milioliporidae
      - Family Peneroplidae
    - Superfamily Squamulinacea Reuss & Fritsch, 1861
      - Family Squamulinidae Reuss & Fritsch, 1861
  - Order Robertinida Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
    - Superfamily †Conorboiodacea Thalmann, 1952
      - Family †Conorboididae Thalmann, 1952
    - Superfamily †Duostominacea Brotzen, 1963
      - Family †Asymmetrinidae Brotzen, 1964
      - Family †Duostominidae Brotzen, 1963
      - Family †Oberhauserellidae Fuchs, 1970
    - Superfamily Ceratobuliminacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family Ceratobuliminidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Epistominidae Wedekind, 1937
    - Superfamily Robertinacea Reuss, 1850
      - Family Robertinidae Reuss, 1850
  - Order Rotaliida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
    - Superfamily †Eouvigerinacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Eouvigerinidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Lacosteinidae Sigal, 1952
    - Superfamily †Orbitoidacea Schwager, 1876
      - Family †Lepidorbitoididae Vaughan, 1933
      - Family †Linderinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Orbitoididae Schwager, 1876
    - Superfamily Acervulinacea Schultze, 1854
      - Family Acervulinidae Schultze, 1854
      - Family Homotrematidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily Annulopatellinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Annulopatellinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1965
    - Superfamily Asterigerinacea d'Orbigny, 1839
      - Family †Boreloididae Reiss, 1963
      - Family †Lepidocyclinidae Scheffen, 1932
      - Family Alfredinidae S.N. Singh & Kalia, 1972
      - Family Amphisteginidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Asterigerinatidae Reiss, 1963
      - Family Asterigerinidae d'Orbigny, 1839
      - Family Epistomariidae Hofker, 1954
    - Superfamily Bolivinacea Glaessner, 1937
      - Family †Bolivinoididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family Bolivinidae Glaessner, 1937
    - Superfamily Bolivinitacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family Bolivinitidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily Buliminacea Jones, 1875
      - Family Buliminellidae Hofker, 1951
      - Family Buliminidae Jones, 1875
      - Family Millettiidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Pavoninidae Eimer & Fickert, 1899
      - Family Reussellidae Cushman, 1933
      - Family Siphogenerinoididae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Trimosinidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Uvigerinidae Haeckel, 1894
    - Superfamily Cassidulinacea d'Orbigny, 1839
      - Family †Cassidulinidae d'Orbigny, 1839
      - Family Cassidulinitidae Saidova, 1981
    - Superfamily Chilostomellacea Brady, 1881
      - Family †Coleitidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Globorotalitidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family Alabaminidae Hofker, 1951
      - Family Chilostomellidae Brady, 1881
      - Family Gavelinellidae Hofker, 1956
      - Family Heterolepidae González-Donoso, 1969
      - Family Karreriidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Oridorsalidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family Osangulariidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Quadrimorphinidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Trichohyalidae Saidova, 1981
    - Superfamily Delosinacea Parr, 1950
      - Family †Tremachoridae Lipps & K.L. Lipps, 1967
      - Family Caucasinidae Parr, 1950
      - Family Delosinidae Parr, 1950
    - Superfamily Discorbacea Ehrenberg, 1838
      - Family †Conorbinidae Reiss, 1963
      - Family Bagginidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Bueningiidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Eponididae Hofker, 1951
      - Family Heleninidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
      - Family Mississippinidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Pannellainidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1967
      - Family Pegidiidae Heron-Allen & Earland, 1928
      - Family Placentulinidae G.K. Kasimova, Poroshina & Geodakchan, 1980
      - Family Rosalinidae Reiss, 1963
      - Family Rotaliellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Sphaeroidinidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Ungulatellidae Seiglie, 1964
    - Superfamily Discorbinellacea Sigal, 1952
      - Family Parrelloididae Hofker, 1956
      - Family Planulinoididae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Pseudoparrellidae Voloshinova, 1952
    - Superfamily Fursenkoinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
      - Family Fursenkoinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1962
      - Family Virgulinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
    - Superfamily Glabratellacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Buliminoididae Seiglie, 1970
      - Family Glabratellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Heronalleniidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
    - Superfamily Loxostomatacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1962
      - Family †Loxostomatidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1962
      - Family Bolivinellidae Hayward, 1980
      - Family Tortoplectellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
    - Superfamily Nonionacea Schultze, 1854
      - Family Almaenidae Myatlyuk, 1959
      - Family Nonionidae Schultze, 1854
      - Family Spirotectinidae Saidova, 1981
    - Superfamily Nummulitacea de Blainville, 1827
      - Family †Asterocyclinidae Brönnimann, 1951
      - Family †Discocyclinidae Galloway, 1928
      - Family †Pellatispiridae Hanzawa, 1937
      - Family Nummulitidae de Blainville, 1827
    - Superfamily Planorbulinacea Schwager, 1877
      - Family Bisacciidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1988
      - Family Cibicididae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Cymbaloporidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Planorbulinidae Schwager, 1877
      - Family Planulinidae Bermúdez, 1952
      - Family Victoriellidae Chapman & Crespin, 1930
    - Superfamily Pleurostomellacea Reuss, 1860
      - Family Pleurostomellidae Reuss, 1860
    - Superfamily Rotaliacea Ehrenberg, 1839
      - Family †Chapmaninidae Thalmann, 1938
      - Family †Miogypsinidae Vaughan, 1928
      - Family †Pseudorbitoididae M.G. Rutten, 1935
      - Family Calcarinidae Schwager, 1876
      - Family Elphidiidae Galloway, 1933
      - Family Rotaliidae Ehrenberg, 1839
    - Superfamily Siphoninacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family Siphoninidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily Stilostomellacea Finlay, 1947
      - Family Stilostomellidae Finlay, 1947
    - Superfamily Turrilinacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Turrilinidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Stainforthiidae Reiss, 1963
      - Family Tosaiidae Saidova, 1981
  - Order Silicoloculinida
    - Family Silicoloculinidae
  - Order Spirillinida
    - Family Patellinidae
    - Family Spirillinidae
  - Order Textulariida Delage & Herouard, 1896
    - Superfamily †Orbitolinacea Martin, 1890
      - Family †Orbitolinidae Martin, 1890
    - Superfamily †Pavonitinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
      - Family †Marieitidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
    - Superfamily †Biokovinacea Gusiæ, 1977
      - Family †Biokovinidae Gusiæ, 1977
      - Family †Charentiidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family †Lituoliporidae Gusiæ & Veliæ, 1978
    - Superfamily †Cyclolinacea Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family †Cyclolinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family †Orbitopsellidae Hottinger & Caus, 1982
    - Superfamily Ataxophragmiacea Schwager, 1877
      - Family †Ataxophragmiidae Schwager, 1877
      - Family †Coskinolinidae Moullade, 1965
      - Family †Cuneolinidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family †Dictyopsellidae Bröniman, Zaninetti & Whittaker, 1983
      - Family †Dicyclinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family †Pfenderinidae Smout & Smugden, 1962
      - Family Globotextulariidae Cushman, 1927
      - Family Textulariellidae Grönhagen & Luterbacher, 1966
    - Superfamily Coscinophragmatacea Thalmann, 1951
      - Family Coscinophragmatidae Thalmann, 1951
      - Family Haddoniidae Saidova, 1981
    - Superfamily Haplophragmiacea Eimer & Fickert, 1899
      - Family †Barkerinidae Smout, 1956
      - Family †Haplophragmiidae Eimer & Fickert, 1899
      - Family †Labyrinthidomatidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1987
      - Family †Nezzazatidae Hamaoui & Saint-Marc, 1970
      - Family Acupeinidae Brnimann & Zaninetti, 1984
      - Family Ammobaculinidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Ammosphaeroidinidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily Hormosinacea Haeckel, 1894
      - Family †Cribratinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Ascheomocellidae Vyalov, 1966
      - Family Dusenburyinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family Hormosinidae Haeckel, 1894
      - Family Telamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family Thomasinellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
    - Superfamily Lituolacea de Blainville, 1827
      - Family †Mayncinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family †Nautiloculinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family †Oxinoxisidae Vyalov, 1968
      - Family Discamminidae Mikhalevich, 1980
      - Family Haplophragmoididae Maync, 1952
      - Family Lituolidae de Blainville, 1827
      - Family Lituotubidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1984
      - Family Placopsilinidae Rhumbler, 1913
      - Family Sphaeramminidae Cushman, 1933
    - Superfamily Loftusiacea Brady, 1884
      - Family †Ecougellidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family †Hottingeritidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family †Loftusiidae Brady, 1884
      - Family †Mesoendothyridae Voloshinova, 1958
      - Family †Spirocyclinidae Munier-Chalmas, 1887
      - Family Cyclamminidae Marie, 1941
    - Superfamily Rzehakinacea Cushman, 1933
      - Family Rzehakinidae Cushman, 1933
    - Superfamily Spiroplectamminacea Cushman, 1927
      - Family †Plectrorecurvoididae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family †Textulariopsidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1982
      - Family Nouriidae Chapman & Parr, 1936
      - Family Pseudobolivinidae Wiesner, 1931
      - Family Spiroplectamminidae Cushman, 1927
    - Superfamily Textulariacea Ehrenberg, 1838
      - Family †Chrysalidinidae Neagu, 1968
      - Family †Valvulamminidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1986
      - Family Eggerellidae Cushman, 1937
      - Family Glaucoamminidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family Pseudogaudryinidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family Textulariidae Ehrenberg, 1838
      - Family Valvulinidae Berthelin, 1880
    - Superfamily Trochamminacea Schwager, 1877
      - Family Remaneicidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1964
      - Family Trochamminidae Schwager, 1877
    - Superfamily Verneuilinacea Cushman, 1911
      - Family †Conorbinellidae Brönnimann, Zaninetti & Whittaker, 1983
      - Family †Conotrochamminidae Saidova, 1981
      - Family †Tritaxiidae Plotnikova, 1979
      - Family Prolixoplectidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985
      - Family Verneuilinidae Cushman, 1911
- Class Schizocladea
  - Family Schizocladidae
- Class Xenophyophorea
  - Order Psamminida
    - Family Cerelasmidae
    - Family Psammettidae
    - Family Psamminidae
    - Family Syringamminidae
  - Order Stannomida
    - Family Pelosinidae
    - Family Stannomidae
Subphylum Radiozoa
- Superclass Spasmaria
  - Class Acantharea Haeckel, 1881
    - Order Arthracanthida
      - Suborder Phyllacanthina
        Family Dictyacanthidae
        
        Family Phyllostauridae
        
        Family Stauracanthidae
      - Suborder Sphaenacanthina
        Family Acanthometridae
        
        Family Aspidommatidae
        
        Family Diploconidae
        
        Family Dorataspididae
        
        Family Hexalaspididae
        
        Family Lithopteridae
        
        Family Nivaliidae
    - Order Chaunacanthida
      - Family Conacontidae
      - Family Gigartacontidae
      - Family Stauracontidae
    - Order Holacanthida
      - Family Acanthochiasmatidae
      - Family Acanthoplegmatidae
      - Family Chiastolidae
    - Order Symphyacanthida
      - Family Amphilithiidae
      - Family Astrolithiidae
      - Family Pseudolithiidae
- Superclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
  - Class Polycystinea
    - Order Albaillellaria Deflandre, 1953
      - Family Albaillellidae Deflandre, 1953 sensu Holdsworth (1977)
      - Family Ceratoikiscidae Holdsworth, 1969
      - Family Corythoecidae
      - Family Follicucullidae Ormiston & Babcock, 1979
      - Family Palacantholithidae
    - Order Archaeospicularia Dumitrica, Caridroit & De Wever, 2000
      - Family Archeoentactiniidae Won & Below, 1999
      - Superfamily Echidninacea
        Family Echidninidae Kozur, Mostler & Repetski, 1996
      - Superfamily Secuicollactacea Nazarov & Ormiston, 1984
        Family Secuicollactidae
        
        Family Pseudorotasphaeridae
    - Order Collodaria Haeckel 1881
      - Family Collosphaeridae
      - Family Sphaerozoidae
      - Family Thalassosphaeridae
    - Order Entactinaria Kozur & Mostler, 1982
      - Family Capnuchosphaeridae
      - Family Entactiniidae
      - Family Eptingiidae
      - Family Heptacladidae
      - Family Hexalonchidae
      - Family Hexastylidae
      - Family Hindeosphaeridae
      - Family Inaniguttidae
      - Family Kungalariidae
      - Family Multiarcusellidae
      - Family Palaeolithocycliidae
      - Family Palaeoscenidiidae
      - Family Polyentactiniidae
      - Family Proventocitidae
      - Family Pylentonemidae
      - Family Quinquecapsulariidae
      - Family Rhizosphaeridae
      - Family Saturnalidae
      - Family Spongentactiniidae
      - Family Spongosaturnaloididae
      - Family Thalassothamnidae
    - Order Latentifistularia Caridroit, 1999
      - Family Cauletellidae
      - Family Latentifistulidae
      - Family Ormistonellidae
    - Order Nassellaria
      - Superfamily Acanthodesmiacea
        Family Acanthodesmiidae
        
        Family Artostrobiidae
        
        Family Bulbocyrtiidae
        
        Family Cannobotryidae
        
        Family Carpocaniidae
        
        Family Cuniculiformidae
        
        Family Monicastericidae
        
        Family Planispinocyrtiidae
        
        Family Pterocorythidae
        
        Family Rotaformidae
        
        Family Sethophormididae
        
        Family Spongolophophenidae
        
        Family Spongosilicarmigeridae
        
        Family Stephaniidae
        
        Family Theopiliidae
        
        Family Triospyridae
      - Superfamily Amphipyndacea
        Family Amphipyndacidae
        
        Family Canoptidae
        
        Family Parvicingulidae
        
        Family Spongocapsulidae
        
        Family Syringocapsidae
      - Superfamily Archaeodictyomitracea
        Family Archaeodictyomitridae
        
        Family Hsuidae
        
        Family Unumidae
      - Superfamily Eucyrtidiacea
        Family Bekomidae
        
        Family Eucyrtidiidae
        
        Family Eucyrtiidae
        
        Family Lophocyrtiidae
        
        Family Obeliscoitidae
        
        Family Pseudodictyomitridae
        
        Family Theocotylidae
        
        Family Xitidae
    - Order Spumellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
      - Family Actinommidae
      - Family Anakrusidae
      - Family Angulobracchiidae
      - Family Archaeospongoprunidae
      - Family Astrosphaeridae
      - Family Bolenidae
      - Family Catenopylidae
      - Family Cavaspongiidae
      - Family Coccodiscidae
      - Family Conocaryommidae
      - Family Dactyliosphaeridae
      - Family Emiluviidae
      - Family Entapiidae
      - Family Ethmosphaeridae
      - Family Gomberellidae
      - Family Hagiastridae
      - Family Heliodiscidae
      - Family Hexaporobrachiidae
      - Family Larnacillidae
      - Family Leugeonidae
      - Family Litheliidae
      - Family Miropylidae
      - Family Myelastridae
      - Family Oertlispongidae
      - Family Orbiculiformidae
      - Family Pantanelliidae
      - Family Parasaturnalidae
      - Family Parvivaccidae
      - Family Patulibracchiidae
      - Family Patruliidae
      - Family Phacodiscidae
      - Family Phaseliformidae
      - Family Praeconocaryommidae
      - Family Pseudoacanthocircidae
      - Family Pseudoaulophacidae
      - Family Pyloniidae
      - Family Pyramispongiidae
      - Family Relindellidae
      - Family Spongodiscidae
      - Family Sponguridae
      - Family Stylosphaeridae
      - Family Thalassicollidae
      - Family Tholoniidae
      - Family Tritrabidae
      - Family Veghicycliidae
      - Family Xiphostylidae

Clade Halvaria

Infrakingdom Heterokontophyta (Heterokonta) Cavalier-Smith, 1986

Class Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1995
- Subclass Abaxodinae Mikrjukov, 2001
  - Superorder Actinodinea Mikrjukov, 2001
    - Order Actinophryida Hartmann, 1913
      - Family Actinophryidae
    - Order Ciliophryida Febvre-Chevalier, 1985
      - Family Ciliophryidae Poche, 1913
    - Order Pedinellales Zimmermann, Moestrup & Hällfors, 1984
      - Family Cyrtophoraceae Pascher, 1911
      - Family Pedinellaceae Pascher, 1910
  - Superorder Rhizochromulinea O'Kelly & Wujek, 1995
    - Order Rhizochromulinales O'Kelly & Wujek, 1994
      - Family Rhizochromulinaceae O'Kelly & Wujek, 1994
- Subclass Silicophycidae Rothmaler, 1951
  - Order Dictyochales Haeckel, 1894
    - Family Dictyochaceae Lemmermann, 1901
Class Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariophyta) Haeckel 1878
- Subclass Eunotiophycidae
  - Order Eunotiales
    - Family Eunotiaceae
    - Family Peroniaceae
Class Bicoecea (Bicosoecea)
- Order Anoecales Cavalier-Smith, 1997
- Order Bicoecales Grassé & Deflandre, 1952
Class Bolidophyceae
- Order Bolidomonadales
  - Family Bolidomonadaceae
Class Chrysophyceae (Chrysophyta)
- Order Chromulinales
  - Family Chrysamoebaceae
Class Eustigmatophyceae (Eustigmatophyta) Hibberd & Leedale, 1971
- Order Eustigmatales Hibberd, 1981
  - Family Chlorobothryaceae
  - Family Eustigmataceae
  - Family Loboceae
  - Family Monodopsidaceae
  - Family Pseudocharaciopsidaceae
Class Hyphochytridiomycetes
- Order Hyphochytriales
  - Family Hyphochytriaceae
  - Family Rhizidiomycetaceae
Class Labyrinthulomycetes Dick, 2001
- Order Labyrinthulids
- Order Thraustochytrids
Class Oomycetes (Oomycota) G. Winter, 1880
- Order Albuginales
  - Family Albuginaceae
- Order Lagenismatales
  - Family Lagenismataceae
- Order Leptomitales
  - Family Apodachlyellaceae
  - Family Ducellieriaceae
  - Family Leptolegniellaceae
  - Family Leptomitaceae
- Order Myzocytiopsidales
  - Family Crypticolaceae
  - Family Ectrogellaceae
  - Family Myzocytiopsidaceae
  - Family Pontismataceae
  - Family Sirolpidiaceae
- Order Olpidiopsidales
  - Family Olpidiopsidaceae
- Order Peronosporales
  - Family Peronosporaceae
- Order Pythiales
  - Family Pythiaceae
  - Family Pythiogetonaceae
- Order Rhipidiales
  - Family Rhipidiaceae
- Order Salilagenidiales
  - Family Salilagenidiaceae
- Order Saprolegniales
  - Family Saprolegniaceae
Class Opalinea
- Order Opalinida
  - Family Opalinidae Claus, 1874
Class Pelagophyceae Andersen & Saunders, 1993
- Order Pelagomonadales Andersen & Saunders, 1993
  - Family Pelagomonadaceae
- Order Sarcinochrysidales Gayral & Billard, 1977
  - Family Sarcinochrysidaceae
Class Phaeophyceae (Phaeophyta) Kjellman, 1891
- Order Ascoseirales Petrov, 1964
  - Family Ascoseiraceae
- Order Cutleriales Bessey, 1907
  - Family Cutleriaceae
- Order Desmarestiales Setchell & Gardner, 1925
  - Family Arthrocladiaceae
  - Family Desmarestiaceae
- Order Dictyotales Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828
  - Family Dictyotaceae
  - Family Scoresbyellaceae
- Order Discosporangiales
  - Family Choristocarpaceae
- Order Ectocarpales Bessey, 1907
  - Family Acinetosporaceae
  - Family Adenocystaceae
  - Family Chordariaceae
  - Family Chordariopsidaceae
  - Family Ectocarpaceae
  - Family Mesosporaceae
  - Family Myrionemataceae
  - Family Pylaiellaceae
- Order Fucales Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827
  - Family Bifurcariopsidaceae
  - Family Durvillaeaceae
  - Family Fucaceae
  - Family Himanthaliaceae
  - Family Hormosiraceae
  - Family Notheiaceae
  - Family Sargassaceae
  - Family Seirococcaceae
- Order Ishigeales G.Y. Cho & Boo, 2004
  - Family Ishigeaceae
- Order Laminariales Migula, 1909
  - Family Akkesiphycaceae
  - Family Alariaceae
  - Family Chordaceae
  - Family Costariaceae
  - Family Laminariaceae
  - Family Lessoniaceae
  - Family Pseudochordaceae
- Order Nemodermatales M. Parente, R.L. Fletcher, F. Rousseau & N. Phillips, 2008
  - Family Nemodermataceae
- Order Onslowiales Draisma & Prud'homme van Reine, 2008
  - Family Onslowiaceae
- Order Ralfsiales Nakamura, 1972
  - Family Neoralfsiaceae
  - Family Ralfsiaceae
- Order Scytosiphonales Feldmann, 1949
  - Family Chnoosporaceae
  - Family Scytosiphonaceae
- Order Scytothamnales A.F. Peters & M.N. Clayton, 1998
  - Family Scytothamnaceae
  - Family Splachnidiaceae
- Order Sphacelariales Migula, 1909
  - Family Sphacelariaceae
  - Family Stypocaulaceae
- Order Sporochnales Sauvageau, 1926
  - Family Sporochnaceae
- Order Syringodermatales E.C. Henry, 1984
  - Family Syringodermataceae
- Order Tilopteridales Bessey, 1907
  - Family Halosiphonaceae
  - Family Masonophycaceae
  - Family Phyllariaceae
  - Family Stschapoviaceae
  - Family Tilopteridaceae
Class Pinguiophyceae
- Order Pinguiochrysidales
  - Family Pinguiochrysidaceae
Class Raphidophyceae (Raphidophyta) Chadefaud, 1950
- Order Raphidomonadales
  - Family Vacuolariaceae
Class Synurophyceae Andersen, 1987
- Order Synurales Andersen, 1987
  - Family Mallomonadaceae
  - Family Synuraceae
Class Xanthophyceae (Xanthophyta) Allorge & Fritsch, 1935
- Order Botrydiales
  - Family Botrydiaceae
- Order Chloramoebales
  - Family Chloramoebaceae
- Order Heterogloeales
  - Family Heterogloeaceae
- Order Mischococcales
  - Family Botrydiopsidaceae
  - Family Botryochloridaceae
  - Family Centritractaceae
  - Family Characiopsidaceae
  - Family Chloropediaceae
  - Family Gloeobotrydaceae
  - Family Gloeopodiaceae
  - Family Mischococcaceae
  - Family Ophiocytiaceae
  - Family Pleurochloridaceae
  - Family Trypanochloridaceae
- Order Rhizochloridales
  - Family Myxochloridaceae
  - Family Rhizochloridaceae
  - Family Rhizogranulochloridaceae
  - Family Rhizounochloridaceae
  - Family Stipitococcaceae
- Order Tribonematales
  - Family Heterodendraceae
  - Family Heteropediaceae
  - Family Neonemataceae
  - Family Tribonemataceae
  - Family Xanthonemataceae
- Order Vaucheriales
  - Family Vaucheriaceae

Infrakingdom Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991

Phlyum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora
- Class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859
  - Order Armophorida
    - Family Caenomorphidae
    - Family Metopidae
  - Order Clevelandellida
    - Family Nyctotheridae
  - Order Heterotrichida
    - Suborder Coliphorina
      - Family Folliculinidae
  - Order Licnophorida
    - Family Licnophoridae
  - Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940
    - Family Epalxellidae Corliss, 1960
    - Family Discomorphellidae Corliss, 1960
    - Family Mylestomatidae Kahl, Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
  - Order Phacodiniida
    - Family Phacodiniidae
  - Order Plagiotomida
    - Family Plagiotomidae
- Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974
  - Order Protostomatida
    - Family Kentrophoridae
    - Family Trachelocercidae
  - Order Loxodida
    - Family Cryptopharyngidae
    - Family Loxodidae
  - Order Protoheterotrichida
    - Family Geleiidae
Subphylum Intramacronucleata
- Class Spirotrichea
  - Subclass Choreotrichia
    - Order Tintinnida
      - Family Ascampbelliellidae
      - Family Codonellidae
      - Family Codonellopsidae
      - Family Cyttarocylididae
      - Family Dictyocystidae
      - Family Epiplocylididae
      - Family Metacylididae
      - Family Nolaclusiliidae
      - Family Petalotrichidae
      - Family Ptychocylididae
      - Family Rhabdonellidae
      - Family Tintinnidae
      - Family Tintinnidiidae
      - Family Undellidae
      - Family Xystonellidae
  - Subclass Hypotrichia
    - Order Euplotida
      - Suborder Discocephalina
        Family Discocephalidae
      - Suborder Euplotina
        Family Aspidiscidae
        
        Family Certesiidae
        
        Family Euplotidae
        
        Family Gastrocirrhidae
        
        Family Uronychiidae
    - Order Kiitrichida
      - Family Kiitrichidae
  - Subclass Stichotrichia
- Class Litostomatea
  - Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974
    - Order Cyclotrichiida
      - Family Mesodiniidae
    - Order Haptorida
      - Family Acropisthiidae
      - Family Didiniidae
      - Family Enchelyidae
      - Family Helicoprorodontidae
      - Family Homalozoonidae
      - Family Lacrymariidae
      - Family Pseudotrachelocercidae
      - Family Spathidiidae
      - Family Tracheliidae
      - Family Trachelophyllidae
    - Order Pleurostomatida
      - Family Amphileptidae
      - Family Litonotidae
  - Subclass Trichostomatia
    - Order Entodiniomorphida
      - Suborder Archistomatina de Puytorac, 1974
        Family Buetschliidae Poche, 1913
      - Suborder Blepharocorythina Wolska, 1971
        Family Blepharocorythidae Hsiung, 1930
      - Suborder Entodiniomorphina Reichenow, Doflein & Reichenow, 1929
        Family Cycloposthiidae Poche, 1913
        
        Family Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1859
        
        Family Spirodiniidae Strelkow, 1939
        
        Family Troglodytellidae Corliss, 1979
    - Order Vestibuliferida
      - Family Balantidiidae Reichenow & Reichenow, 1929
      - Family Isotrichidae Bütschli, 1889
- Class Phyllopharyngea
  - Subclass Chonotrichia
    - Order Cryptogemmida
      - Family Actinichonidae
      - Family Echinichonidae
      - Family Inversochonidae
      - Family Isochonidae
      - Family Isochonopsidae
      - Family Stylochonidae
    - Order Exogemmida
      - Family Chilodochonidae
      - Family Filichonidae
      - Family Heliochonidae
      - Family Lobochonidae
      - Family Phyllochonidae
      - Family Spirochonidae
  - Subclass Phyllopharyngia
    - Order Chlamydodontida
      - Family Chilodonellidae
      - Family Chitonellidae
      - Family Chlamydodontidae
      - Family Kryoprorodontidae
      - Family Lynchellidae
    - Order Dysteriida
      - Family Dysteriidae
      - Family Hartmannulidae
      - Family Kyaroikeidae
      - Family Plesiotrichopidae
  - Subclass Suctoria
    - Order Endogenida
      - Family Acinetidae
      - Family Acinetopsidae
      - Family Corynophryidae
      - Family Dendrosomatidae
      - Family Enchelyomorphidae
      - Family Endosphaeridae
      - Family Pseudogemmidae
      - Family Tokophryidae
      - Family Trichophryidae
    - Order Evaginogenida
      - Family Discophryidae
      - Family Rhynchophryidae
    - Order Exogenida
      - Family Dendrosomididae
      - Family Dentacinetidae
      - Family Ephelotidae
      - Family Lecanophryidae
      - Family Manuelophryidae
      - Family Metacinetidae
      - Family Ophryodendridae
      - Family Paracinetidae
      - Family Phalacrocleptidae
      - Family Podophryidae
      - Family Praethecacinetidae
      - Family Rhabdophryidae
      - Family Severonidae
      - Family Spelaeophryidae
      - Family Tachyblastonidae
      - Family Thecacinetidae
- Class Colpodea
  - Order Colpodida
    - Family Colpodidae
- Class Nassophorea
  - Order Nassulida
    - Family Nassulidae
    - Family Paranassulidae
  - Order Microthoracida
    - Family Discotrichidae
    - Family Leptopharyngidae
    - Family Microthoracidae
  - Order Synhymeniida
    - Family Nassulopsidae
    - Family Orthodonellidae
    - Family Scaphidiodontidae
- Class Prostomatea
  - Order Prostomatida
    - Family Metacystidae
  - Order Prorodontida
    - Family Balanionidae
    - Family Colepidae
    - Family Holophryidae
    - Family Placidae
    - Family Plagiocampidae
    - Family Prorodontidae
    - Family Urotrichidae
- Class Plagiopylea
  - Order Plagiopylida Small & Lynn, 1985
    - Family Plagiopylidae
    - Family Sonderidae
- Class Oligohymenophorea
  - Subclass Peniculia
    - Order Peniculida
      - Suborder Frontoniina
        Family Clathrostomatidae
        
        Family Frontoniidae
        
        Family Lembadionidae
        
        Family Maritujidae
        
        Family Stokesiidae
      - Suborder Parameciina
        Family Neobursaridiidae
        
        Family Parameciidae
        
        Family Urocentridae
  - Subclass Hymenostomatia
    - Family Glaucomidae
    - Family Ichthyopthiriidae
    - Family Ophryoglenidae
    - Family Tetrahymenidae Corliss, 1952
    - Family Turaniellidae
  - Subclass Scuticociliatia
    - Order Philasterida
      - Family Cinetochilidae
      - Family Cohnilembidae
      - Family Cryptochilidae
      - Family Entodiscidae
      - Family Entorhipidiidae
      - Family Loxocephalidae
      - Family Orchitophryidae
      - Family Paralembidae
      - Family Parauronematidae
      - Family Philasteridae
      - Family Pseudocohnilembidae
      - Family Schizocaryidae
      - Family Thigmophryidae
      - Family Thyrophylacidae
      - Family Uronematidae
    - Order Pleuronematida
      - Family Calyptotrichidae
      - Family Ctedoctematidae
      - Family Cyclidiidae
      - Family Dragescoidae
      - Family Histiobalantiidae
      - Family Peniculistomatidae
      - Family Pleuronematidae
    - Order Thigmotrichida
      - Family Ancistridae
      - Family Hemispeiridae
      - Family Hysterocinetidae
      - Family Nucleocorbulidae
  - Subclass Astomatia
    - Order Astomatida
      - Family Anoplophryidae
      - Family Archiastomatidae
      - Family Clausilocolidae
      - Family Contophryidae
      - Family Haptophryidae
      - Family Hoplitophryidae
      - Family Intoshellinidae
      - Family Maupasellidae
      - Family Radiophryidae
  - Subclass Apostomatia
    - Order Apostomatida
      - Family Colliniidae
      - Family Cyrtocaryidae
      - Family Foettingeriidae
    - Order Astomatophorida
      - Family Opalinopsidae
    - Order Pilisuctorida
      - Family Conidophryidae
  - Subclass Peritrichia
    - Order Mobilida
      - Family Leiotrochidae
      - Family Polycyclidae
      - Family Trichodinidae
      - Family Urceolariidae
    - Order Sessilida
      - Family Ellobiophryidae
      - Family Epistylididae
      - Family Lagenophryidae
      - Family Operculariidae
      - Family Rovinjellidae
      - Family Scyphidiidae
      - Family Vaginicolidae
      - Family Vorticellidae
      - Family Zoothamniidae

Phylum Myzozoa T. Cavalier-Smith & E.E. Chao, 2004

Subphylum Apicomplexa
- Infraphylum Apicomonada
  - Class Apicomonadea
    - Order Colpodellida Cavalier-Smith, 1993
      - Family Colpodellidae Simpson & Patterson, 1996
- Infraphylum Sporozoa
  - Class Aconoidasida Mehlhorn, Peters & Haberkorn, 1980
    - Order Haemosporida Danilewsky, 1885
      - Family Garniidae Lainson, Landau & Shaw, 1971
      - Family Haemoproteidae Doflein, 1916
      - Family Leucocytozoidae Fallis & Bennett, 1961
      - Family Plasmodiidae Mesnil, 1903
    - Order Piroplasmorida Wenyon, 1926
      - Family Haemohormidiidae
  - Class Coccidea
    - Order Agamococcidiorida
      - Family Gemmocystidae
      - Family Rhytidocystidae
    - Order Eucoccidiorida Léger & Duboscq, 1910
      - Suborder Adeleorina Léger, 1911
        Family Adeleidae
        
        Family Dactylosomatidae
        
        Family Haemogregarinidae
        
        Family Hepatozoidae Wenyon, 1926
        
        Family Karyolysidae
        
        Family Klossiellidae
        
        Family Legerellidae
      - Suborder Eimeriorina Léger, 1911
        Family Aggregatidae
        
        Family Calyptosporiidae
        
        Family Cryptosporidiidae Léger, 1911
        
        Family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903
        
        Family Elleipsisomatidae
        
        Family Lankesterellidae
        
        Family Sarcocystidae
        
        Family Selenococcidiidae
        
        Family Spirocystidae
    - Order Ixorheorida
      - Family Ixorheidae
    - Order Protococcidiorida
      - Family Angeiocystidae
      - Family Eleutheroschizonidae
      - Family Grelliidae
      - Family Mackinnoniidae
      - Family Myriosporidae
  - Class Gregarinasina
    - Order Archigregarinorida Grassé & Schrével, 1953
      - Family Exoschizonidae
      - Family Selenidioididae
    - Order Eugregarinorida
      - Suborder Aseptatorina
        Family Aikinetocystidae
        
        Family Ganymedidae
        
        Family Lecudinidae
        
        Family Monocystidae
        
        Family Selenidiidae
        
        Family Urosporidae
      - Suborder Blastogregarinorina
        Family Siedleckiidae
      - Suborder Septatorina
        Family Actinocephalidae
        
        Family Cephaloidophoridae
        
        Family Cephalolobidae
        
        Family Didymophoridae
        
        Family Gregarinidae
        
        Family Metameridae
        
        Family Porosporidae
        
        Family Uradiophoridae
    - Order Neogregarinorida Grassé & Schrével, 1953
      - Family Caulleryellidae
      - Family Gigaductidae
      - Family Lipotrophidae
      - Family Ophryocystidae
      - Family Schizocystidae
      - Family Syncystidae
  - Class Piroplasmea
    - Order Piroplasmida Wenyon, 1926
      - Family Anthemosomatidae
      - Family Babesiidae Poche, 1913
      - Family Dactylosomidae
      - Family Theileriidae
Subphylum Dinozoa
- Infraphylum Protalveolata
  - Class Colponemea
    - Order Colponemida
      - Family Colponemidae
    - Order Algovorida
      - Family Algovoridae
  - Class Myzomonadea
    - Order Voromonadida
      - Family Voromonadidae
    - Order Chilovorida
      - Family Chilovoridae
  - Class Ellobiopsea
    - Order Ellobiopsida
      - Family Ellobiopsidae
- Infraphylum Dinoflagellata (Dinophyta) Bütschli, 1885
  - Class Blastodiniophyceae Fensome, 1993
    - Order Blastodiniales Chatton, 1906
      - Family Apodiniaceae
      - Family Blastodiniaceae Cavers, 1913
      - Family Cachonellaceae Siva, 1980
      - Family Haplozoaceae Chatton, 1920
      - Family Oodiniaceae Chatton, 1920
      - Family Protoodiniaceae
  - Class Dinophyceae (Bütschli, 1885) Pascher, 1914
    - Subclass Dinophysiphycidae Möhn & Fensome, 1993
      - Order Dinophysiales Kofoid, 1926
        Family Amphisoleniaceae Lindemann, 1928
        
        Family Dinophysiaceae F.R. von Stein, 1883
        
        Family Oxyphysiaceae Sournia, 1984
    - Subclass Gymnodiniophycidae Fensome, 1993
      - Order Gymnodiniales Apstein, 1909
        Family Actiniscaceae Kützing, 1844
        
        Family Entomosigmaceae
        
        Family Gymnodiniaceae Lankester, 1885
        
        Family Polykrikaceae Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
        
        Family Tovelliaceae Moestrup, Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2005
        
        Family Warnowiceae Lindemann, 1928
      - Order Ptychodiscales Fensome, 1993
        Family Brachydiniaceae Sournia, 1972
        
        Family Ptychodiscaceae Willey & Hickson, 1909
    - Subclass Peridiniphycidae Fensome, 1993
      - Order Gonyaulacales Taylor, 1980
        Suborder Ceratiineae Fensome, 1993
        Family Ceratiaceae Willey & Hickson, 1909
        
        Suborder Cladopyxiineae Fensome, 1993
        Family Cladopyxiaceae Stein, 1883
        
        Suborder Goniodomineae Fensome, 1993
        Family Goniodomaceae Lindemann, 1928
        
        Family Pyrocystaceae Apstein, 1909
        
        Suborder Gonyaulacineae (Taylor, 1980)
        Family Ceratocoryaceae Lindemann, 1928
        
        Family Gonyaulacaceae
      - Order Peridiniales Haeckel, 1894
        Suborder Heterocapsineae Fensome, 1993
        Family Heterocapsaceae Fensome, 1993
        
        Suborder Peridiniinae (Haeckel, 1894)
        Family Peridiniaceae Ehrenberg, 1831
        
        Family Podolampaceae Lindemann, 1928
    - Subclass Prorocentrophycidae Fensome, 1993
      - Order Prorocentrales Lemmermann, 1910
        Family Prorocentraceae Stein, 1883
  - Class Noctiluciphyceae Fensome, 1993
    - Order Noctilucales Haeckel, 1894
      - Family Kofoidiniaceae Taylor, 1976
      - Family Leptodiscaceae Taylor, 1976
      - Family Noctilucaceae Saville-Kent, 1881
  - Class Syndiniophyceae Loeblich III, 1976
    - Order Syndiniales Loeblich III, 1976
      - Family Amoebophryaceae J. Cachon & Loeblich III,1970
      - Family Coccidiniaceae
      - Family Duboscquellaceae Chatton, 1920
      - Family Oxyrrhinaceae Sournia, 1984
      - Family Sphaeriparaceae
      - Family Spiromonadaceae Hollande & Grassé, 1952
      - Family Syndiniaceae Chatton, 1920

Division Haptophyta (Prymnesiophyta) Hibberd & Cavalier-Smith, 1986

Class Pavlovophyceae
- Order Pavlovales
  - Family Pavlovaceae
Class Prymnesiophyceae
- Order Coccolithales Schwarz, 1932
  - Family Calcidiscaceae
  - Family Coccolithaceae
  - Family Hymenomonadaceae
  - Family Pleurochrysidaceae
  - Family Reticulosphaeraceae
- Order Isochrysidales Pascher, 1910
  - Family Isochrysidaceae
  - Family Noelaerhabdaceae
- Order Phaeocystales
  - Family Phaeocystaceae
- Order Prymnesiales
  - Family Prymnesiaceae
- Order Syracosphaerales
  - Family Rhabdosphaeraceae
  - Family Syracosphaeraceae
- Order Zygodiscales
  - Family Braarudosphaeraceae
  - Family Helicosphaeraceae

Division Cryptophyta Pascher, 1914

Class Cryptophyceae Pascher, 1913
- Order Cryptomonadales Pascher, 1913
  - Family Campylomonadaceae
  - Family Cryptomonadaceae
  - Family Hemiselmidaceae
  - Family Hilleaceae
- Order Goniomonadales
  - Family Goniomonadaceae

Excavata (Cavalier-Smith) Simpson, 2003

Eozoa Cavalier-Smith, 2003

Phylum Loukozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1999

Class Jakobea Cavalier-Smith, 1999
- Order Jakobida
  - Family Histionidae
  - Family Jakobidae
Class Malawimonadea
- Order Malawimonadida
  - Family Malawimonadidae

Phylum Metamonada Grassé 1952

Subphylum Anaeromonada
- Class Anaeromonadea
  - Order Trimastigida
    - Family Trimastigidae
  - Order Oxymonadida
    - Family Oxymonadidae
    - Family Polymastigidae
    - Family Pyrsonymphidae
    - Family Saccinobaculidae
    - Family Streblomastigidae
Subphylum Trichozoa
- Superclass Parabasalia
  - Class Trichomonadea
    - Order Trichomonadida
      - Family Calonymphidae
      - Family Cochlosomatidae
      - Family Devescovinidae
      - Family Monocercomonadidae
      - Family Trichomonadidae
    - Order Lophomonadida
      - Family Deltotrichonymphidae
      - Family Joeniidae
      - Family Kofoidiidae
      - Family Lophomonadidae
      - Family Microjoeniidae
      - Family Rhizonymphidae
    - Order Spirotrichonymphida
      - Family Holomastigotidae
      - Family Holomastigotoididae
      - Family Spirotrichonymphidae
  - Class Trichonymphea
    - Order Trichonymphida
      - Family Eucomonymphidae
      - Family Hoplonymphidae
      - Family Spirotrichosomidae
      - Family Staurojoeninidae
      - Family Teranymphidae
      - Family Trichonymphidae
- Superclass Carpediemonadia
  - Class Carpediemonadea
    - Order Carpediemonadida
      - Family Carpediemonadidae
- Superclass Eopharyngia
  - Class Trepomonadea
    - Subclass Diplozoa
      - Order Distomatida Klebs, 1892
        Family Hexamitidae Kent, 1880
      - Order Giardiida Kunstler, 1882
        Family Giardiidae Cavalier-Smith, 1996
    - Subclass Enteromonadia
      - Order Enteromonadida
        Family Enteromonadidae Kulda & Nohýnková, 1976
  - Class Retortamonadea
    - Order Retortamonadida
      - Family Retortamonadidae Wenrich, 1932

Discicristata Cavalier-Smith, 2003

Phylum Percolozoa Cavalier-Smith 1991

Class Heterolobosea
- Order Schizopyrenida Singh, 1952
  - Family Gruberellidae
  - Family Vahlkampfiidae
- Order Acrasida (Schröter), Page & Blanton, 1985
  - Family Acrasidae
- Order Lyromonadida Cavalier-Smith, 1993
  - Family Lyromonadidae Cavalier-Smith, 1993
Class Percolatea
- Order Percolomonadida
  - Family Percolatea
- Order Pseudociliatida Corliss & Lipscomb, 1982
  - Family Stephanopogonidae Corliss, 1961

Phylum Euglenozoa (Euglenophyta) Cavalier-Smith, 1981[3]

Subphylum Plicostoma
- Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884
  - Order Euglenales
    - Family Euglenaceae
  - Order Petalomonadida Cavalier-Smith, 1993
    - Family Petalomonadaceae
  - Order Peranemida Bütschli, 1884
    - Family Peranemataceae Dujardin, 1841
  - Order Rhabdomonadida Leedale, 1967
    - Family Rhabdomonadaceae
- Class Diplonemea
  - Order Diplonemida Cavalier-Smith, 1993
    - Family Diplonemidae Cavalier-Smith, 1993
Subphylum Saccostoma
- Class Kinetoplastea
  - Order Bodonida Hollande, 1952
    - Family Bodonidae Bütschli, 1887
  - Order Trypanosomatida (Kent, 1880) Hollande, 1952
    - Family Trypanosomatidae Doflein, 1901

gollark: Great?

gollark: No.

gollark: <@113673208296636420>

gollark: ++tel dial YanksTowelBegin

Notes

The first eukaryotes were “neither plants, animals, nor fungi”, hence as defined, the Protista would include the earliest common ancestor of all eukaryotes.
In the original 4-kingdom model proposed in 1959, Protista included all unicellular microorganisms such as bacteria.

References

Whittaker RH (January 1969). "New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms". Science. 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.403.5430. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.
"whittaker new concepts of kingdoms – Google Scholar". scholar.google.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
T. Cavalier-Smith (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine". BioSystems. 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[origin-1] The first eukaryotes were “neither plants, animals, nor fungi”, hence as defined, the Protista would include the earliest common ancestor of all eukaryotes.

[4] In the original 4-kingdom model proposed in 1959, Protista included all unicellular microorganisms such as bacteria.

[whitaker5kingdoms-2] Whittaker RH (January 1969). "New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms". Science. 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.403.5430. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.

[3] "whittaker new concepts of kingdoms – Google Scholar". scholar.google.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-28.

[C-S1981-5] T. Cavalier-Smith (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine". BioSystems. 14 (3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.